状语从句的省略及要点（课堂PPT）

1、1从属连词（从属连词（Subordinating Conjunctions）从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引起状语从句。具体地说，从属连词主要引起状语从句。时间状语从句：时间状语从句：when , whenever ,as , while, before , after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, instantly, directly, hardlywhen, no s

2、oonerthan地点状语从句：地点状语从句：where , wherever原因状语从句：原因状语从句：as, because, since, seeing(that) , considering (that) , now that , not thatbut that目的状语从句：目的状语从句：that , so that , in order that , lest , for fear that , in case结果状语从句：结果状语从句：that , so that , such that条件状语从句：条件状语从句：if , unless , suppose , supposing

3、 ,so/as long as, so far as, on condition(that ) ,provided ( that )让步状语从句：让步状语从句：though , although , no matter , even if , even though , however , whatever,whether比较状语从句：比较状语从句：than , as 方式状语从句：方式状语从句：as , as if , as though 2 They came here in order that they explained the matter to us.2. I wont beli

4、eve it until I will have seen it with my own eyes.3. The girl talks as if she has been to the moon. 4. The man smokes as much as his father 10 years ago.5. No sooner was he here than I told him about it.1. When time went on ,his theory proved to be right.2. Although it rains heavily, we shall still

5、go out.3. Child although he is, he knows a lot.4. Because you havent prepared it ,well delay our action.5. There is such little work that such little boys can finish it soon.一、从句谓语动词形式错误一、从句谓语动词形式错误二、从句引导词使用错误二、从句引导词使用错误31. At the age of five, his father died.2. To improve your English, reading is n

6、ecessary .3. Being a fine day, we went out for a play.4. While waiting for the bus, my wallet missed.5. Giving more time, I can do it better.三、主状不一错误三、主状不一错误4点击高考状语从点击高考状语从句中的省略句中的省略 Ellipsis51. Dont speak until you are spoken to . 2. Ill buy a TV set if it is necessary. 3.She stood at the gate as i

7、f she was waiting for someone. 4. He was a swimmer when he was a child. 5. Though it is cold, he wore a shirt.6. While I was walking alone in the street, my name was called. 什么时候可以省略什么时候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略?spoken tonecessarywaiting for someone a child7. While I was walking walking alone in the street, I h

8、eard my name called.Though cold, he were a shirt.While walking alone in the street, my name was called.walking alone the street ,6 :什么时候可以省略什么时候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略? 在含有状语从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是若从句的主句是it或与或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从时，常省略从句的主语和句的主语和be。 1._ (在北京的时候在北京的时候), I paid a visit to t

9、he Summer Palace. 2. _(当是个年轻人的时候当是个年轻人的时候), Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 3. He has no money. _ (要是有的话要是有的话), he will give us. 4._(除非修理除非修理), the machine is of no use. 5. _(要是给更多的关注要是给更多的关注), The boy could have turned out better. 6. A girl stood at the gate of the school as if

10、_ _(跟老师讲话跟老师讲话).When/While in BeijingWhen/As a young manIf anyUnless repairedIf given more attention to talking with a teacher7一、一、 在含有状语从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中 1.1.when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时引导的时间状语从句；间状语从句； 2 2. .if，unless引导的条件状语从句；引导的条件状语从句； 3.3.though，although，even if ，even though引引导的让步状语从句；导的让

11、步状语从句； 4.4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；引导的方式状语从句； 5 5. . whereverwherever引导的地点状语从句引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主句是若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和时，常省略从句的主语和be。 再强调：再强调：81. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春安徽春

12、) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see as if he was going to see whetherHe shook his head as if (he was going) to say: “Dont trust her”.9: :省略在省略在As ifAs if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多. . 1. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say something. 2. He acted as if (he was) a fool.

13、 3. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. 4.He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time. 5.The player is rolling on the ground as if (he was ) hurt badly. 6. He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something important. : as ifas if用于省略句中用于省略句中, ,如果如果as if

14、 as if 引导的从句引导的从句是是“主语系动词主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样这样as ifas if 后就只剩下后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语语）、介词短语或或分词。分词。_ (好象要说什么好象要说什么)_(好象他是个傻瓜好象他是个傻瓜)_(好象生气了好象生气了)_(好象是第一次看到她好象是第一次看到她)_(好象严重受伤了好象严重受伤了)._(好象在寻找重要的东西好象在寻找重要的东西)10高考链接：高考链接： 1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoy

15、ed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷全国卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷全国卷IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 113. The man we followed suddenl

16、y stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷上海卷) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D.when to b

17、e taken125. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春上海春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 137.

18、Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷上海卷) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. _told to stop, the excited children kept on talking in class, so I got angry. A. As B.When C.While D. Though141.地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。引导。 Wh

19、ere I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。不管我在哪里我都会想到你。152.方式状语从句方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。引导。1） as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是

20、从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如正如”，“就像就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要正如打扫房

21、屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。）扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。）162） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛仿佛似的似的，好像好像似似的的，例如：，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事

22、实，就仿佛它不存在似的。他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气语气)17 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语谓语用陈述语 气。）气。） 说明：说明：a

23、s if / as though也可以引导也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式一个分词短语、不定式 短语或无动词短语，例如：短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着波涛冲击着岩石，好像

24、很愤怒。岩石，好像很愤怒。183 原因状语从句原因状语从句 比较：比较：because, since, as和和for 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用人们所知，就用as或或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗引导的

25、从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，号，则可以用则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.194. 目的状语从句目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：等词引导，例如： Yo

26、u must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.205 .结果状语从句结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由结果状语从句常由so that 或或 suchthat引导，引导， 掌握这两个句型，首先要了解掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和和 such与其后的与其后的 词的搭配规律。词的搭配规

27、律。 比较：比较： so和和 such 其规律由其规律由so与与such的不同词性决定。的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，是形容词， 修饰名词或名词词组，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或是副词，只能修饰形容词或 副词。副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配连用，形成固定搭配。21so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / lit

28、tle money. such rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于虽相当于 many， 但但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）搭配。） sothat与与 suchthat之间的转换既为之间的转换既为 so与与such之间之间 的转换。的转换。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to s

29、chool.226. 条件状语从句条件状语从句 连接词主要有连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.237 .让步状语从句让步状语从句 1）

30、 though, although注意：注意： 当有当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有时，后面的从句不能有 but，但是，但是 though 和和yet可连用可连用Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may

31、remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语）（谚语）典型例题典型例题_she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless答案：答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。242)as, though 引导的倒装句引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as /though he was, h

32、e knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意：注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfact

33、orily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3)ever if, even though.即使即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whetheror- 不管不管都都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.255)no matter +疑问词疑问词 或或疑问词疑问词+后缀后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not

34、 mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）（

35、对）Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say是主语从句是主语从句)（错）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 268. 比较比较while, when, as 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。引导短暂性动作的动词。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）当

36、从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as 或或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）从句表示）从句表示随时间推移随时间推移连词能用连词能用as，不用，不用when 或或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。27 9 .比较比较until和和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是此两个连词意义

37、相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时做某事直至某时”， 动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事直至某时才做某事”。 动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一正确使用这两个连词的关键之一 就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用（在肯定句中可

38、用before代替代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：否定句： She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到她直到6点才到。点才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。直到你教我后，我才会做。281)Until可用于句首，而可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。通常不用于句首。

39、 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 2)Until when 疑问句中，疑问句中，until要放在句首。要放在句首。 -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？你呆到什么时候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。(1）Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the

40、 early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。(2)It is not until that 29 10 .表示表示一一就就的结构的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan

41、和和as soon as都可以表示都可以表示“一一就就”的意思，例：的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或或no sooner置于句首，置于句首， 句子句子 必须用倒装结构：必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began t

42、o rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.301. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. toC. doing D. doing it2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to BAD链接其他省略链接其他省略31 动词不定