商法---outcome1

1、1. List the main sources of modern Scot Law2. A. What is meant by the Doctrine of Judicial Precedent ? P43B. Give an example of a judicial precedent P443. a. Which is the superior legislative body? The Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament P18b. Explain your choice of answer in part a4.

2、What is a statute?5. Name five Act of Parliament6. What are the main difference between Civil and Criminal Law in ScotP16 +example murder +e.g. 到渊源为止7. What is a crime? Four example of criminal behavior8. Provide three examples of a Civil dispute9. a. In a conflict between Scottish and European Unio

3、n Law, which on the two systems are the Scottish Courts bound to follow?b. explain10. a. What are the four most important institutions of the European Union?b. Which of the European Union institutions has law-making power?第一个Outcome 11. The two main areas of law are Criminal and Civil Law.-Criminal

4、lawDefinition: deals with all types of offences过错 and crimes, concernsitself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes.Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be p

5、unished by imprisonment or fine or someother sanctions. Examples: murder, culpable homicide, piracy, treason, armed robbery, supplying illegal drugs, fire raising, assault,fraud, theft, house breaking, dangerous driving,and breach of the peace)-Civil lawDefinition: concerned with non-criminal disput

6、es and situation,in clud ing the follow ing:a) The settlement of legal disputes between individualsand other bodies(example: divorce case).b) The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury (example: a case where some one was clai ming damages after being injuredby faulty ma

7、chi nery at work).c) The sett ing of procedures to gover n finan cial and other matters (example: the legal procedures to be followed when buying or selling a house).2. Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, Europea n Union Law, and Com mon Law or Judicial Precede nt.-Common LawDefinition: is a numer

8、ous legal rules that form the part of unwritten laws of Scotland which has been handed downto us as customs and practices over the cen turies.A major source of CommoLaw is the practice whereby judges make new rules of law will be followed by other court, so that it is legally binding rules.3. Doctri

9、 ne of Judicial Precede ntDefinition: is a process invoIves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listeningto opposite legal arguments will

10、 have to makethe decisi on about which view of the law is correct. Once this decisi on has bee n made, future judges and course will be expected to follow thereasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues.It must be emphasized that not every judge can make a ne

11、w binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the judge is relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely to be able to create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferi

12、or courts.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932)4. Westminster Parliament and Scottish Parliament (legislative body)Unlike the previous Scottish Parliament which was abolished by the Act of Union in 1707, the new Scottish Parliament is no

13、t a completely independence body. The Scottish Parliament is clear and inferior body compared with the Westminster Parliament.It is the Westminster Parliament from which the Scottish Parliament obtains its authority to pass laws for Scotland. So any legislation of the Scottish Parliament is thought

14、to be secondary legislation.It is also necessary to know that a simple Act of the Westminster Parliament is all that it would take to abolish Scottish Parliament. Westminster Parliament has already abolished a local assembly.Acts of Parliament are often referred to as legislation or statute law unti

15、l the creation of Scottish Parliament, the Westminster Parliament alone madelaws for Scotland. However Westminster has given the Scottish Parliament authority in many different areas of policy to make statute law.Abolition of feudal tenureact 2000The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974Sale of Goods A

16、ct 1979Employment Rights Act 1996Protection of Children Act 20035. Civil Law v Criminal Law- Criminal Law is primarily used by the state as a means of maintaining law and border by punishing certain individuals who have the behavior as criminally and antisocially. The State uses the Criminal Law to

17、punish criminals on behalf of the community or sociality.- The Civil Law is to resolve legal disputes between private individuals in such areas as 民事纠纷 Family Law, Company Law, Partnership Law, Banking and Finance Law, Sale of Goods and Services Law, Consumer Law, Personal Injury Claims Law, and Div

18、orce.- Different courts and standers of evidence and procedures exist depending on whether we are talking about a criminal action or a civil dispute.Conflict between Scottish and european lawIf there is a conflict between Scottish and European law, the court should obey the rules or laws under Europ

19、ean law.The European Union is an organization of 25 member states. The members must obey the rules or laws in order to enjoy the benefits of membership.Britain has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 1973. because of the passing of the European Communities Act 1972 by the Westminster Parliament. It is this legislation that recognizes the supremacy of European Lawover the domestic law. By the time Britain became a member of European Union 1973. Many of the important law were already in place and Britain had to accept this as a pr