名词性从句思维导图

1、名词性从句思维导图名词性从句思维导图1 / 14名词性从句思维导图# / 14名词性从句思维导图# / 14名词性从句思维导图I主晉从包 丿翹从旬 应M句 同位语从奇引导词 "Othatwhether/if吃脯引导济从燃引导词是储什么J"：同也语从句与定语从旬的区剂弋从fijfisgffl陈述语序（不欖装）乜判断从旬类鵬从旬后主句鮒么七養讦曼輕if-«只用刊1碾语卿）-ORH.苗从句的主饥 栽、定鹄0副讯臍从旬的卿_,«) what/which/who/whom/whose "0 when/wti«re/why / ho w what

2、/wha teve r/whoeve# / 14名词性从句思维导图# / 14名词性从句思维导图表一：主语从句表主 语 从 句(1)由连词that引导的主语从句。That you will win the medal seems uni ikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。That she survived the accide nt is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹(2)用连接代词 或连接副词 或whether引导的主 语从句。Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑

3、的，仍然是个谜。When they will come hasn ' t been made pubic.他们什么时候来还不知道。Whether she is coming or not doesn ' t matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。(3)用关系代词引导的主语从句。What you n eed is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。Whoever is top from wins the game whe n two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whatever we do is to serve

4、the people. 我们无论做什么都是 为人民服务。固 疋 用 法 和 译 法(1) It is + 名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is good n ews that是好消息It is a questi on that是个问题It is com mon kno wledge that是常识类似的名词还有：a pity ; a wonder; a good thing ;no wonder;surprise 等。It is a mystery to me how it all happe ned.这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。It is common knowled

5、ge that the whale is not a fish 鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。(2) It is + 形容词+从句It is n ecessary that有必要It is clear that很清楚It is likely that很可冃是It is important that重要的是 类似的形容词还有:strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; qu

6、ite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is obvious that con ductors and in sulators are both importa nt in industry. 很明显导体和 绝缘体 在工业中都很重要。It is doubtful whether she will be able to come她是否能来令人怀疑。It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .周

7、末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.很明显我们不能这样下去了。表主 语 从 句固 疋 用 法 和 译 法(3) It is + 过去 分词+从句It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It has bee n proved that已证明It must be proved that必须指出 类似的过 去分词还 有： known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; no ted; discussed; req

8、uired; decided; suggested; dema nded; made clear; found out,etc.It is thought that he is the best player. 大豕都认为他是最好的选 手。It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collisi on between two stars.过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰 撞产生的。It has not bee n made clear whe n the new road is to be ope ned to tr

9、affic.还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车(4)It +不及物 动词+从句It seems that 好像是It happe ned that碰巧It follows that由此可见 It has turned out that结果是类似的不及物动词 还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happe n, turn out, etc.It turned out that n obodv remembered the address.结果是无人记得那个地址。It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.看起来他们急

10、需帮助。It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later. 没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。(当 及物动词+宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。)例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell an vbodv where he was. 让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。It does not interest me whether you go or not我对你去不去不感兴趣。It +某些固定结构+主语从句。例如：It doesn ' t mak

11、e too much differenc( It doesn ' t make anv differenee / It doesnthe sttaaeon ),whether it rains or not .下不下雨都没有多大关系。It does not make any differe nce whether it rains or not . 下不下雨没什么分另叽It does not make the least differe nce to me what you do. 对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。Is it of much consequence to you that

12、Mr. Wang has failed to do it ?王先生没有做成这件事对你有什么重要影响吗？3.连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词 when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。表二：宾语从句表宾 语 从 句一、宾语从 句的连接词1.连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在 口语中常被省略。eg. He knew (that)he should work hard.2.连词if、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作 是否”解，在口语中多用if。一般情况

13、下，if和whether可以互换，但以下 3种情况只能用 whether:a. 在不定式前：Whether to go there or not has n't bee n decided.b. 在介词前：It depends on （依靠）whether it is going to rain.c. 与 or not 连用： They are talking about whether to go there or not.eg. Tom don't know if/whether his gran dpa liked the prese nt. He asked me wh

14、ether or not I was coming.3.连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词 when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。二、宾语从 句的语序陈述语序，即 连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句 的倒装结构。Can you tell me who do we have to see? (X)Can you tell me who we have to see? ( v)The teacher asked the students what the

15、y were doing. ( “陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。eg. She said,“ I will leaa/®nessage on the desk. ”t She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑冋句和特殊疑冋句变为兵语从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化 ，后面接陈述语序。Eg. “ Where are the tickets?” I asked him.t i asked him where the tickets are.三、时态呼 应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态

16、不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (X)I thought(that) you would be free today. ( V)【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时 态如何，从句都用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.表宾 语 从 句四、注意宾 语从句的语 气1.宾语从句一般用陈述语气，但是，当主句的谓语动

17、词为 advise, insist（坚决主张 ）,suggest（建议）,require, request, order, ask（要求）等表示请求、命令、要求、主张意义的动词时，从 句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用“should动词原形” （should往往可以省略）。she insisted that he (should) go there with her.她坚决要求他跟她一起去那儿。 The doctor suggested that she (should) take more exercise every day.医生建议她每天多进行锻炼。2.但当insist表示 坚持说，suggest

18、表示 暗示、He insisted that he didnt steal her wat（他坚持说他没有偷她的手表。表明，ask表示 问 时，兵语从句用陈述语气His smile suggested that he did well in the interview. 他的微笑表明他面试得很好。3.动词wish后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用 过去式（针对现在情况而言卜过去完成时（针对过去情况而 言）或用"would / should / could / might +动词原形”针对将来 情况而言）。1 wish 1 were a bird.我希望我是一只鸟。I wish

19、we lived on the moon now. 我希望我们现在住在月亮上。五、注意宾语从句的否定问题当否定宾语从句时，一般直接对从句的谓语动词 进行否定。I know that he won t tell a lie to us我知道他不会对我们说谎。He said he hadn ' t been to america befor他说他以前没有去过美国。但是，当主句的谓语动词为 think, believe, suppose, imagine等，右时态为一般现在时，谓语动词前 又没有副词修饰时，宾语从句的否定应该转移到主句的谓语动词上。如如： I don ' t thin

20、k thdle will cometo help us today.我想他今天不会来帮我们的忙了。表三：表语从句定义在一个复合句中其表语部分是一个句子，这个当表语的句子就是表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词之后。表表 语 从 句连系动词1.be动词2.感官动词look看起来像是smell闻起来sou nd听起来taste尝起来feel摸起来，给感觉3.表变化的词seem,似乎，好像appear,显得，看起来好像keep，保持的状态remain,仍是stay保'持（某种状态）prove证明是get变成，变得 起来fall进入（某种状态）grow渐渐变得起来，长得turn转变成（新的与原来元全

21、不冋的色彩或性质），变质（色）go变成（某种坏的状态）become变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）come变成为（已知的状态）等that和 whether 弓丨 导的表语 从句That仅起连接作 用，无意义， whether意为是 否”在从句中也 不充当任何成 分。1. The fact is that he does nt really tr事实是他没有做真正的努力。2. The question is whether the film is worth see in g.问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】1.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不用becausee.g. The

22、reason why he was late was that he missed the train虚线部分是定语从句 ）3. whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。4. 主句的主语常常是些抽象名词.如question（问题），trouble（麻烦）,problem（问题），result（结果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建议）,idea（想法）,reason理由）等.（2）连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose 等1. That was what she did this morning on reachin

23、g the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的事情。（what在复合句中连接主句跟从句，意思是事情，在从句中作宾语）2. That is what is called UFO.那个就是被叫做 UFO的东西。（what意为东西，在从句中作主语）3. The dress is which I buy for my mom.这件礼服是我头给我妈妈。（which意思是那件，在句子中作兵语。4. The question is who （m） we should trust.冋题是我们应当相信谁。（who意思是谁，那个人，在句子中作兵语）5. The girl is whose leggs got

24、hurt during the earthiquake. 那个女孩就是脚在地震中受伤的人。（whose意为什么人的，在从句中作定语）表表 语 从 句（3）连接 副词连接副词有 whe n,where,how, why 等1. That was when 1 was fifteen.这是我 15 岁时发生的事。2. That where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。3. The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。4. That ' why he didn ' t con这就是他没有来的缘故。（4）

25、其他 连接词以 及短语1 )由 as if / as though引导as if / as though表示好像的意思，Now it was as though she had kn ow n Millie for years.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。2）由 because,why引导的表语 从句That's because he did n't un dersta nd me.那是因为他没有理解我。（That's because.强调原因）That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。（That's

26、 why.强调结果）what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用becauseThe reason why I was sad was that he did n't un dersta nd me.我难过的原因是他没有理解我。注意1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。(X) The questi on is whe n can he arrive at the hotel.(“ The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2. 不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(as

27、 if例外)。(X) The questi on is if the en emy is march ing towards us.( v) The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.( V It looked as if he had understood this question.3. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。( V The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.( V The question is

28、 why he cried yesterday.4. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。5. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion,order, proposal, plan, idea 等。e.g.: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。7 / 14名词性从句思维导图表四：同位语从句定义同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体

29、内容。 代词和连接副词引导。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem,promise, doubt, thought, message, words 消 息 information, wish, answer, evidenee, report, explanation,suggestion, conclusion ,l have no idea when he will be back .我不知道他什么时候回来。He must answer the question whether he

30、 agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。_|Have you any idea what time it starts?你知道什么时候开始吗 ？possibility等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。表 四 同 位 语 从 句具体内容。【注意1】在某些名词(如dema nd, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句 要用虚拟语气sho

31、uld+动词原形从属连词that引 导 词【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。They were faced with the dema nd that this tax be abolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。主语从句It is important that we

32、 should learn English well.宾语从句He told us 什 hat) he felt ill.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.表语从句The fact is that we have lost the game.同位语从句The news that we won the game is exciting.无词义，在从句中不担 任句子成分，有时可省 略。9 / 14名词性从句思维导图表 四 同 位 语 从 句引 导 词从 属 连 词whether/ if as ifif/wheth

33、er, as if 虽有词 义，但在从句中不作句 子成分。主语从句Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.宾语从句Attitude determines whether/if people are successful and able to enjoy life.Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey.表语从句It looks as if it is going to rain.同位语从句He was tortured（折磨）by the doubt w

34、hether he would accept their presents.连 接 代 词what which who whom whose有词义，在从句中作成 分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。主语从句Who will win the match is still unknown.宾语从句She won dered what he had done.表语从句That ' s juwlhat I want.同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration.表五：考点梳理表五考 占 八、 梳 理【考点一】 考查名

35、词 性从句的 引导词一分二划三看”三 步法一分”即分清从句类型：即分清从句是哪一种名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）二划”即划分出从句三看”即看从句句意是否完整：1. 句意不完整 t缺连接代词：指人时，用who, whoever （作主语）；whom, whomever （作宾语）；指物时，用 what,whatever （作主语、宾语）;which, whichever （作主语、宾语）。2. 句意元整t缺连接副词：指时间时，用when;指地点时，用 where, wherever;指原因时，用 why :指方式时，用how。3. 句意元整t缺不作成分的连词：有含义的用i

36、f, whether （是否）；无含义的用that。【考点二】 考查名词 性从句的 语序问题在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其他部分应用陈述语序。而考生们往往使用疑问语序，特别是在以以h引导的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语。在试题的设置上会通过宾语从句、表语从句的语序来考查，尤其是一些与特殊疑问句有关的宾语 从句或表语从句。 These shoes look very good. I wonder.表五考 占 八、梳理A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. ho

37、w much are they cost解析：选C。根据题干中的及物动词wonder可知,how much引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈述语序，故排除疑问语序的B、D两项;A项可以改为 how much they cost 或 how much they are worth。故选 C 项。【考点三】 考查宾语 从句中的 否定转移否疋转移主要针对兵语从句。在兵语从句中，当谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表示 认为、相信、猜测意义的词，并且主语是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，形式上是否定主句谓语动词的否定词，实际上否

38、定的是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中，其中的附加冋句要与从句保持一致，而且要把否疋词转移到从句中去。1 don t believe he treated the child like that, did he? I ' m sure you ' d rather she went to school by bus,?A. hadn ' t you B. wouldn ' t you C. aren ' t I D. didn ' t she解析：选B。题干中的be sure同believe,而且句子的主语是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，所以附加问句（反意

39、疑问句）与从句保持一致。【考点四】 考查形式 主语、形式 宾语当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免头重脚轻”，常常将从句后置，而用it作形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式兵语。不能用this或that来代替it。It is a pity that he can ' t attend the party.We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.（that 不可以省略 ）is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern atio

40、nal la nguage.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It解析：选D。分析题干可知，it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。【考点五】 考查名词 性从句中 虚拟语气 的运用（1）主语从句、兵语从句、冋位语从句和表语从句都会涉及到虚拟语气，一些表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如insist （坚持）/suggest （建议）/order （命令）/request （要求、请求）/require （要求）/recommend（建议）/urge（催促，力劝）等后的兵语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气， 即“should+do（动词原形）”，其中的should可以省略。对应的名词作

41、主语跟表语从句，或对应的名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语气。但 是如果有其他意义则例外，如suggest表示 暗示”时，所跟的宾语从句就用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we （should） have a rest.It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new con diti ons.My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasneen accepted. ' t bMy suggesti on is that

42、we （should） read En glish n ewspapers to improve our En glish.主语从句中的某些句型，如It ' s necessary/essential/strange/apity/a shame/no wondelrtt ' s （high） time that等.句型中也常用虚拟语气，构成形式也是“should+动词原形”。It is n ecessary that we should master a foreig n Ian guage.It is high time that the children should go

43、 to school.（should 不可以省略）表六：难点表六难 占 八、【难点一】that的省略问题用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确I believeyou have done your best andthings will get better .解析：that在引导主语从句、表语从句和冋位从句时，一般不省略。在引导宾语从句时,that可以省略。当由两个that引导的从句作冋一个动词的宾语时，第二个that不可省。故第一个空可填that，也可不填；第二空填that。下列情况that不可省略： 当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省略。The reason lies in

44、 that she works harder than the others do. 当宾语从句被 it 替代时，that 不可省略。She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with the decision. 当that引导的兵语从句中的状语紧靠that时，或that从句中含有主从复合句时，that不可省略。I ' m sure that if you' ve lost it, you must pay for it. 有插入语或其他成分把兵语从句和主句分开时，that不可省略。He thinks, 1m

45、afraid, that he is always right. 当that引导的兵语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时，that不可省略。They said that rubbing the girls leg might help. 从句的主语是 that 时，that 不可省略。She says that that is a real gold ring.【难点二】whether 与if用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 The questi onhe will go or not has not bee n decided. Please let me knowyou want

46、 to go.解析：whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，而if不可以。在引导宾语从句时whether可以与or not直接连用，或是作介词宾语，但是if不可以。所以第题填whether;第题填whether或if皆可。只能使用whether的情形如下： 主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。.Whether he will succeed is still unknown . 2.The question is whether it will rain. 介词后的宾语从句中只用whether。That depends on whether they will

47、come by bus. 后面直接跟动词不定式时只用whether。 He doesn' t know whether to stay or not. 兵语从句中既可用 whether也可用if引导，但是右后面紧接or not时，只能用whether。We didn ' t know whether or not she was ready.【即学即练】 Elepha nts have their own way to tell the shape of an object andit is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. howD. what

48、解析：选B。根据前面的动词tell可知,and连接两个并列宾语，所以后面是宾语从句，由从句中or可知答案。用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 My opinion isevery one of us takes out $5 for Jane' s birthday prese nt. she said puzzled him.解析：that与what引导名词性从句的根本区别在于that在所引导的名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；what在所引导的从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。所以第题填that;第题填 What。单项填空【难点三】 One adva ntag

49、e of play ing the guitar isit can give you a great deal of pleasure.that 与 whatA. howB. whyC. thatD. whe n解析：选C。从句表达的就是 one advantage的具体内容，is后是表语从句，从句中的成分元整，所以所填引导词不作任何成分，故选C。matters most i n lear ning En glish is eno ugh practice.表A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which六解析：选A。从题干的is看出前面是主语从句，从句中没有主语，所以用连接代词what。B、C两项是连接副词，在从句中作状语，故排除。难用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确占八、 wants to see this film can go with us toni ght. cold it is, I will go to school.解析：疑冋词+ever与no matter+疑冋词的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，而后者只能引导让步状语从句。 第题空白处引导主语从