生态城可持续发展中心

1、淘宝专业学术杂志店城可持续发展中心CAOFEIDIAN SUSTAINABILITY CENTRE/Anna Hessle译/Translated by ZHAI Aihua背景名为“晶体”的可持续发展城的象征，表现其将对各类使用者开放，并为之提供一个：包括环境摘要：名为“晶体”的可持续发展中心是实现城环境目标的关键组成部分。它将通过其和功能，展示未成为国际专业、设计师师、工程师、开发商、决策者、及环境方面的可持续居民及者。这奠定了“中心”成为宝贵的反馈圈上来可持续发展技术，传递与城原则一致的远景，并监督新城的建设和发展。坐落在毗邻新城行政中心的上“，中城市发展的基本原则“。中心”的使命是通过

2、临时展览及重要一员的地位，在此各类信息、研究和对城已完心”将成为城发展及中国可持续城市发展首创实践的标常设展览展示尖端的与环境技术，通过公众教育传成阶段的评估将通告的发展（图2）。递可持续发展的原则，并通过整合的设计示范可持续发展的目标与具体目标可持续发展中心的目标有3个层面：（1）强调影响志性象征“。晶体”与周围景观整合，示范了可持续发展技术及系统；以其低能源需求成为节能的典范，同时展的气候中性图1）。这个气候中性力求展示的循环模人类健康、安全和生活质量的所有素；（2）为全球可持续发展实践与和因示可再生能源技术的实践“。中心”以其独特的示创新的节能环境技术，将体现和促进对重要的可持续发展原则

3、。风格和展城至为型；“中心”的及功能将展示应用性及试验性技术解社区之间的不地区传统的精髓与断特征。提供了场所；（3）体现决方案，其中包括小型的可再生能。展览空间将Abstract: The Sustainability Centre, named Crystalline, is a key component in the realization of the environmental goals of the Caofeidian Eco-city. Through its construction and program, the Centre demonstrates future s

4、ustainable technologies and communicates a vision consistent with the principles of the Eco-city, the construction and expansion of which will be monitored from the building. Located on a peninsula with close proximity to Caofeidians administrative core, the Centre will be an iconic symbol for the g

5、rowing Eco-city and for Chinas sustainable urbanism initiatives. Crystalline is integrated with asurrounding landscape showcasing sustainable technologies举办常设及临时展览，同时也可作为商业活动和世界博览会的场所，以推广环境技术领域创新的公司及其产城市文脉可持续发展中心有策略地布置在品，并成为汇报和宣传城建设的部分行政城的场所。市负责监督12km2起步也将在“中心”工作“。晶体”区中区的绿色对角轴线的最南端具有战略意义的位置and ecosy

6、stems. The Centre is a mfor an energyefficient building, projecting low energy demand and demonstrating working examples of renewable energy technologies. With its unique architectural style and demonstrations of innovative environmentally efficient technologies, the Centre will embody and promote t

7、he sustainable principles central to the development of theCaofeidian Eco-city.：可持续发展中心，绿色Key words: Sustainability Centre, GreenCaofeidian, Eco-city城Architecture,1作者简介：瑞典SWECO公司高级收稿日期：2009-05-10师1 从广场看“中心”/The Centre seen from the entry plaza7 6 世界2009/06淘宝专业学术杂志店2上，轴线上还有其他重要的，如行政中心中心及市民中心。坐落在伸向湖面的

8、上的可持续发展中心是对角城市网格和城市海岸线的交汇点。这个设有餐馆、咖啡馆、公共景观及商店的地标白天和夜晚都能吸引者，将鼓励各种沿水边码头及周围公园的活动“。中心”毗邻的轻轨站、公共汽车站及自行车停车场，有利于鼓励步行、骑自行车和乘坐公共交通（图3）。设计概念可持续发展中心的设计灵感撷取自当地的盐业生产与“中心”用地的历史及其所处海滨的实际位置的。盐晶体的几何形状和方式也奠定了“中心”及整个城概念的基础。正如盐晶体的聚合与分离，逐渐地扩展和扩大城也将从可持续发展中心及其周边的堆，从海水区向外扩展；正如传统盐业生产中盐凝聚成升起，“中心”从周围景观中上升32循环模型；“中心”采用的可持续发展技术

9、及特色/The eco-cycle m technologies and integrated features of the Centre3“中心”及周围景观的总平面/Site plan of the Centre and its surrounding landscape; sustainable77国际城/CAOFEIDIAN INTERNATIONAL ECO-CITY淘宝专业学术杂志店的体型组合考虑了当地日照和风向的条件，创造出有庇护的空间和宜人的尺度（图4，5)。特点受盐晶体的特点及几何形状的启发，“中心”以其独特的外部轮廓和具有雕塑感的造型、以及开放、吸引人和独特的形式，将成为海

10、滨地区的视觉焦点。“中心”团簇咬合的体量坐落在干净的水平面上。一些团簇体量看上去似乎从浅浅的水面升起，水面映照出晶体的体量及倾斜的屋顶。外立面通过采用明亮的4石材和水平方向不规则布置的开窗，营造了明亮的晶体特征（图6）。晶体团簇咬合的空间组织创造出生动、有庇护及尺度宜人的空间，从室外和室内都能感受到体块之间形成了两个内院，可以帮助调节（图7）。功能组织的各个的小气候内部的不同功能被赋予不同的空间体量及独特的构图。每量的大小、形状和特性又取决于对自然光、视野、内部小气候、空间净高以及使用的要求（图8）。“中心”的广场从高架的晶体体量下面伸展至大厅，并能看见海景。从城市的广场方向和海边的方向都能进

11、入大厅。从大厅可以直达两个主要的展厅。其中一个展厅包含封闭式多大厅和城模型展示区。另56量坐落于不同的平面上/Crystallines entrance74 盐业生产和盐晶体的形成；“晶体”概念的参考图像/Salt production and the formation of salt crystals; reference images for the concept Crystalline6“晶体”的各with volumes set on different planes7 树和水给光线充足的内院带来了凉爽/Light filled inner courtyard cooled wit

12、h trees and water5“中心”的灵感撷取自盐晶体的分离及从水升起/TheCentres architecture is inspired by salt crystals dividing, rising from pools of water7 8 世界2009/06淘宝专业学术杂志店89体量造型/The8 可持续发展中心外部夜景，展现了独特的Sustainability Centre at night, a unique composition of building volumes 9 可持续发展中心首层平面/Ground floor plan of the Sustain

13、ability Centre79国际城/CAOFEIDIAN INTERNATIONAL ECO-CITY淘宝专业学术杂志店一个展厅设有关于可持续发展技术的展览。两个展示空间都具备大空间、开放灵活的特点，并有从天窗射入的自然光线。外立面上的一些水平开窗让人们可以欣赏室外的景观（图9）。的公共空间。淡水是一种有限的气候中性的物，并试验及展示未来可能的技术解决是一个位于相对干方案“。中心”必须符合现有的节能型的原则，同时旱地区的滨海城市，它的目标是节水和循环使用淡水。也要有的可再生能源供给（图16）。可持续发展率先示范如何利用灰水、雨水和海水为了实现节能型，需要考虑如下的步骤：从大厅和室外都很容易

14、到达餐厅。餐厅首的价值，以减缓对淡水的需求。露水收集器收集空气中的水分（图12）；雨水用于水景；海水养殖可食用的植（1） 场地（2） 通过需求；和设计时考虑日照和风向；层是开敞式空间，内设咖啡馆、酒吧和餐厅大厅设计和结构设计最大限度地降低能源的东侧是相连的办公室和部分。办公楼通高的物（图13）；来自的灰水流经具有雕塑造型的人工天井保证内部有足够的自然采光。由于当地的湿地，从中得到净化。沿岸有3个特殊的（3）通过节能型设备、照明和节水设备最大限度地降低能源需求。地质条件不有室，所以办公楼和楼坐落在系统；可持续发展中一个公共裙房上，裙房内设停车场、机房和货运口。这样的布置方式使“晶体”与栈道结合紧

15、密。的功能组织力求鼓励直观的导向和即兴的互动，并创造出多功能的室内空间以满足各种使用要求。心的景观力求通过程式化的形式，展示它们的功能和（4物必须有良好的护结构、对太阳热能外形（图14）。第一个是公园所展示的潮间带：贝吸收和日光射入进行。类和其他水生动物生活在浅水水域，泥滩吸引了候鸟，要求在整个项目周期内施行先进的项目管理，以达到质量保证、环境保证和能源保证。盐沼种群把沙子堆砌成保护性的。第二个是河流本充满活力的模数形式未来接入新的体量，从而身，包括河岸植物群和动物群。第三个是由受潮汐影响的上游湿地、盐碱沼泽及河口海水栖息地组成的单链和集体链。公园展示了潮涌，公园和河口地势低洼的一半可持续发展

16、中心的能源需求预期要低于国际最大程度地增加了室内设计的灵活性。城的平均水平“。中心”的总体能源需求预计：年用电量小于1 000MWh，年供热量小于300MWh，年制冷量小于400MWh。所有电器设备都采用现有的用电量最小的类型。其他要求包括：节能型的通风和制冷系统；附加时间室内设计灵感撷取自唐山当地的和自然系统：三角洲、盐湖湿地和丛生的田野。当地的鸟类区域都与盐湖直接相连。河岸和系统的人工湿地都以及海洋生物、京剧的脸谱和色彩、中国传统织物和壁纸的图案以及当地悠久的陶瓷生产历史，都是图案装饰和织物的灵感来源。用斯堪的纳维亚的设计哲学过滤这些当地的图案及色彩，使北欧的简洁风格与中国传统文化的丰富及

17、美感相结合，从而营造出一种独特的室内气氛（图10，11）。景观由回用的灰水供应，确保其稳定的淡水供应。这些区域都有助于植根于环境的景观设计理念（图15）。器电及通讯器和日光应分区器的节能型荧光灯；照明、配，以便于节能、服务和改建；景观不仅包含展览空间、展示空间和系统，而且为者提供一个世界级品质的公共空间。建安装监测能源需求的能源计量表，鼓励用户节能。可再生能源供给可持续发展中心的部分能源供应来自“中心”内部的示范单元组合，以保证全年的能源供应。虽然场地的筑所处的大型室外空间成为的外向延伸那些生长和碰撞的“晶体”在室内与室外之间。海滨广场、晶体池、观景平台、水台阶和码头使人们脱离喧闹的城市生活，

18、享受片刻宁静的休憩。气候中性的“中心”的一个目标是展示如何使用现有技术建造可持续发展中心周围12hm2场地的景观3个目标进行设计：节约用水、示范适于着 地区生地质条件并全适合季节性蓄，但唐山地区冬天寒冷、夏天炎热的气候很适合建一个示范单元钻孔提供热和冷，造价很有竞争力，而且对态系统的可持续发展技术，并创造一个具有世界级品质也101110 展览厅及其大型展览/The large exhibition and exposition hall11 充满自然光线的餐厅和酒吧/The natural-light filled restaurant and bar8 0 世界2009/06淘宝专业学术杂志

19、店1214151312 可持续发展技术：将露水收集器与灯柱相结合，能收集夜晚空气中的水分，为周围的景观带来凉意/Sustainable technology; a combination light pole and dew-catcher gathers water from the night air to cool the surrounding landscape13 海水池将展示可持续发展的水产养殖/Saltwater basins will demonstrate sustainable aquaculture14 河口地区；淡水湿地，盐碱沼泽；“晶体”的景观展示了地16区的系统/

20、The estuarine area; freshwater wetland, brackish marsh andsalt marsh; Caofeidians ecosystems are demonstrated in Crystallines landscape.公园内升高的小径和观景平台/Elevated paths and viewing platfo ms extend across the eco-park1516 气候中性building的技术系统/Technical systems for a climate-neutral81国际城/CAOFEIDIAN INTERNAT

21、IONAL ECO-CITY淘宝专业学术杂志店很小。示范单元包括50 个50m深的钻孔。这样规模的季节性蓄 估计能够提供180MWh的热量及相同数量的制冷量。电力系统与总电网连接，提供所需的电力。电能来一个带有尿液分离和粪便干燥处理的厕所，因为它消耗的水量非常少甚至为零。这一解决方案尚不适用于多层自城的风力发电站或者管理中心的焚化厂。未来如果能引入太阳能及其他解决方案，如或公共“中，因此在此只作为一个示范单元（图17）。采用节水型水龙头，以减少冷热水的用我们还建议了一个太阳能电池及一个小型风潮汐发电，就能使“中心”的发电量多于用电量。供热和供冷车相结合的示范单元系统通过产生氢气的电解装量，还将

22、采用节水型、有专门黑水处理的座便器。用压置，将来自风车和太阳能电池的电力“储存”起来，然主要通过带热交换的机械通风系统给供热和供力管道将黑水抽到管理中心的厌氧消化，与厨后当没有阳光的时候，氢气将给电池供能。建冷。利用季节性蓄或组合热泵预热进气口的空余残渣一起处理。灰水是另一个单独的系统，先通过滤网或沉淀进行预处理。对来自厨房的灰水要进行除油， 以除去烹饪油脂。分离出的油脂将被送到管理中心，与黑水一起在厌氧消化池内进行处理。灰水经预处理后，流入潜表面流的人工湿地，进行议的系统有平均5kW的供电能力和5kW的供热能力，展示了灵活的间歇式发电，并具备给“中心”内的通讯站供电的能力。气。由于具有良好的

23、护结构，因此不需要暖气散热片。夏季空调采用与冷却送风相结合的方式。通风系统既节能又坚固耐用，只需很少的维护工作。大型空气处理机组和管道以低风速工作，有助于保持系统中 的稳定。办公楼和 楼采用定风量系统，其他所有区域将季节性蓄求的50%产生的能源将提供总供热和供冷需电池将满足大约5%的电力需求和10%的自然净化。湿地的多层观增添了雕塑元素，并供热需求“。中心”剩余的能源需求则需要附加的能源供应系统，即热泵和电制冷机的组合。夏季，这个组合给供冷，并通过风冷的冷凝器调节温度；冬季，系统反向操作，室外空气当作热源。我们还建议在太阳能电池附近安装太阳能集热器，产生的热用于供热水。可以根据水量平行使用或顺

24、序使用。湿地通过潜表面流可以减少蒸发、杀死病菌和除去耗氧的有机物以及部分养分。雨水虽然唐山地区夏季雨水充沛，但是其他季节非常干采用由需求的变风量系统。对于会议室及其他内部负荷变化的区域，可以安装额外的强制通风的进风口。及卫生系统在水供应有限的区域内最好的技术解决方案是使用171817 灰净化后的水流入河岸区和河口区/The greywater system;cleansed water flows to the riparian and estuarine areas18 雨将来自“晶体”屋顶和硬质景观的雨水进行收集、净化、储存，以作将来之用。/The sto mwater system; w

25、ater from Crystallines roof and hardscape is collected, cleansed, and saved for future use8 2 世界2009/06淘宝专业学术杂志店19燥，因此需要收集、净化和储存雨水。可持续发展中心可持续发展中心与自动收集系统（AWC）相连。统，将带领城可持续的城市发展、可持续发展的目标之一是成为社区教学和教育的，因而后者的集装箱收集站位于“中心”的场地上，为周围的几个城市街区服务。由于集装箱收集站毗邻“中心”，使它可以成为可持续发展技术展览的一部分。办公楼和档的及技术：· 高质量、密闭的· 节能

26、型照明；有必要强调与景观之间的可见的雨。大型雕护结构；塑状的水池收集来自屋顶和硬质地面的雨水，溢出的雨水则流入广场下面的储中。水池通过曝气净化案楼每层设有与自动收集系统相连的滑槽，用· 带LED系统的外立面照明系统及室内装饰性照明系统；· 节能型通风及制冷系统；· 节能型设备；流经的雨水。用太阳能泵将净化后的水打入景观中的晶体池及水景中（图18）。管理和回收来处理剩余和可回收的纸张。备餐区域设有与黑水管道相连的磨碎机。餐厅设有连到磨碎机的接口，磨碎机再连接到可持续发展中心建议进行过厌氧消化和沼气生产来处理有机为使诸如原料、化肥和能源等分类，并展示通和污水。的回收成

27、为可分类：润滑油、小型蓄一个收集箱。收集箱可以放在，以节省宝贵的首层浆。· 由太阳能电池和风车组成的示范单元，展空间车将根据需要定期收集示不间断发电或离网解决方案的新系统；结语可持续发展中心及其景观通过研究、教育和整合设· 钻孔式季节性蓄供热和供冷；能，所有（1生产者都要进行成分：化学制品、电· 环保型收集和处理系统；计，强调了创新的美感以及持续发展城市的原则。基于当地的心”是当地特色与应用性可持续发展和环境方面的可· 为形成城市与农村之间的闭合循环而采取的可持电池、小型电子器件、杀虫剂、药品等始终要与其他垃和技术环境“，中结合续发展的解决方案（磨碎机和

28、）；、污水系圾，并置于由生产商或市政提供的“红箱”系· 提倡低水耗和节水的系统（雨统）；统或其他类似系统中；的典范。这种方法创建了一个平台，用以关注社区的文（2）大体积/惰性/碎；化及的需要，同时使城· 各类可持续发展的卫生及污水处理系统，包括一个人工湿地；· 展示可持续发展的海水养殖方法的展示区（形成（3）除外的混合可回收材料；各地可持续发展的指引，成为促进可持续发展的略及技术的领跑者（图19）。策（4）食品（非木质材料、硬壳类）；（5）其他剩余。可持续发展中心通过引入下列示范项目和展示系闭合循环、多层链）。19 艺术照明：可持续发展中心在夜色中熠熠生辉/Art

29、istic lighting; the Sustainability Centre glows at night83国际城/CAOFEIDIAN INTERNATIONAL ECO-CITY淘宝专业学术杂志店Background The Sustainability Centre, named Crystalline, will be a symbol of the International Caofeidian Eco- City, representing its founding principles of sustainable economic, social, and envir

30、onmental urbanism. The Centre's mission is to demonstrate cutting edge architectural and environmental technologies through temporary and permanent exhibitions, communicate sustainable principles through public education, andsignificant venues such as the administrative centre, the cultural cent

31、re and the civic centre. Set on a peninsula jutting into the saltwater lagoon, the Sustainability Centre engages both the diagonal city grid and the coast. This landmark building with its restaurant, caf public landscape, and shops will draw visitors day and night, encouraging activity along the qua

32、ys and public parks. Pedestrian, bicycle and public transportation modes are encouraged through the strategic location of the monorail, bus station and bicycle parking adjacent to the Centre.Conceptual Idea Inspiration derives from the local salt production, with its references to both the history o

33、f the site and the physical location of the Centre on the edge of the sea. The geometry, shape, and clustered formation of salt crystals also underlie the conceptual foundationhelp regulate the temperature of the building.Organisation / Function Each interior function is represented by a unique buil

34、ding volume and composition. The size, shape and character of the volumes adapt according to considerations of daylight, views, microclimate, roof height, and use.The building's entry plaza extends beneath a lifted crystal volume into the main lobby, capturing sea views. The lobby is approachabl

35、e from both the entry plaza and the quayside.The two main exhibition halls are accessed directly from the main entrance lobby. The first contains the Multi-media Hall and ls of the Eco-City. The second contains an exhibition of sustainable technologies. Both exhibition spaces are large, flexible, an

36、d lit by skylights. Horizontal openings in the facades afford views to the landscape.The restaurant, easily accessed from both the lobby and the outdoor public entrance, offers an open space on the ground floor with a caf and bar. The higher building volumes containing offices and archives are acces

37、sed to the east of the main entrance lobby. Central light wells ensure adequate daylight. Geological conditions prevent basement structures; as an alternative, this section of the building sits on a common podium containing parking, mechanical facilities and delivery access. This allows Crystallines

38、howcase successful climate-neutral through integrated building design.constructionThis climate-neutral Centre showcase the eco-cycle l of building's construction and functionisdesigned toCaofeidian; the will demonstrateboth applied and experimental technical solutionsincludinall-scale renewable

39、energy production.Event spaces accommodate both permanent and temporary exhibitions while a business arena and expo will showcase innovative companies and products within the field of environmental technology and serve as a venue for the presentation and promotion of the Eco-City. Some of the munici

40、pality's administrative functions responsible for monitoring the ongoing construction of the Eco-City will also be housed in the building. Crystalline will be open to and provide a forum for a range of users, including environmental specialists, designers, planners, engineers, developers, decisi

41、on makers, residents, and visitors. This establishes the Centre as an important actor in a valuable feedback loop, where information, research and assessment of completed phases inform the Eco- City's future development.Sustainability Goals and Objectives The goal for the Centre is threefold: (1

42、) to address all social, economic, and ecologic factors that impact human health, safety, and quality of life, (2) to create an arena for continuous dialogue between international developments in sustainable practice and the for the Sustainability Centre andd the entireCaofeidian Eco-City. Just as s

43、alt crystals join and divide, gradually spreading and growing, the Eco-City will develop outwards from the Sustainability Centre and the core area around it. Just as salt is traditionally farmed into mounds, rising from pools of seawater, the Centre ascends from its surrounding landscape. The buildi

44、ng volumes are clustered to adapt to thelocal conditions of wind and sun, spaces and a human scale.Architectural Character creatingshelteredThe unique silhouette andsculptural appearanceto maintain a close connection tordwalk.of Crystalline, inspired by the behaviour and geometry of salt crystals, w

45、ill be a focal point of the harbour with its open, inviting and architecturally distinct form. The Centre's clustered volumes rest on clean horizontal planes. Some clusters appear to rise from planes of shallow water, their volumes and tilted roof planes mirrored on the reflective surface. Their

46、 facades and skylights evoke a light and crystalline character with the use of light natural stone cladding and irregularly placed horizontal openings.Clustered, varying spatial volumes create dynamic, sheltered and human-scale spaces experienced both inside and outside the building. Two courtyards

47、formed by the juxtaposition of the volumesThe building is organized to encourage intuitive navigation and spontaneous interaction, creating multi- function interior spaces to allow for various scales of use. The dynamic, modular form of the building allowsfornew volumes to be constructed in the futu

48、re, izing the flexibility of the complex.Interior Design The interior design is inspired by Tangshan culture local natural ecosystems: delta, salt wetlands, andandCaofeidian commu, and (3) to embody theessenceheather fields. Bird and sea life lends inspiration to patterns and textiles, as do the mas

49、ks and colours ofand character of the Caofeidian heritage.Urban Context The Center is strategically located along the green diagonal axis in the Intermediate Area of Caofeidian's first twelve square kilometres, along with otherthePeking opera, traditionale textiles fine porcelainand wallpapers,

50、and a long local history ofproduction. through aFiltering these local patterns and colours Scandinavian design philosophy marries8 4 世界2009/06淘宝专业学术杂志店simplicity with the richness and beauty of thecolliding 'crystals' to flow between inside and outside. The esplanade, crystalline pools, over

51、look, water stairs, and marina affords a welcome respite from the bustle of the city.Climate Neutral Building An objective of the Centre is to demonstrate how a climate neutral building can be built with existing techniques, and to test and demonstrate possible future technical solutions. The buildi

52、ng must meet existing principles for an energy efficient building, and also produce its own renewable energy supply.The following objectives help achieve an energy efficient building:(1) Plan the site and the building with regard to the sun and wind.(2) Minimize energy demand through architectural a

53、nd structural design.(3) Minimize energy demand through energy efficient installations, lighting, and water saving appliances. (4) Provide a building envelope to control solar heat gain and control daylight.Advanced project management is required throughout the life of the project to regulate qualit

54、y assurance, environmental assurance, and energy assurance. The energy demand for Crystalline is expected to be lower than the average levels for the Caofeidian International Eco-City. The overall energy demand for the Sustainability Centre is estimated to be less than1 000 MWh electricity/year, 300

55、 MWh heat/year, and400 MWh comfort cooling/year.All electrical equipment and appliances will have the lowest electricity demand available. Other requirements include: energy-efficient ventilation and cooling systems; energy-efficient fluorescent lamps with timed daylight control systems; wiring, pow

56、er distribution and a communication network sectioned to facilitate energy savings, service and reconstruction; and installation of energy meters to monitor demand, providing a quantitative tool to encourage reduction in use.Renewable Energy Supply Energy is partially supplied by demonstration units within the Centre, securing complete energy deliveryall year round. Though the site's geotechnical conditions are not ideal for geothermal storage, the cold winters and warm summers of the