弹性思维案例

1、Foundations in the Material Environments of Aging 老龄人物质环境基础Chapter 4: Supporting the Elastic Mind 第四章:支持弹性思维Dr Megan StrickfadenDepartment of Human EcologyUniversity of AlbertaforYunshi International Education Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd.CASE STUDY: Brain GamesMr. and Mrs. Zhao live independently i

2、n a lavish city apartment. Mr. Zhao was working at a local import company as a top administrator up until very recently when he suddenly had a stroke. Mrs. Zhao has been a homemaker for many years. She was totally shocked when her husband had a stroke: he had always been very strong. Fortunately Mr.

3、 Zhaos stroke was not considered too severe. Even so, Mrs. Zhao noticed that the weakness in his left side had minor affects to his ability to eat, bathe, dress, walk and he has a slight limp, all of which the therapists say can be improved if he is dedicated to his physical therapy. What is most co

4、ncerning, however, is Mr. Zhaos verbal skills and ability to make decisions. Simple things are easily muddled and sometimes Mr. Zhao even yells at his wife when she doesnt seem to understand him. From Mr. Zhaos standpoint, he believes he is saying the correct word when in fact he is often saying som

5、ething else. For example, Mr. Zhao wished to go to the park for a walk and he kept calling it the university. Even though the words dont sound remotely similar, the stroke has caused Mr. Zhaos brain to get confused in ways that are based on subjective past experiences that seem completely illogical

6、to bystanders. Doctors say that Mr. Zhaos linguistic aphasia and critical thinking abilities will improve in time if he practices, through playing various games. The trouble is that Mr. Zhao has been a businessman for many years and is used to working efficiently, making his own decisions and is not

7、 used to the idea of playing games.As a dedicated wife, Mrs. Zhao knows that she needs to support her husband through stroke recovery. She is an intelligent lady who is well-educated and well-read. In fact, when her husband went to hospital and she knew that he had a stroke she immediately began to

8、read literature about stroke recovery. Mrs. Zhao discovered that the first three months is the most crucial time frame in order to recover as fully as possible from the brain incident. She also looked into ways in which the brain can be retrained after a stroke. As such, Mrs. Zhao decided to trick h

9、er husband into rehabilitating his brain. She could see that physical therapy was straightforward for him because he was perfectly willing to do all the physical exercises prescribed by the therapists, but the games were another thing. Initially Mrs. Zhao was concerned. She tried to get her husband

10、to play cards, board games, word puzzles and more but to no avail. He simply yelled at her telling her he is not a child and pushed the games to the floor. Mrs. Zhao decided to sleep on her little problem to help her husband, perhaps in the morning she would come to a good solution. When Mrs. Zhao a

11、woke in the morning, she realized what she needed to do. Although the doctor had not given specific brain exercises beyond games to play, she had read about different ways to help build or rebuild pathways in the brain. She began by using a series of techniques with her husband that she called: perf

12、orm, switch, flex and change. Perform involved exposing her husband to more than one sensory stimulation at a time. One way Mrs. Zhao did this was by placing fresh flowers on the table during meals. She made foods with contrasting flavors and when she saw that her husband was chewing his food and ve

13、ry involved with the tastes she would draw his attention to the smell of the flowers. Mrs. Zhao did other things relating to perform such as playing loud music while he was showering and reading her book out loud while he put the dumplings together. Switch involved getting Mr. Zhao to change the way

14、 he did things before from the left to right side and vice versa. This was particularly easy for Mrs. Zhao to encourage since Mr. Zhaos left arm and leg were not working to full capacity. While switch relates to change related to the different hemispheres of the brain, change involved switching thin

15、gs around in random patterns. For example, Mrs. Zhao randomly changed the sides of the bed they would sleep in, which was somewhat annoying to her husband but he acquiesced in the end when she told him that she had pain in her side that required different positions to sleep. Switching and changing m

16、eant that Mrs. Zhao would mindfully hand her husband things to his left hand when normally he would prefer to use his right and place things in the house in different locations such as putting his grooming supplies and tools in different places in the bathroom. Flex involved encouraging Mr. Zhao to

17、use different senses than he would typically use. Although Mrs. Zhao normally communicated verbally what she would cook for meals she instead called to him to smell what was being made and asked him to guess the ingredients. She also used more non-verbal communication through gestures and facial exp

18、ressions as a means to engaging Mr. Zhao in different ways of experiencing everyday life. The acts of practicing perform, switch, flex and change was a way for Mrs. Zhao to intentionally disrupt her husbands embodied patterning.While Mrs. Zhaos methods to support her husband towards brain rehabilita

19、tion are unconventional, the techniques really worked. At Mr. Zhaos next doctors appointment he had progressed really well and was showing reduced aphasia and fewer signs of confusion. Mrs. Zhao sat quietly while her husband told the doctor that he adamantly did not need to play games and that his m

20、ind had sharpened spontaneously on its own. Interestingly, Mrs. Zhao was certain that her brain games had inadvertently improved her own reasoning skills.案例研究：大脑游戏赵先生和赵女士独立生活在一个豪华的城市公寓。赵先生在中风前，是当地进口公司的顶级管理员。赵女士是多年的家庭主妇。在得知她丈夫中风的消息时，她感到非常惊讶：他身体一直很健壮。幸运的是，赵先生的病情不是很严重。但即便如此，赵女士注意到，他左侧的肢体麻木对他吃饭、洗澡、穿衣、走路

21、会有轻微的影响。而且，他还有轻微的跛行。但治疗师说，如果赵先生专心进行物理治疗，是可以改善他目前的状况的。然而令人最关注的是赵先生的口头表达能力和决策能力。赵先生容易弄胡涂简单的事情，并且有时候在他妻子不能理解他的时候，便对他妻子大吼大叫。从赵先生的角度上讲，他相信他用的词是对的。而实际上，他经常用错词。例如，赵先生想去公园走走，但是他却把公园说成了学校。即使这些词听起来完全不一样，中风导致赵先生的大脑在基于主观的过往经验时，会把词语弄混。而这些词对于旁观者而言，是完全不符合逻辑的。医生说如果赵先生通过玩各种游戏进行训练，他的失语症和批判性思考能力将会得到改善。问题是，赵先生从商多年，习惯了效

22、率工作，自己做决策，而且不习惯玩游戏这个想法。作为一位忠实的妻子，赵女士知道她需要帮助她的丈夫进行中风的康复治疗。她是一位聪明的女士，受过良好的教育并且饱读诗书。事实上，当她的丈夫去医院并在得知她丈夫确诊中风后，她立即开始阅读有关中风康复治疗的书籍。赵女士发现，要想从大脑事件中尽可能完全康复，最初的三个月是最重要的时间框架。她也查阅了中风后大脑再训练的各种方式。因此，赵女士决定骗她的丈夫去进行大脑康复治疗。她看得出来物理治疗对他而言是简单的，因为他完全愿意做治疗师指定的所有物理训练。但游戏就是另一回事了。起初，赵女士感到担心。她试着让他丈夫打牌、玩棋盘游戏、填字游戏等等，但都无济于事。他只是大声呵斥她，告辞她他不是一个小孩，并且把玩游戏的东西弄到地上。赵女士决定先睡一觉，也许第二天早上她会想到一个好的解决办法。当赵女士早上醒来时，她意识到自己需要做什么了。虽然除了玩游戏，医生没有给出具体的大脑训练，但她看过关于帮助大脑建立或重建通道的不同方法。她与她丈夫开始用一系列技巧。她把这些技巧称为：表演、转变、曲折和变化。表演包括使他丈夫在同一时间接触多个感官刺激。赵女士实现这个技巧的其中一种方式是