初三现在完成时讲义

1、期末试卷分析及现在完成时专题训练教学目的1、学会做试卷分析，真正掌握考点知识；2、现在完成时的用法。3、激发学生学习兴趣，帮助其养成良好的学习习惯，树立学习自信心。重点难点重点：1、for 和 since 的区别；难点：1、短暂性动词转化成延续性动词； 2、学会做试卷分析，真正掌握考点知识；教学内容课前一句教师寄语 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竞成。 播下一个行动，收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。老师真心希望你越来越优秀！加油，茹雪！期末试卷分析 1、试卷哪部分失分多？ 2、失分原因是什么？ 3、如

2、何补救？课前回顾 上节课学了哪些知识： 智能梳理 现在完成时（Present perfect）：（1） 过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，（2） 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 考点一：现在完成时的基本结构一、基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. 否定句：主语+have/has+ not+动词的过去分词+宾语. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 考点二：现在完成时的含义二、意义

3、解析：（1） 强调动作是过去发生的； （2） 强调对现在的影响或结果； Eg: I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has cleaned the blackboard.(含义是:现在黑板已经干净了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 考点三：现在完成时的基本用法三、用法：（一）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just,

4、before, once, twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。 I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了)（二）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即for +时间段，since+时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，谓语只可用延续性动词。 具体如下：for+时间段 five yearssince+过去一个时间点 last year / 199

5、8（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago two years agosince+从句（过去时） I was ten years old.Eg:Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注意： 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词).如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，f

6、or+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。Eg： I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.().I left Shanghai three days ago. () It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.()初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有: leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die,

7、 join, become等。终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：1. 将时间状语改为时间段 + ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。 Eg: My brother joined the army two years ago.  我弟弟参军两年了。 2. 若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 考点四：短暂性动词如何变为延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open

8、 die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow- keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join- be a member ofjoin the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother h

9、as been in the army for two years.My brother has been a soldier for two years. 考点五：have been to 与have gone to 的区别（三）现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at，1、have been to 表示去过某处，现在回来了。 表示某人的一种经历，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) 2、have gone to 去某地了，说话时某

10、人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) 3、been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 考点六：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago last

11、time, last night等连用。一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：I bought a car yesterday.即学即练 当堂过关我最行 一、用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday5. Mary_(lose) her pen.

12、_ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty?-No ,I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. My father _ (read) the novel twice.10. I _(买)this car for over three years.能力提升 步步提升我最棒 二、 单项选择。（ ）1 .How long _ he _ ? A. was, died B. has, d

13、ied C. has, been dead D. did, die（ ）2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been（ ）4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has bee

14、n on D. began（ ）5Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D .changed ; better（ ）6.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying（ ）7.We _ Xiao

15、Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew（ ）8.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see（ ）9.These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they

16、gone （ ）10._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish归纳总结 学生自己总结：（这节课我学到了什么？） 过关测试 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ;

17、done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish ( ) 2. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made ( ) 3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived ( ) 4. It _ ten years sin

18、ce he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was ( ) 5. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been ( ) 6. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been ( )7、Both his parents look sad . Mayb

19、e they _what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know ( )8、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )9、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago ( )10、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was wri

20、ting .wrote .has written 1. My grandfather has lived with us_ last year.2. This house has been empty _ over a year.3. Mr Green has taught us English_ he came here last year.4. Uncle Wang has worked in the factory _ it opened.5. The twins have been in China _ three years ago.课后作业They go to the seasid

21、e _ a week every July Homework： 1. 熟记本次课所讲的语法点，认真完成讲义上的作业； 2. 将课上所做的错题整理到错题本上； 3. 下次课前做好复习，上课听写。作业目的：检测你对在课堂上所学知识的掌握情况；作业检查：对你学习成果的肯定，发现问题帮助你解决，以取得更好的成绩；作业要求: 字迹工整，审题仔细，作答认真，遇到不会的问题一定要做笔记找老师寻求帮助。 作业：1、学唱一首英文歌，看一部英文电影（最好是动画片）； 2、复习这次及前两次课讲义，整理课上讲的知识点到错题本上； 3、认真完成下面的作业。 ( )11、Our country _ a lot so fa

22、r . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better ( )12、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying ( )13、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had

23、known . have known . knew ( )14、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )15、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )16、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a m

24、oment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish ( )17、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( )18、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become

25、 . have made ( ) 19、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . Arrived ( )20、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began ( )21、It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was ( )22、Miss Green isn't in the office .

26、 she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )23、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been ( )24、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they ( )25、_ has Mr White been a member of

27、Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived . 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义

28、句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to F

29、rance.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ （A） VISIT THE EAST GARDEN ZOOCome and see the new polar bears from Canada. The pandas are waiting to meet you, and the dolphins are waiting to swim for you. The cranes are waiting to sing for you and the mynahs are waitin

30、g to say hello to you. The snakes are waiting to dance for you.Tickets Adults(成人): $4 children: Over 12 $2 Under 12 $1Opening Time 9:0016:00 on weekdays 9:3017:00 at weekendsKEEP THE ZOO CLEAN! DO NOT FEED THE ANIMALS（ ）1. Where do the polar bears come from? A. They come from China B. They come from

31、 England C. They come from the USA. D. They come from Canada.（ ）2. When can you visit the zoo? A. At 4:30 in the afternoon on Saturdays B. At 8:30 in the morning on Wednesday C. At 9:00 in the evening on Mondays D. At 9:00 in the morning on Sundays.（ ）3. You may not know the word “mynah”, but you ca

32、n guess it is good at _. A. singing B. dancing C. speaking D. listening（ ）4. What should a visitor do in the East Garden Zoo? A. Play with the animals B. Leave no litter C. Feed the animals D. Go near the animals（ ）5. Mrs. Smith wants to take her 4-year-old son and 10-year-old daughter to the zoo. H

33、ow much should she pay? A. $4 B. $6 C. $7 D. $8 “Cool” is a word with many meanings. It means a little cold at first. As time changes, the word gets many different meanings. We can use “cool” when we talk about something wonderful or somebody looking smart. For example. When you see a beautiful and expensive car in the street, you can say, “It is cool.” You may think the famous film star Keanu Reeves is cool. You can also use the word to mean something new and surprising. Here is an example. One day a teacher took the students to a farm and