英语常用的八种时态

1、英语时态初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种，即一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时。现从结构，作用，时间状语三方面加以介绍。 动词形式分五种：1.动词原形 2.第三人称单数 3.过去式 4.过去分词 5.现在分词动词形式用法及作用举例1. 动词原形词典、单词表所给词形，用于一般现在时（主语为复数）及情态动词、助动词后。Flowers smell sweet.They enjoy dancing to the music.You should be more polite.2. 动词原形+ s/es用于现在时单数第三人称。其词尾变化规则与名词复

2、数变化规则相同。He is a 16-year-old student.She washes her hands several times.3. 动词过去式用于一般过去时态。I wrote a book last year.We were in Grade Two in 2003.They had many tests last week.4. 过去分词用于各种完成时态、被动语态。其变化分为规则和不规则两种。We have learned nearly 1600 words.He had written 8 letters before 9.The classroom is cleaned

3、every day.5. 现在分词用于各种进行时态。现在进行时、过去进行时。词尾以-ING结尾。You are listening to me explaining.He was having an exam at 8 yesterday.一、一般现在时其结构为：be动词 肯定句 主语+am，is，are+其它。 否定句 主语+am，is，are + not+其它。 一般疑问句 Am，Is，Are+主语+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am，is，are+主语+其它？实意动词 1）主语为第一，二人称及第三人称复数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其

4、它。 一般疑问句 Do +主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+其它？ 2）主语为第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词第三人称单数 +其它。 否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+does+主语+动词原形+其它？其作用为：表示习惯性，经常性的动作；表示现在的状态与特征；表示普遍真理其常用时间状语为often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday(week，year.), in the morning（afternoon，evening）等。Ex .

5、 1. _ she _ (go)to the library every Sunday?此题为习惯性动作，答案为Does，go. 2.They often _(swim)in summer. 此题为经常性动作，答案为swim. 3._(be)everyone here? 此题表示现在的状态,答案为Is. 4.The earth_(travel) round the sun. 此题表示普遍真理,答案为travels.二、一般过去时其结构为：be动词 肯定句 主语+was，were+其它。 否定句 主语+was，were + not+其它。 一般疑问句 Was，Were+主语+其它？ 特殊疑问句

6、特殊疑问词+was，were+主语+其它？ 实意动词 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其它。 否定句 主语+didn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？其作用为：表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作其常用时间状语为 yesterday，the day before yesterday，.ago，last.及其它表过去的时间，如in 1998 等.Ex. 1.I_the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago. A write B writed C wrote D

7、writing此题表过去的情况，且write为不规则动词，答案为C.2.Everything_ready before Father came. A were B was C is D are 此题句中暗示为过去时，且everything后跟第三人称单数，答案为B.3.He always _me last term. A helped B helps C helping D help 此题表过去习惯性动作，且help为规则动词，答案为A. 三、一般将来时 其结构为：be动词 肯定句 主语+will be+其它。 否定句 主语+will not be+其它。 一般疑问句 Will+主语be+其它

8、？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+will+主语+be+其它？ 实意动词 肯定句 主语+will+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+won't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它？当主语是第一人称时，助动词可为 shall.且若为疑问句只能为shall.其作用为:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态.也可用 主语+am，is，aregoing to do+动词原形+其它来表示计划，打算或决定要做的事情。对于很快就会发生的事，还可用进行时态表将来，但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词，如go，come，leave

9、等。其常用时间状语为 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next.，in+时间段及其它表将来的时间，如in 2010 等.Ex. 1.Hurry up，or you_(be)late. 2.What_you_(do)tomorrow? 3.They_(have) 6 subjects next term. 4.I think it_ again later in the day . A rains B will going to rain C is going to rain D will be rain 5.Where_this time next year?

10、A will you be B will be you C you will be D will you going to be 四、现在进行时 其结构为: 肯定句 主语+ am，is，are+现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+ am，is，are +not+现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Am，Is，Are+主语+现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am，is，are+主语+现在分词+其他? 其作用为:表示说话当时正在发生的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作其常用时间状语为 now，this week，these days 等,也可是置于句首的 Look，Listen.现在进行时也可表示最近按计划

11、安排将进行的动作,常会有一个表将来的时间状语。但仅限于少量词语，如go，come，leave，arrive 等。注：表态度,情感的动词和感官动词不能用于进行时态（like，know，want，hear等）Ex. 1.They are planting trees on the hill. （改为否定句） They are not planting trees on the hill. 2.Tom is writing a letter to his friend. (改为一般疑问句) Is Tom writing a letter to his friend? 3.I am getting r

12、eady to run. (就划线部分提问) What are you getting ready to do?五、过去进行时其结构为: 肯定句 主语+was，were+现在分词+其他. 否定句 主语+was，werenot现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Was，Were+主语+现在分词+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was，were+主语+现在分词+其他? 其作用为：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作。其时间状语为：at this time过去时间 (at this time yesterday)，at that time， at具体时间点+过去时间（at 9:00 o'clock

13、 last night），from 具体时间点 to 具体时间点+过去时间(from 7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning)。过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时，强调动作瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为when，while.Ex. 1.He _(not work) at that time. wasn't working. 2.When the teacher_(come)in，they_(talk) loudly. came 为瞬间发生的动作,were talking 为持续的动作。 3.What_you_(re

14、ad) last night? 如此题强调的是昨夜正在读什么，则答案为 were，reaing如此题强调的是昨夜读了什么，则答案为 did，read 4.His mother _(return)while he_(do)his homework. returned为瞬间发生的动作,was doing 为持续的动作。 5.My father_(watch)TV while my mother_(cook).was watching，was cooking 两动词均为持续的动作。while 后的从句动词必须为进行时态。若主句和从句均为进行时，连词必须为 while .六、现在完成时其结构为：肯定句

15、 主语+ have，has +过去分词+其它。 否定句 主语+ have，has +not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Have，Has+ 主语+过去分词+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ have，has+主语+过去分词+其它?其作用与时间状语：1）表示过去发生的动作影响到现在，常与 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副词连用。2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与表一段时间的时间状语连用。如 for+时间段, since+过去时间，提问用How long.此外，so far, in (during) the last (past)+时间段

16、也是该时态的时间状语。现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。在现在完成时的第二个作用中，必须使用持续性动词，故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。如：die-have been dead，open-have been open, close-have been closed，buy-have had, borrow-have keptarrive (in，at),come(to)+ a place-have been in +a place，leave+ a place-have been away from+ a place，join+团体-have be

17、en in+团体,have been a+团体成员等Ex. 1 How long have you _the book? A borrowed B kept C lent D bought答案为B。因此处需要一个持续性动词。2.We _each other since he _. A didn't see，left B haven't seen，has left C haven't seen，left答案为C.因since的主句为现在完成时，从句为过去时。 3._he_(wait) for you for an hour? Has，waited 4.We_just_(h

18、ave) our lunch. Have，had 5.So far, no man_(visit) this village. has visited 七、过去将来时 其结构为：be动词 肯定句 主语+would be+其它。 否定句 主语+would not be+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+be+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+be+其它？ 实意动词 肯定句 主语+Would+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+wouldn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+其它？注：也

19、可用 was，weregoing to do 的结构来表示。其作用为:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情.此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。Ex. 1.Linda told me that she_(go)to the park the next day. would go 2.We didn't know when he_(arrive)until he called us. would arrive 3.They asked if they _(visit )the farm by bus. were going to visit 八、过去完成时其结构为：肯定句 主语+ had

20、 + 过去分词+其它。 否定句 主语+ had + not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Had+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ had+ 主语+过去分词+其它?其作用为：过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，即过去的过去，与现在无关。此时态常用于1）以by，before+过去时间，时间段+before，the (week.)before为时间状语的简单句中。2）主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。3）与一般过去时搭配，用于when，after，before引导的时间状语从句中Ex. 1.We _(be) there twice by the end of last year. ha

21、d been 2.They_(finish)the work before 1998. had finished 3.He said he _(see) the film the week before. had seen 4.The sun_(rise) when he got up. had risen 5.Yesterday,I _(leave)the classroom after I _(clean) it. left had cleaned现在完成时中，关于终止性动词与持续性动词的要求，在过去完成时中，依然适用。EXERCISES一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I usually

22、 (get) up at six，but yesterday I (get) up at seven, and tomorrow I (get) up at eight.2.When I got there, you already (start) playing.3.She (draw) a horse at this time yesterday.4.We (study) in this school for 3 years.5.If it (not rain) tomorrow, they (go) fishing.6.Lily said that she (put) on the ne

23、w dress the next day.7.How many times the girl (see) the film since last year?8.Jack (collect) more than two hundred Chinese stamps.9.By the end of last month, he (teach) us four English songs.10.The doctors (operate) on the sick boy now.11.My brother (speak) French well.12.There (be) a volleyball m

24、atch on the playground tomorrow afternoon.13.Look,the students (have) a physics lesson in the lab.14.When we (arrive) home yesterday afternoon, the wind (blow) hard.15.We never (hear) the story of Miss Evans before.16.I (not write) to my friend Mike for a long time.17.Please (not open) the window. I

25、t (be) cold outside.18.Hurry up! We (wait) for you.19.Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.20.Do you know if he (come) next week?21.Soon they (build) a high way between the two cities.22.I just (buy) a dictionary. I (buy) it last week. Now, I (look) up a word in it.23.He (finish) junior middle school

26、 in July 1997.24.Kate's sister (play) the piano wonderfully.25.We didn't get the tickets because our teacher (give) them all to the other class.26. it (take) you half an hour to finish your homework yesterday?27.The teacher told us that we (not have) a maths test the next Monday.28. the bus

27、(come) yet?29.These foreign friends (be) to the Great Wall twice.30.Jim isn't at home. He (go) to his uncle's.31."Mother,may I go out and play?"" you (clean) your bedroom?""Yes, I (do) it five minutes ago."32.The boy is not hungry. He (have) his lunch.33.I think

28、 the suit (fit) me before long though it (not fit) me now.34.As soon as the rain (stop),they (go) out and played happily.35.They (call) you in a day or two.36.I (tell) her the news as soon as she (come) back. I promise you.(我答应你)37.Her aunt (study) in Germany at this time last year.38 you (read) thi

29、s book? No, but I (borrow) one from the library .Would you like to go with me?39.Please keep quiet. Can't you see we (talk) about something important?40.Our teacher often (work) at night but she usually (go) to work on time.二、单项选择、填空( )1.-Where is Kate? -She _ to England.Ahas been Bhas gone Cwil

30、l be Dwill go( )2.What_he_ when his mother opened the door?Adid，do B had done C will do D was，doing( )3.-How long _the man_? -For 4 years.Ahas，died Bdid，die C was，died Dhas，been dead( )4.She told us that she _ our factory the next day.A had visited B was visited C would visit Dwill visit( )5.We _ no

31、t go to the cinema if it _this afternoon.Awill，will snow B will，snows Cdo，snows Ddo，will snow( )6.Mr Lee said he _ never _to Japan.Ahas，gone B has，been C had，gone Dhad，been( )7.The earth _ around the sun all the year.A has moved B moved Cmoves D will move( )8.He_his bike，he has to walk to school.A l

32、ost B loses C has lost D had lost( )9.I was late for the meeting. When I reached there，all the people_.Ahad left B has been left Chas left Dhad been away( )10.Two years has passed since I _you the first time.Ameet B have met C met Dhad met( )11.I _in Beijing for half a year now.A was Bhave come Chad

33、 come Dhave been( )12.When we _the railway station，the train _for 5 minutes.Agot to，had been away B reached，had leftCarrived，has been away D arrived at，has left( )13.-_ we go and see Liu Ming tomorrow? -Good idea! He _be very pleased.A Will，will B Shall，will C Shall，shall D Will，shall( )14.The story

34、 _in London in1940.A happened B has happened Chappens D was happening( )15.Look，the birds _ towards the south. They _ to the south every year.Aare flying，flies Bfly，are flyingCare flying，fly Dwere flying，flew( )16.How long have you _the book?A bought B borrowed C keep D had( )17.I have _the USA for

35、two months.A been to B gone to C been in D went( )18.We_millions of trees on the hills in a few years' time. Ahave planted Bplanted C will plant D plant ( )19.They_a film this evening.Asee Bare seeing Cshall see Dare going to see( )20.My brother _a League member for three years.A has been B has

36、become C has joined Dwas ( )21.He knew Beijing very well because he _there many times.A had been B went C has been Dwas ( )22.His uncle _the Army two years ago.A joins B joined Chas joined Dhas been in ( )23.He_there already.A arrives B arrived C has arrived D has been ( )24.Please_to me as soon as

37、you _ there.A write，get B wrote，got C writing，get D write，will get( )25.He_some friends and he often _ them during his stay in Tokyo.A has, visits B has, visited C had, visited D had, visits( )26.How often _you _to the park when you were in Tianjin?A do, go B did, go C will, go D have, gone ( )27.Wh

38、at do you_ do tomorrow?A want to B going to C go to D like to( )28.The students _ on a farm for ten days. Then they _ to a factory. Though they _ back at school, they still remembered those famers and workers.A have stayed，went，were B had stayed，go，areC have stayed，go，have been D had stayed，went，wer

39、e( )29.It _ Thursday tomorrow.A is going to be B will going to be C will D will be( )30.I _ him since we last met in 1998.A don't see B haven't seen C didn't see D have seen( )31.My mother often _ clothes last summer.A wash B washes C washed D is washing( )32.He_always late for school wh

40、en he was young.A is B was C will be D were( )33.He usually _to school by bus.Ago B went C goes D will go( )34.Last summer I went to Beijing and _ there for one month.A have stayed B stays C stay D had stayed( )35.Last night, my father _ reading the book for about 2 hours.A keeps B had kept C kept D

41、 has kept( )36.Do you know that sound _ much more slowly than light.A go B went C goes D will go( )37.As soon as he _ home, he will have a bath.A get B will get C gets D is getting( )38.He fell asleep while he _a book. A read B was reading C is reading D had read( )39.Look, someone _a picture on the

42、 blackboard. How beautiful it looks!A draws B is drawing Chas drawn D drew( )40.Look at the empty room. All the guests_.A are, leaving B left C have left D will leave( )41.Look,Susan!What a beautiful dress my mother _me!A is buying B has bought C buys D bought( )42.His father died when he _ a child.

43、A is B was C had been D has been( )43.We arrived after the film_.A has started B had started C was started D had been started( )44.Let's wait till the rain_.A has stopped B will stop C is stopping D stops ( )45.It _5 years since we knew each other.A is B had been C will be D was( )46.She _sad si

44、nce you went away.A has been B is C was D had been( )47.I _him for two months.A got to know B have got to know Chave know Dknew( )48.That's why you _so worried in the last few days.A are B have been C had been D were( )49.The scientist _us a talk on air by then.A gave B will give Cgives D had given( )50._5:30 yesterday，they had finished th work.