毕业论文基于PLC的车库自动门控制系统的设计

1、 学校代码：10904 机械工程测试技术课程设计车库自动门的设计姓 名：学 号：指导教师：院系(部所)：机电工程学院专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化完成日期：2014/12/23摘 要随着汽车产业的发展，人们对车库的需求量日益增长。 对车库门自动控制是今后车库向智能化发展的必然趋势。本文主要阐述了车库自动门的设计思想与程序编制,对该系统进行了各方面的分析，对各方面要求的系统加以详细叙述，控制的说明、系统流程图、外部接线图、梯形图必要的文字说明介绍了以PLC为应用的车库自动门的系统软件设计。此系统对车库的管理有很大的帮助、对疏导交通流量、提高道路通行能力有明显的效果，有很大的实用价值。由于科学技术

2、的日新月异，我们的生活发生了巨大的变化。一个智能化、自动化的社会已经开始呈现于我们的眼前，这为我们提供了非常多的便利。其中自动门就是自动化进程中的一个典型代表，此设计就是运用所学的知识，结合实际需要而进行研究的。为了增强自动门运行的可靠性,提出了一种以S7-200可编程序控制器(PLC)为核心的自动门控制系统。分析了该控制系统的工作原理,描述了系统的硬件组成,介绍了人体感应探测、自动门运行位置检测、门运行障碍检测等控制电路的工作过程,对PLC的选型及I/O点的确定进行了说明。结合PLC的运行特点,对控制系统的工作流程作了合理的优化。在此基础上,采用结构化的编程方法,给出了主程序模块、开门子程序

3、模块、关门子程序模块的程序流程图。系统已通过硬件和软件调试,在实际中获得了应用。应用结果表明,整个系统功能完善,性能可靠。 结合PLC的运行特点，对控制系统的工作流程作了合理的优化。在此基础上，给出了控制系统软件设计的程序流程图、顺序功能图、外部端子接线图及PLC控制梯形图等。本设计介绍应用可编程控制器取代传统的继电器、接触器控制系统，实现自动门控制的过程。【关键字】可编程控制器 S7-200 自动门 控制系统目 录引言4第一章 方案设计51.1功能需求分析51.2自动门的结构51.3控制方案5第二章 硬件设计62.1 控制器的选型62.2 驱动装置的选型62.3 限位开关62.4 电子锁6第

4、三章 软件设计73.1控制方案73.2 I/073.3 PLC外围73.4 程序流程图83.5梯形图9结 论10致 谢12参考文献13引 言随着经济的发展，现在拥有汽车的国人越来越多，对好的车库门的需求也在不断增大，同时外国先进的车库门不断的占领中国市场，国产的车库门还处于落后状态。车库自动门性能优劣主要取决于它的控制装置，早期的车库自动门控制系统采用继电器逻辑控制，造成安装繁琐、体积大、不稳定、不易维修等缺点已逐渐被淘汰。本设计主要是针对别墅型车库自动门的自动开关控制而论，自动门控制装置系统有检测元件、可编程控制器（PLC）、电动机、电子锁组成。第一章 方案设计1.1功能需求分析随着汽车产业

5、的发展，人们对车库的需求量日益增长。车库门自动控制是今后车库向智能化发展的必然趋势。自动门在国外早已得到普遍的应用，在我国也以优异的性能逐步得到大家的认同，中国已迎来了自动们发展的黄金时期目前自动门及其自动化行业最稳定的控制装置是PLC，它是一种专门为在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。运用PLC控制自动门具有较高的可靠性、维修方便等优点。由此看来，进行车库自动门的PLC控制系统设计，可以推动自动门行业的发展，扩大PLC在自动门行业乃至整个自动化行业的应用，具有一定的经济和理论研究价值。1.2自动门的结构主控制器：它是自动门的指挥中心，通过内部编有指令程序的大规模集成块，发出相应指

6、令、指挥马达或电锁类系统工作；同时人们通过主控制器调节门扇开启速度、开启幅度等参数。感应探测器：负责采集外部信号，如同人们的眼睛，当有移动的物体进入它的工作范围时，它就给主控制器一个脉冲信号；动力马达：提供开门与关门的主动力，控制门扇加速与减速运行。门扇行运轨道：就像火车的铁轨，约束门扇的吊具走轮系统，使其按特定方向进行。门扇吊具走轮系统：用于吊挂活动门扇，同时在动力牵引下带动门扇运行。同步皮带：用于传输马达所产动力，牵引门扇吊具走轮系统。下部导向系统：是门扇下部的导向与定位装置，防止门扇在运行时出现前后门体摆动。1.3控制方案当车到达车库门口时，用电子锁打开车库库门，电动机正传卷帘门打开。碰

7、到上限位开关时，电动机停止转动。当汽车进入到车库里时，按下电子锁关门，电动机反转关闭卷帘门。碰到下限位开关，电动机停止反转库门关闭。当车要出车库时，用电子锁打开车库库门，电动机正传卷帘门打开。碰到上限位开关时，电动机停止转动。当开出车库门口时，按下电子锁关门，电动机反转关闭卷帘门。碰到下限位开关，电动机停止反转库门关闭。第二章 硬件设计2.1控制器PLC目前主要的品牌有：美国AB，比利时ABB，松下，西门子，汇川，三菱，欧姆龙，台达，富士，施耐德，信捷 创研等。本设计中采用西门子公司的S7-200型PLC,其优越的性能表现为极高的可靠性极丰富的指令集，易于掌握，便捷的操作，丰富的内置集成功能，

8、实时特性，强劲的通讯能力，丰富的扩展模块。2.2 驱动装置的选型 自动门的驱动器是自动门能否良好工作的保障。在本设计中是运用直流无刷电机。直流无刷电机功率密度高，噪音极小、调速性能好，即具备交流电动机的结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便等优点，又具备直流电动机线性机械特性、调速范围宽、启动转矩大、运行效率高等诸多优点。是应用于“轻、小、薄、安静、精密、可靠”等场合的最佳选择本设计选用的是亚坦电机控制有限公司生产的45BLDC系列直流无刷电机，电机直径45，额定转数800转，功500W600W。额定电压240V DC。2.3 限位开关 保护环节我采用限位开关，限位开关又称行程开关，是一种利用生产机械某

9、些运动部件的碰撞来发出控制命令的主令电器。用于控制生产机械的运动方向、速度、行程大小或位置的一种自动控制器件。 限位开关广泛应用于各类机床、起重机械以及轻工机械的行程控制。当生产机械运动到某一运动位置时，行程开关通过机械可动部分的动作，将机械信号转化为电信号，以实现对生产机械的控制，限制它们的动作和位置，借此对生产机械给以必要的保护。2.4 电子锁本设计采用按键式电子锁。按键式电子锁：采用键盘输入开锁密码，操作方便如果密码正确，则驱动电磁执行器开锁。如果密码不正确，则允许操作人员重新输入密码，最多可输入三次;如果三次都不正确，则发出警报。第三章 软件设计3.1控制方案 按下电子锁开关I0.0，

10、电动机正转卷帘门打开。当电动机正转碰到上限位开关I0.1时，电动机停止转动卷帘门停止打开。汽车开始驶进车库。全部进入后，按下电子锁I0.3关门，电动机反转卷帘门开始关闭。当到达下限位开关I0.2时，电动机停止转动，卷帘门关闭完成。如此循环运行。3.2 I/O分配表 根据控制要求，输入输出分配表如下所示输 入输 出名称功能及作用编号名称功能及作用编号SB1电子锁开门I0.0M1电动机正传（开门）Q0.0SQ1上限位开关I0.1SQ2下限位开关I0.2M2电动机反转（关门）Q0.1SB2电子锁关门I0.3表3.2输入输出分配表3.3 PLC外部接线图图3.3 外部接线图3.4 程序流程图图3.4

11、车库自动门控制流程图3.5 PLC梯形图的设计结束语 本课题研究了基于PLC的车库自动门控制系统的设计原理与实现方法，包括硬件设计与软件设计。不仅在理论上论证了该系统实施的可行性，而且在实验中进行了模拟调试。 虽说调试后本系统的整体设计能够达到实际要求，但在实际应用中还应结合实际情况，考虑各部分的容量及其技术参数，供电电源的设计、系统接地问题、电缆设计与铺设、PLC输出端保护等问题，已使系统达到安全可靠的工作，所以要想交付用户使用，必须得通过现场调试。这就又给我们提出了更高层次的问题，毕竟一个较好的和较完善的应用软件不是在短时间内就可以完成的它需要不断的完善和发展，需要我们做大量的工作和时间的

12、检验。现在的系统还没有达到真正的智能化，还需要正增加很多新的功能和先进的科学技术，才能达到真正意义上的智能化控制。 虽然现在自动门广泛地使用PLC作为控制元件，但单片机等更为便宜，所以，应该在现有的基础上开发利用单片机等控制的自动门系统。而且现有的故障诊断很不全面，应该增加主动性预防诊断，可使系统在发生故障之前，我们就可以预见故障、排除故障，使运行中的故障率降低到最低水平，保障自动门安全可靠运转。 最终，就是以信息技术为主，通过先进使用技术，提升传统自动门制造业，强化产、学、研的有效结合，尽快实现技术引进和自主创新相结合的模式，建立和完善技术开发体系，全力提升自动门制造层次和水平。致谢历时半载

13、，从课程设计从选题到搜集资料，从开题报告、写初稿到反复修改，期间经历了喜悦、聒噪、痛苦和彷徨，在设计的过程中心情是如此复杂。如今，伴随着这篇毕业论文的最终成稿，复杂的心情烟消云散，自己甚至还有一点成就感。通过对车库自动门控制系统的软件设计，在学习与设计过程中，了解所设计工程的工艺流程，从而完成了对自动门系统的软件设计，同时，对于自动门硬件，也知道了一些周边技术，扩充了知识面，增强对工艺的理解。我的这篇毕业设计论文的完成，本文的构思、规划设计撰写得到了同学们的悉心帮助外,最重要的是感谢指导老师卢纪丽。她无论是在室内资料整理还是在课题设计等各个方面都给予了大量的指导和帮助，令我不但完成了论文，也学

14、到了许多书本上学不到的知识，受益匪浅，特致以深深的感谢。其次要感谢各位专业课老师的帮助，他们为我提供了大量资料及室内实验给与指导，使论文得以顺利完成。在此对帮助过我的各位老师致以诚挚的感谢。值此课题完成之际，谨向所有曾为我帮助和指导老师、同学和朋友们致以衷心的感谢！参考文献【1】 PLC技术应用 机械工业出版社 主编 廖常初 【2】PLC控制系统设计与调试 人民邮电出版社 主编 王成福【3】例说西门子PLC S7-200 人民邮电出版社 编著 李晓宁 【4】西门子S7-200CNPLC编程技术及工程应用 电子工业出版社 作者 高正中 张仁彦 隋涛 【5】西门子S7-200从入门到实践 电子工业

15、出版社 作者 李方园 【6】Auto CAD 2008中文版电气制图教程 化学工业出版社 作者 杨雨松 【7】机械工程测量技术基础 机械工业出版社 主编 熊诗波 黄长艺a您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A national survey was recently launched to evaluate the eye health of Chinese children andteenagers.On J

16、une 6, China's annual National Day for Eye Care, the China Youth Development ServiceCenter and Zhejiang Medicine, a leading listed Chinese pharmaceutical company, jointlyannounced&#

17、160;the kickoff of the survey.In about one month, a questionnaire compiled by top eye care medical experts in China willbe distributed through multiple online partners, includ

18、ing H, as well asthrough offline survey events held in universities, middle schools and primary schools acrossthe country.A report will be released based on the survey st

19、atistics and analysis, and most importantly,guidelines for parents and youth on how to care for the eyes and prevent myopia  agrowing problem in China's digitized soc

20、iety, will also be attached on the report."Myopia is not only a disease that makes people see things blurrily, but also leads to severecomplications, such as glaucom

21、a (increased pressure within the eyeball), and can causeblindness," said Zhou Yuehua, an established eye care specialist with Beijing TongrenHospital."It is very important for

22、 parents and children to know about the risk and care for their eyes."There are about 450 million myopia patients in China. Among Chinese myopia patients,30million a

23、re severe patients, according to ZhouThe prevalence of myopia among high school and college students is more than 70 percent,and the situation is continuously worsening, he

24、60;added.Sun Zhu, director with the China Youth Development Service Center, said long hours ofstudy, lack of exercise, especially outdoor activities, and attachment to electronic s

25、creen aresome of the top reasons behind the widespread myopia problems, and the increase ofyounger patients, although China has made great progress in improving the hardwarefa

26、cilities and lighting conditions in schools.He said he hopes the survey will alert people on the threatening situation, and also helpmedical experts to better guideline parent

27、s and children's behaviors to care for eyes, basedon the timely and factual statistics the survey collected.A series of follow-up events will also be held in six 

28、;cities, including Jinan in Shandongprovince, and Changsha in Hunan province, to educate people on how to care for eyes afterthe survey started. More and more Chinese are jogging to get and stay

29、fit. Most joggers will run alone, but some will jog with friends or even coaches. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is one of the most popular spots. It is packed with runners in the afternoon, usually after work, and at weekends. Jogging after a whole day's work can be a way to unwind. It is true

30、 for He Wenjun, whose workplace is right near the forest park. She discovered her athletic aptitude at the age of seven, when she began playing tennis. Then she turned to jogging, and she has persevered with it for 10 years. "I come to jog almost every day after work, whenever I have time. I th

31、ink jogging is good for my health. And for me, a girl, it helps me to achieve to eternal goal, to keep slim," He said. He says she prefers jogging alone, so she can focus better. She loves jogging, even during Beijing's smoggy days. "If the smog is severe, I'll hold off jogging for

32、 a while. But if I really want to get away from work, I'll wear a mask, or just ignore the smog and go on jogging," she said. For those who are not so athletic, jogging also has its attractions. Wu Houbin started roughly two years ago, when he was severely obese. Within two months, his weig

33、ht dropped from 82 kilograms to 64 kilograms. The success helped him recover health, and he has made friends. "Jogging does not require speed, but stamina. If you want to stick to the game, you need to take it as a mission, a habit, and then eventually a hobby," Wu said. But persevering wi

34、th jogging is not always easy. Jogging is beneficial for heart-lung function, and the skeletal system, but doctors say improper technique damages the joints, especially the knees and ankles. "Excessive jogging wears down the body, and harms one's health. Poor technique harms the muscles and

35、 skeleton, and can cause secondary injures. And, jogging in a bad environment can cause circulation problems," said Lu Zhiyong, attending doctor, Sports Hospital, General Admin. of Sports.Dr. Lu has some tips for joggers, and those who are thinking of taking it up.He says people should first ev

36、aluate their physical condition, to decide the amount and type of exercise, and jogging in the open air is better running on a treadmill. Conrad Macao will run special programs for the entire month of October this year to support the Hong Kong Cancer Fund's Pink Revolution, an annual campaign th

37、at seeks to raise awareness and funds for breast cancer research, the hotel recently announced. A major sponsor of the campaign for three years in a row, Conrad Macao has pledged to donate a portion of its proceeds to the fund, including those collected from selling its popular bear and rubber duck

38、merchandise, in limited pink editions. Pink is the theme for floral arrangements and decorations in the hotel in October. In addition, on Fridays that month, members of the management and staff will add something pink to their uniforms, regular e-mails and handwritten guest cards. "Breast cance

39、r is the most prevalent type of cancer among women in Hong Kong and is also of significant concern in Macao and around the world, regardless of age," general manager Bede Barry said in a statement. The hotel has enlisted the support of a number of international and local celebrities to help dri

40、ve the cause, including South Korean actor Jung Suk Won. This year, a lucky guest who stays at the hotel during the campaign and also donates money for the cause will win a necklace specially designed by Arte Madrid, a Spanish jewelry brand. Women should strive to balance quality of work and life, a

41、nd have children at a young age. As a doctor I see much suffering because of this imbalance. Xiao Ying, 36, works for a large law firm. Her job means lots of travel, a heavy caseload and a large number of meetings, so her schedule is hectic. She has been pregnant twice, but had abortions on both occ

42、asions because she felt her busy, high-pressure career wasn't conducive to raising a child. She planned to have children once she had achieved career success so she could provide a stable environment for her baby. After 10 years, Xiao felt the time was right, and she tried to conceive for about

43、six months, but was unable to become pregnant. I conducted comprehensive physical checkups. The results suggested that Xiao's ovarian function has declined and a bilateral oviduct blockage has occurred, meaning that in vitro fertilization is her only option. So, after reducing her workload, Xiao

44、 underwent IVF treatment. Luckily, she got pregnant after just one treatment cycle, but later experienced vaginal bleeding, and rushed to the hospital. I told her to rest and carry on with the treatment (to prevent a miscarriage). As Zubin Zarthoshtimanesh, a yoga guru, demonstrated postures at a hi

45、gh school stadium in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan province, some 200 students sat on colorful mats watching him closely. It was part of the first India-China international yoga festival in the provincial capital, Chengdu, in Southwest China, where more than 1,000 fans from home and abroad gathered for l

46、essons from 20 leading practitioners of the ancient Indian regimen, from June 17-21. Yoga is to India what perhaps tai chi is to China. Many countries other than India and China, also held the first World Yoga Day on June 21, after the United Nations last year agreed to Indian Prime Minister Narendr

47、a Modi's suggestion that a special day be marked in the year for the global practice of the stress-busting regimen, which is already a multibillion dollar industry in the United States. Modi said in the speech: "Yoga is an invaluable gift of India's ancient tradition. . It is not about

48、exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and nature."Zarthoshtimanesh, who runs his own yoga center, Iyengar Yogabhyasa, in the Indian financial capital of Mumbai, says: "Chinese students are very respectful. For me, all students are the same no matter what th

49、eir race is and where they come from. The most important thing is to remove mental walls." Zarthoshtimanesh learned yoga from the late Yogacharya Iyengar and traveled with the master to different countries. Consulate General of India in southern China's Guangzhou city organized the Chengdu

50、festival. A terrifying wooden bridge in China has just been replaced by a glass one. This, the worlds longest glass-bottomed walkway, is located in Shiniuzhai Geopark in Hunan, and spans 300m (984f) and is 180m (590f) above ground. The floor is made of double-layered glass that is 24mm (0.94in), and

51、 is reportedly 25 times stronger than regular window glass. The bridge had previously been made of wood, linking the two peaks of Stone Buddha Mountain, but 11 engineers working 12 hours a day converted it to glass. Previously, you were considered brave if you steeled yourself to cross the wooden wa

52、lkway; now, with its glass bottom, the bridge is already being referred to as “hero bridge.” The popular chain's longtime executive chef embraces mapo tofu and other exotic elements for the burger-driven menu, Liu Zhihua reports.At the age of 37, Shanghai native Lin Zhengu has become a star as a

53、 Western cuisine chef in the Chinese metropolis, a city that has a wealth of Western restaurants. The executive chef of Blue Frog Bar and Grill, a popular burger-based restaurant and bar chain on the Chinese mainland, Lin is the soul of the restaurant franchise's team of more than 550 chefs. Man

54、y of the franchise's most popular dishes are his brainchild. Lin says his secret of success is innovation rooted in experience: He spends months every year traveling and eating worldwide, seeking new ingredients and inspirations that could improve the offerings of Blue Frog restaurants. The restaurant chain regularly launches a new seasonal menu, usually featuring eight new dishes with fresh ingredients. The best-selling seasonal dishes later replace the least popular items on the regular menu, which is usually updated in late fall and boasts a