名词的分类及基本用法

1、名词的分类及基本用法.概念:名词表示人或事物的名称。例词：woma n, people, desk, book,二. 分类：.名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。America , China。专有名词的第1专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，如: 一个字母要。2. 普通名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为 名词与名词。 可数名词(cn), 有或两种形式。女口： anorange, a book, two rooms ,some printers.注意；名词前必须 +冠词a /an / the/one's来修饰它.Eg :判断正误1. There is a book()2. He is

2、stude nt()3. Mr. Li is my teacher () 不可数名词（Un ）, 一般没有形式，如 money, water, weather, time, news, .还有一些词既可以充当可数名词，也可以充当不可数名词，如；chicke n三. 【配套练习】找出下列短文中的专有名词和可数名词及不可数名词In 1821, a former soldier named Charles Barbier visited the school. Barbier shared his invention called "night writing," a code

3、of twelve raised dots that let soldiers share top-secret information on the battlefield without having to speak. Although the code ended up being too difficult for the average soldier, Braille picked it up quickly.专有名词可数名词不可数名词四、可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下：背诵：可数名词的复数形式变化规则表。词尾字母情况构成方法、+ & 读曰例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读

4、/s/,浊辅音 和兀音后读/z/bird-birds, desk-,hand-, lake-以 ch , sh ,s ,x ,z 结尾加-es读 /i z/watch-watches , brush-,class-classes,box-,bus-, quiz-quizes辅音字母+y改y为iz再加es读/z/baby-,coun try-co un tries,family-families,city-以0结尾加 -s 或-es读/Z/tomato-tomatoes,potato-,hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes, photo-photos,zoo-,radio-以f或f

5、e结尾变f或者fe为v加es读 /vz/thief-thieves, wife-,leaf-, knife-,wolf -wolves, life-以辅音字母以ce, se, ze,（ d） ge 结尾 的名词加s加-s读 /iz/dan ce-da nces,house-oran gepage-bridge-特殊情况1单复数同形species物种鹿手段，方法作品中国人鱼（表条数）羊牛群2.改换内部元音字 母man-men 男人 woman-妇女 fisherman渔夫English-men/English-women 英国男 /女人 gentleman-纟申士policema n-警察foo

6、t-feet 脚tooth-牙齿3.完全不规则child-儿童mouse-老鼠oxoxen 牛4.有些名词具有不 同含义时，相应的复 数也不同fish-fishes表示种类 -fish表示条数 people-peoples（表示民族）-people（表示人民复数概念）5.有和作定语修饰 名词时，前后同时改 变a man doctor- two men doctors 两个男医牛a woman teacher -six.六个女教师但 a boy student - two boy students 两个男学生a girl friend -three三个女朋友【配套练习】写出下列名词的复数形式。1

7、. fish2. Chin ese3. deer4. Fren chma n5.child6.zoo7. boy8. bus9.class10. potato11. city12.box13. wife14. country15. family【综合练习】-名词听写key 钥匙 jacket 夹克衫 quilt 被子 orange 橙子 ruler 尺子 pen 钢笔 color 颜色 red 红色的 yellow 黄色的 green 绿色的 blue 蓝色的 black 黑色的 white 白色的 this 这个 that 那个 spell 拼写 apple 苹果 hour 小时 zero

8、零 one two 二three 三 four 四 five 五 six 六seven七eight 八nine 九 ten 十 first name 名字 middle name 中间名字n ice 好的高兴的teleph one nu mber = pho ne nu mber 电话号码family name = last name 姓练习 11. In autumn leaves in a tree turns yand falls off the tree.2. He left his k in the car, so he couldn't enter his house.3.

9、 Chinese people avoid w, and they think red can bring them good luck.4. I didn 't call her yesterday, because I forgot her pnumber.5. Mr. Green insists on writing letters with a pinstead of sending emails to hisfriends.6. Eat an a a day can keep a doctor away from you.7. The little boy can s o n

10、 e ,two and three in English练习 2. 改错1. There is a book ()2. They are student ()3. Mr. Li is my teacher ()练习 3找出下列短文中的专有名词和可数名词及不可数名词( 1)I have many hobbies I do for fun I sometimes play golf with my sons I play tennis with all the family I like to collect music books I also collect musical instrumen

11、ts from China like the erhu，the dizi ，the xiao ，the suona，and the pipaThese are the instruments of China which cannot be found in America ( 2)Of all the things we eat and drink ，water is the most important Not many people understand this， but it is quite true The human body can go without food for a

12、 long time ， but two or three days without water usually make people dead 3写出下列名词的复数形式。1. fish 2. Chinese 3. deer_4. Frenchman 5.child 6.zoo7. boy8. bus_9.class _10. potato11. city_12.box_13. wife14. country 15. family_练习 4 .用正确形式填空In our city there is a big_ ( zoo) .There are a lot of different (an

13、imal) init. There are some scary _(tiger)and _(lion). They like eating_ (meat)andthey eat(many) meat every day.There are also two big_ (elephant) and a baby( 婴儿 ) one. Children like to ride( 骑 ) one of them.The elephantsare very kind and friendly.They eat much(grass )and (banana).练习5语法填空When you lau

14、gh , you will 1(open)your mouth , and show your teeth . The healthierthose teeth are, the 2(happy) you look . Why is that?It ' because your teeth are importa nt in many ways .If you take care 3them , they ' llhelp 4(take) care of you . Strong, healthy teeth help you eat the right food to hel

15、p yougrow . They also help you speak5(clear).You can take care of your teeth by doing like these :Brush your teeth twice 6 day after breakfast and before bedtime. Or you canbrush them after lunch 7.after eating sweet cakes .Brush all of 8teeth , not just the front ones . Spend some time on the teeth

16、 along thesides and in the back.Take your time while brushing . Spend at least3 minutes each time you brush.Be sure your toothbrush is soft . Ask your pare nt to help you get a new toothbrush every three mon ths.Learn how to floss(用牙线洁牙)your teeth, 9 is a very important way to keephealthy . It 10(fe

17、el) strange when you do it at first , but soon you ' ll get usee习。(惯于)doing it . Brushing and flossing can make your teeth healthy . You also need to care about what you eat and drink . Eat many fruits and vegetables and drink water in stead of drinks .练习5 . ?阅读理解？On a warm day in 2050, Frank an

18、d Mary Smith wake up in their comfortable house and tur n on the computer in their bedroom to get the latest 新的)n ews. They used to readThe Guardian, but changed to electronic 电子的)newspapers many years ago.Frank first reads some n ews about space: ano ther space flight has retur ned fromMars. Then t

19、hey turn to sport news. As they watch the screen, Mary pays for a robot to make coffee for them.The n Frank disappears into ano ther room to join a video meeti ng with hisbus in ess part ners around the world. Frank is a computer engin eer. Mary is still in their bedroom. She picks up the video phon

20、e to talk to her assistar助理).Mary also has a job and she is doing medical research. Both she and Frank used to have office jobs in London, but in 2040 they decided to move to the seaside and work from home.Frank and Mary have one daughter, Louise. She goes to school only one day aweek, mai nly to pl

21、ay with other stude nts. Classrooms disappeared in 2035 becausethere was no longer any need for them: the Internet had made it much easier to learn at home.Louise, now thirteen, is studying Chinese at present, which has become a world language as important as English. Louise has many Chinese friends. They share many things online.According to the family doctor, Louise will live to be at least 130. Her wish is to work for a few decades (十年) and then spend her