雅思阅读分类词汇(场景)

1、IELTS阅读分类词汇=阅读分类词汇=心理theorem原理，定理v.s. theorymethodology方法论 (method)physiology 生理学 (physiological)psychiatry精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互关系correlation coefficientsensation感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensationalperception感知，认知intuition知觉 (intuitive)ESP第六感 (Extrasensory Perception)moti

2、vate 激励à motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive激励因素stimulus刺激à stimulate, stimulationdisorder 紊乱，失调dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + functiondissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion) dep

3、ressedv.s. repression (压抑)insomnia 失眠phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy 过敏(症)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card pensity Most boys have a propensity of pl

4、aying with machinery.= tendency, inclinationparanoid 偏执的 paranoia (偏执狂)workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic)symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图)assertive 武断的 (assert)therapy 治疗法group therapyhypnotism 催眠术 ( hypnotize)prescri

5、be 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeà prescription: drugsantidepressant 抗抑郁药tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil)side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的，免除的 (immunity)rehabilitation 复原，康复relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic 慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty 青春发动期adolescence 青春期 (the time of life

6、 between puberty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective 情感的 (affection)sane 神智健全的 insanesuperstition 迷信superstitioustelepathy 传心术，通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistryapathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference)sympathy: sym(same) + pathypathology 病理学，病理，病变delusion 迷惑，欺瞒v.s. illusiondisori

7、entation迷失 (dis + orientation) disorientedpervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者perversionintrospection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省)sublimation 纯化，升华sublimepersonality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute 属性 (à attributable)trait 特征，品质nat

8、ional traits 国民性vs. traitor=阅读分类词汇=科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的à versatilityalchemy 炼金术transmute 变形，变质transmute silver into gold (!)arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金aluminum = aluminium (BE) calcium

9、, uranium, radium,copper, brass, bronzeelectrode 电极distill 蒸馏 distilled waterquartz 石英phosphorus 磷，磷光物质inflammable 易燃的 ( flame)combustion 燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate 隔离，绝缘insulator ( conductorfiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)optics

10、 光学 (à optical)retina 视网膜iris 虹膜opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary 二进制的integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer 缓冲区buffer storagebrowser 浏览器 (IE, Netscape)hypertext 超文本envisage 想象，看作 en + vis(

11、see) + age be envisaged as momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentaryreticular 网状的Ethernet 以太网domain 域 domain namescyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological 按时间顺序的 “chron”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot 机器人(

12、“肉包它”) roboticsartificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smilecone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missileJupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugalhigh-rise 高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral 大教堂dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure 基础设施 su

13、perstructuresewage 污水，下水道hydraulic 水力的，水压的landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclearprefabricate 预先制造 prefab (预制的)polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric 几何(学)的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym

14、(same) + metry() symmetryconcave 凹的 convexbilateral 双边的，两方面的 unilateralparadoxical “似非而是”的 paradox (悖论)empirical 经验的empirical law/formulaclockwise 顺时针的 ( anticlockwise=阅读分类词汇=教育accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and boardlodging 寄宿(处)lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. renttenant 房客，佃户landlord 房东 à land

15、lady(f)ß Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocalreciprocal 相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotelreal estate 房地产vicinity = neighborhoodflat 平的，瘪的 f

16、lat tire公寓(= apartment) condo, studiobond = depositlinen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen)utensil 器皿stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry 洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐厅 canteencater 满足(需要)aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: airbadminton 羽毛球(运动)baseball 棒球 baseball batsquash 壁球(运动)amateur professionalgathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reun

17、ionexcursion 远足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth 共和国，联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary à secondary à tertiarypost-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral,

18、 post-sale, postwarilliterate 文盲 不识字的il(no) + literate(words)à illiteracy ( literacydiscipline 学科，纪律v.s. subjectterminology 术语faculty department and staff of a college/universitydean (大学)教务长curriculum 课程 (= course)à extracurricular 课外的syllabus 课程提纲calendar 日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetab

19、le)compulsory 强制的，必修的 elective (选修的)examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige 声望，威信à prestigiousesteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation 录取入学vocation 职业 (= calling, occupa

20、tion, career) à vocational vocational educationTAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation 缩略(词) abridge (缩短，删节)transferable (学分等)可转换的scholarship 奖学金= fellowshiptutorial 辅导(课)ß tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy (教育学，教学法) demagogue (政治煽动家)lexicography

21、词典编撰 (à lexicographer)assignment 任务，(课外)作业dissertation 论文 (= thesis)credential 证明，文凭 “cred”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni 校友(男) alumnaeoverestimate 高估 ( underestimatedecipher 解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber 才干=阅读分类词汇=文化homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homo

22、sexual, heterosexualmainstream 主流 主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视racial/sexual discriminationß discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (ß

23、insular, island).microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 ( traitorà patriotic, patriotismcompatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s

24、. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + ercelebrity a

25、famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事 (à anecdotal)notoriety 恶名 (ß notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Whos George Bushs counterpart in China counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人 凝视，窥视( peep)subordinate 下级 下级的 superiortactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略) marketing strategy v.s. sellin

26、g tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的 (à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancy

27、downsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and fromwhich the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 ( qualitativecontingency 偶然性，偶然事件i

28、ncur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 (ß manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown,

29、outskirts)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚 chicbizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 ( diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entrée, a la carte=雅思阅读分类词汇=-生物/生理molecule 分子à molecularcell cellularamino à amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts

30、 inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst 催化剂chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis)à photosyntheticbotany 植物学 ( zoologyà botanist, botanicalflora 植物群fauna 动物群bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb à herbal: teaà herbi

31、cide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation 康乃馨à reincarnationfade 凋谢，褪色organism 机体，组织ß organarthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid ()reptile 爬行动物amphibian 两栖动物mammal 哺乳动物 (ß mamma!)primate 灵长目动物evolution 进化 (ß evolve)anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropy v.s. ape,

32、gorilla, chimpanzeegene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组)genetics 遗传学 (à genetical)helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanitys DNAidentical 同一的 identity (à ID card) clonemutation 突变 gene mutationà mutable, immutable, mutantpredator 捕食者 ( prey

33、embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽的)roe 鱼子 caviar (鱼子酱)tadpole 蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球butterfly v.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen 花粉 传粉à pollinate, pollinationhive

34、 蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lavapupa 蛹à pupatepenguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)cerebral (大)脑的hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex 脑皮层migraine 偏头疼ß migrantsomatic 躯体的limb 四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解

35、剖，剖析paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery 动脉 ( veingland 腺体pancreas 胰hormone 荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol胆固醇efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness=雅思阅读分类词汇=环境问题conservation 保护，保存 (ß conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 (alkaliacid raincarbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal

36、(炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gasozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze 渗出 渗出物radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gasessolar 太阳的 (solar energy)

37、lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon 现象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysmdeterioration 恶化 (ß deteriorate)extinction 灭绝 (ß extinct)species endangered speciesdrought 干旱 ( “找它”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate 淹没 “淹掉它”embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)se

38、diment 沉积（物）= depositdelta 三角洲the Pearl River Deltaalluvial 冲积的desertification (v.s. dessert)dust-storm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dune sand dune the game “DUNE”!attributable 归因于be attributable todeforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestationlog 原木，日志 伐木v.s.

39、 logovegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat 栖息地ß habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system) ecologyviability ß viable “vi”: life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact offorestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic 人口统计的 demo(people)

40、 + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism 机理，机制precipitation 陡降，降水 (ß precipice) evaporationcirculation 流通，循环tide à tidal wave (海啸) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology 气象(学)volcano 火山eruption 喷发

41、(ß erupt)volcanic eruption lavagranite 花岗岩imminent = impending v.s. eminentCelsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit 华氏的latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitudetropical ß (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier 冰川dump 倾倒，倾销à anti-dumpingcontaminate 弄脏 (à c

42、ontaminant)recycle 回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable)reclaim 开垦，改造 à reclamationcontentious 有争议的 (ß contend)Many environmental issues today are highlycontentious.opt 选择(+ for) à optionprioritize 优先考虑 (ß prior, priority)=雅思分类词汇=医院mental hospital 精神病医院 clinic诊所 physician/intern

43、ist 内科医生 oculist/eye doctor眼科医生 surgon 外科医生 dentist牙医 vet兽医 shrink心理医生 symptom 症状 have/catch a cold 感冒 have a sore throat 嗓子痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a fever 发烧 pneumonia 肺炎 flu 流感 have a cough 咳嗽have a headache头痛 have a toothache牙痛liver trouble 肝炎 allergy 过敏症twisted/sprained扭伤的 feel dizzy 头晕feel

44、 chilly 觉得发冷 asthma 哮喘diabetics糖尿病患者 cramps抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐 diarrhea腹泻vomitive/pukey恶心的 luggies/phlegm痰have a stuffed nose鼻子不通 cholera霍乱stiff neck脖子发僵 abscess脓肿yellow fever黄热病 hay fever枯草热pills药丸 mixture合剂eyedrops眼药水 syrup糖浆pad药棉块 vitamin维他命tablet药片 penicillin盘尼西林antibiotic抗生素 ointment药膏m

45、edication药物 aspirin阿司匹林bandage绷带 syringe注射器stethoscope听诊器 injection注射preventive injection预防针 gauze纱布cold cure感冒药 sweating medicine发汗药febrifuge退烧药 capsule胶囊case history病历 extract拔牙take one's temperature量体温 see a doctor看病send for a doctor请医生 feel one's pulse量脉搏take one's blood pressure量血压g

46、ive a prescription开药方have an operation 动手术 make an appointment预约=雅思分类词汇=生活咨询make a reservation预定 confirm a reservation确认预定cancel one's reservation取消预定 frist come,frist serve先到先服务原则layover/stopover中途停留 timetable时刻表fare票价 toll通行费 saver ticket优惠票 open ticket开放机票one-way ticket单程票 round-trip ticket往返

47、票airport tax机场税 duty-free shop免税店excess charge超重 vacant seat空座 direct/non-stop flight直达航班 connecting-flight转机book预定 destination目的地frist class头等仓 business class商务仓economy class经济仓 van中巴shuttle bus班车 airport limousine机场大巴berth铺位（火车上） pullman卧铺车scenic spot景点 extra charge/surcharge附加费fulling-booked满了 se

48、at arrangement/assignment定座E.T.A(estimated time of arrival)预计到达时间E.T.D(estimated time of departure)预计起飞时间常用句型I'd like to book_?I'd like to order_?Waht hour are you open_?waht time do you open/close_? =雅思分类词汇=银行交易1）常用词汇bank book/pass book存折 open an account开户earn interest赚取利息 savings account储蓄

49、存款帐户current account活期存款帐户 check/cheque account支票帐户deposit account定期存款帐户 annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月计息帐户 daily interest account按天计息帐户instant account速成户头 service charge服务费/手续费signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw提款 order check/cheque记名支票 rubber check/cheque空头支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exc

50、hange rate汇率denomination=face value面额 four in hundred四张一百元面额give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill钞票 change零钱cash现金 password/code密码amount in figures小写金额 amount in words大写金额credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帐户余额 travelers check/chque旅行支票 coin硬币penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币dime（美、加）的十分硬币 un

51、it 货币单位 value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅 commercial/merchant bank商业银行 full refund全额偿还extension延期 overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣 payday发薪日pay slip/envelop薪水单 a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款mortgage抵押 by installment分期付款apply for/grant_a loan申请/批准贷款debt债务 collateral担保物fill out/in填写 chquebook/checkbook支票簿

52、loan贷款 joint account联名帐户expense account公款支付帐户 cashier收银员teller银行职员 statement对帐单money order汇票 accountant会计 A.T.M自动取款机常用句型Id like to open a_account.Id like to check the present balance in _account.Id like to apply for a personal loan.Id like to change(兑换)_for_.Whats the current rate?How would you like

53、 to receive your change（零钱）?还有时常会考到银行的开放时间，一般是几点到几点？还有周末或许不同（注意）=雅思分类词汇=教育这个场景比较复杂，因为考的内容会很广泛，包括：新生入学报到场景、课程设置及规定介绍场景、家庭作业分析场景、课堂演示场景日常生活咨询场景等。 1）由于中外学校结构差异造成一定程度上的做题困难国外大学结构及官衔president（大学校长） Universitydean（学校分院长） College/schoolhead of the faculty Facultyhead of the division Divisionchairman Departmentprincipal中学校长headmaster小学校长headmistress小学校长（女）2） 新生入学及入学后大致过程顺序原则register/enrole(登记、报到) 一般会student union officeopening ceremony（开学典礼）orientation meeting（介绍会）指学校综合情况 lecture（报告）tutorial（一个学