英语句子成分(学生版）

1、英语句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 指出下列句子中的主语及它的性质：The rich should help the poor. _We often speak English in class. _To s

2、wim in the river is a great pleasure. _Smoking does harm to the health. _During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. _When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. _One-third of the students in this class are girls. _It is necessary to master a foreig

3、n language. _（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, l

4、ook, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质：Our teacher of English is an American. _Is it yours? _The weather has turned cold. _The speech is exciting. _Three times seven is twenty one? _His job is to teach English. _His hobby is playing football. _The mach

5、ine must be out of order. _Time is up. The class is over. _The truth is that he has never been abroad. （四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质：They went to see an exhibition yesterday. _The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. _How many dictionaries do you have? I have fi

6、ve. _They helped the old with their housework yesterday. _He pretended not to see me. _I enjoy listening to popular music. _I think（that）he is fit for his office. _宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外

7、，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质：His father named him Dongming. _They painted their boat white. _Let the fresh air in. _You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. _We saw her entering the room. _We found everything in the la

8、b in good order. _We will soon make our city what your city is now. _（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质：Guilin is a beautiful city. _China is a developing country; America is a developed country. _There are thirty women teachers is our school. _His rapid progress in English made us surprised.

9、 _Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. _The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. _He is reading an article about how to learn English. _（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。指出下列句子中的状语种类:How about meeting again at six? _Last night she didnt go to the dance party b

10、ecause of the rain. _I shall go there if it doesnt rain. _Mr Smith lives on the third floor. _She put the eggs into the basket with great care. _She came in with a dictionary in her hand. _In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. _He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. _Sh

11、e works very hard though she is old. _I am taller than he is. _（八）同位语 对修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。Tom, my best friend, left for London yesterday.二 英语句子的基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达

12、完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。1.太阳在照耀着。 The sun is shining. 2.月亮升起了。 _ 3.他们谈了半个小时。_ 4.这支笔书写流利。_ 基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持

13、其部分词义。感官动词多可用作连系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 1.这是本英汉辞典。This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. 一切看来都不同了。_ 3. 他的脸红了。_ 基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them等 1.

14、 谁知道答案？Who knows the answer? 2. 他喜欢看书。_3. 我想喝杯茶。_ 基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。_

15、2.他给你带来了一本字典。_3.我给他看我的照片 _基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格 + 名词战争使他成为一名战士. The war made him _.名词/代词宾格 + 形容词新方法使这项工作变得轻松. New methods make the job _. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语我经常发现他在工作. I often find him _.

16、 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式老师让学生们关上窗户. The teacher asked the students _. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词我看见一只猫跑过了马路. I saw a cat _ the road.英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑，定语同位（语）专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAP）句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the class

17、room. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to schoo

18、l by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the

19、 world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really i

20、s. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.On the third floor are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I

21、 am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming pla

22、ying football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the

23、library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week.句子成分练习题( 二 ) 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depends on

24、the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his wife.8.There are many films that

25、 Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was talking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standing up .15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16. Much inte