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1、 Heart failureWhat Is Heart Failure?LesspumpingpowerSlower flow rateof bloodHigher pressure of chamber The heart cant provide body enough bloodCausesCoronary arterydiseaseWhat causes What causes heart failureheart failureCoronaryarterydiseaseHeart attackCardio-myopathyOver-burdenedCardiac hypertroph

2、yCompliance decrease Compensa-Compensa-tion tion reactionreactionFrank-Starling mechanismCompensatory mechanism of NeurohumorCompensation reactionTypes Of Heart FailureTypes Of Heart FailureSystolic dysfunctionWhen the heart muscle doesnt contract with enough force, there is less oxygen-rich blood t

3、hat is pumped throughout the bodyDiastolic dysfunctionThe heart contracts normally, but the ventricle - the main pumping chamber - does not relax properly, reducing the amount of blood that can enter the heart and raising blood pressure in the lungs.AHA/ACC GuidelinesAHA/ACC Guidelines Stage AAt hig

4、h risk for HF but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HFStage BStructural heart disease but without signs or symptoms of HF Stage CStructural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF Stage DRefractory HF requiring specialized interven-tionsStages of Heart Stages of Heart Failur

5、eFailure Class INo limitation during ordinary activity Class II Slight limitation by shortness of breath fatigue during moderate exertion or stress Class IIISymptoms with minimal exertion that interfere with normal daily activityClass IVInability to carry out any physical activity SymptomsSymptomsSy

6、mtomsCongested lungsFluid and water retentionDizziness fatigue weaknessRapid or irregular heartbeatsDiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosisMedical Medical historyhistorySymptomsPhysical examsAssistant Assistant examina-examina-tiontionHeart failure Diabetes kidney disease anginahigh blood pressure heart problem

7、sSmoke Drink alcohol and how much you drinkmedicationsMedical historyAssitantAssitantExaminationsExaminationsBlood testsBNPChest X-rayEchocardiogramEFEKGStress testCardiac catheterizationcoronary angiogramCardiac MRIAssistant ExaminationsBNP BNP is a substance secreted from the heart in response to

8、changes in pressure that occur when heart failure develops and worsens. The level of BNP in the blood increases when heart failure symptoms worsen, and decreases when the heart failure condition is stable. The BNP level in a person with heart failure - even someone whose condition is stable - is hig

9、her than in a person with normal heart function.EF A normal EF is generally between 55% and 75%, which means that over half of the blood volume is pumped out of the heart with each beat. Heart failure may occur as the result of a low EF (called systolic heart failure), or from another cause, such as

10、 a valve disorder or from diastolic dysfunction. People with diastolic dysfunction can have a normal EF.TreatmentAdd Your TextGood life stylereasonable dietary habitMedicationsSurgical proceduresTo prevent your heart failure from worseningCommon types of drugs used to treat heart failure include: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) Beta-blockers Digoxin Diuretics Blood vessel dilators Potassium or magnesium Aldactone Inhibitors Calcium channel blockers Heart pump medicationMedicationSurgical Procedures添加标题 Heart trans-plantBypass