浙江2020高考英语阅读理解(细节理解)精讲精练

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上浙江2020高考英语阅读理解（细节理解）精讲精练（附答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ； 3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力 (推理判断题)。【细节理解题】. 细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。1. 直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。2. 间接信息题：需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的

2、概括和判断。3. 信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。. 正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。. 干扰项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些不同；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。【真题回放一】How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. F

3、irst he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plo

4、ws.（2019 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright .A. praised his plows in public B. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers42. B。这是一道直接信息题。该段摘自原文第四段，根据该段中的First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop

5、 to attract customers可知，为了推销自己的犁，Mr. Plowright在商店外面放了一个牌子。【讲解配题】2020高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Coffee is one of the most popular drinks throughout the world today. In fact, according to some estimates, over 30% of all adults in the world drink coffee at least once a day on the ave

6、rage. Coffee contains a kind of drug called caffeine. Caffeine is a chemical that stimulates (刺激) the nerves of the body. Drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awakeat least for a short timebecause of this stimulating effect on the nervous system. A cup of coffee has, on the average

7、, about 3% caffeine in it.One story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. According to the story, coffee was discovered in East Africa. The story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named Kaldi. This was about the year 850. Kaldi was leading his anima

8、ls through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way. Kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. Kaldi himself tried eating som

9、e of the green beans (豆荚) that the goats had been eating. He, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans. Kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to the village, where he told his story.The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later &quo

10、t;coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa. Then for years, people used to eat a few of the green Kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy to do their work. It was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried unti

11、l they turned brown, and then they could be stored. If the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time.1.What is the purpose of drinking coffee?A. To become more awake. B. To become more healthy.C. To become more happy. D. To become more clever.2.How did the goats react after eating

12、the plants?A. They fell asleep.B. They could not find their way home.C. They started jumping up and down.D. They wanted to eat more.3.Why did the green bean get the name "Kaffa"?A. Because Kaldi loved his home village very much.B. Because Kaldi's goats loved the green bean very much.C.

13、 Because the beans were discovered in a place by this name.D. Because the beans could be picked and dried.【参考答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】试题分析：本文为我们介绍了咖啡豆。通过一个牧羊人的故事为我们讲述了咖啡豆名字的起源及其产地和作用。1.理解题。从第一段中“Drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awake”中可以看出咖啡豆的作用是使人变得清醒，故选A。2.细节理解题。从文中第二段中“Suddenly, some

14、 of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way.”可以看出吃了这种植物后，一些羊开始以很奇怪的方式的跳上跳下，故选C。3.细节理解题。从最后一段第一句“The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later "coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa.”可知，这种青豆开始叫“Kaffa”后来变为“咖啡”是因为它是在非洲一个叫Kaff

15、a的地方被发现的，故选C。考点：事物说明类阅读【真题回放二】In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fa

16、ct that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable.（2020 浙江卷阅读理解D篇）56. According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writers problem as a new teacher?A. She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.B. She didnt ask experienced teachers for advice.C. She took

17、too much time off to eat and sleep.D. She didnt like teaching English literature.56. A。这是一道间接信息题。该段摘自原文第四段的部分内容，根据So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention可知，作者特别相信从书本上学到的东西，这种盲目的相信让她在实际教学中遇到了困难。【讲解配题】阅读理解。I shall ne

18、ver forget the day when the earthquake took place.The time was about 5 oclock in the afternoon and I was driving along the road to take my daughter from school.Our plan was to go swimming together.I had finished my work at 4 oclock and then gone to the Post Office.Then I stopped off at a shop in ord

19、er to get some fresh fruit.We liked to have some fruit to eat after our swim.I was driving along a high road on my way to my daughters school.Over my road was another road which was built like a bridge for cars coming to the other way.I was hungry so I put the bag of apples in the seat beside me and

20、 started to eat one.Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side.Then my car started to shake！I didnt know what was happening.Perhaps something had gone wrong with my car.I drove a little more slowly and then I stopped the car and at the same moment the road fell onto the c

21、ar in front of me.I found myself in the dark.I couldnt move.The bottom parts of both of my legs and my feet were hurting badly and I couldnt move them.All around me was quiet.But above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise.Then I memorized (记起) what had happened.I had been in an earthquake.For a

22、bout two hours nobody came.Luckily I could reach the bag of apples，so at least I had plenty to eat.Then I heard people climbing towards me.A team of people had come to see if anyone was under the broken road.I called out，“Im here！” I heard a shout.Soon a stranger climbed to the side of the road near

23、 my car.“How are you doing？” he asked.“Not too bad，” I said，“But my feet and legs feel as if theyre broken.”“Well have you out of there just as soon as we can.” They didnt get me out until the next morning.I had been in my car for fourteen hours.1When the earthquake took place，the writer was_.Aon hi

24、s way to the Post OfficeBstopping off at a shopCdoing some shoppingDunder a road built like a bridge解析：从第二段最后一句话可知，当地震发生时，作者正开车行驶在一条像桥一样的路的下面。这条路塌了下来，砸在了他的车上。答案：D2The writers car began to move from side to side because_.Athere was something wrong with his carBhe ate apples as he droveCan earthquake

25、began to happenDhe drove too fast解析：feel是系动词，后面跟有表语，我们知道当tire成tiring和tired时，才起到形容词的作用。答案：C3Which of the following is True according to the passage?AWhen the earthquake happened，the writer was with his daughter together.BThe writers legs and feet were badly wounded in the earthquake.CThe writer was s

26、aved as soon as the stranger climbed up the road.DThe writer was so frightened that he forgot everything that happened around him.解析：从短文的内容可知，作者在接他女儿之前发生了地震。因此，在地震发生时，他并没有和他女儿在一起。又从最后一段可知，他被救出时，已经到了第二天上午。因此，也不是在那位陌生人一看到他就把他救了出来。再从他被砸在路下面后不久，他就记起了所发生的事，所以，他并没有吓得什么也想不起来。只有他的腿和脚被严重砸伤是真实的。答案：B4Which of

27、the following shows the right order of what happened to the writer?aA stranger climbed to the side of road near his car and asked how he was going.bThe writer finished his work.cHe felt his car shaking on his way to his daughters school.dHe bought some fresh fruit in a shop.eHe was saved the next mo

28、rning.fThe writer found himself in the dark.gHe went to the Post Office.Ab，g，d，c，f，a，e Bb，d，c，g，f，a，eCd，b，c，f，g，a，e Dc，a，f，g，b，d，e解析：通读全文，我们可知，正确的顺序是：作者下班后，先去了邮局，又把车停在一家商店前，下车买了一些水果。在接他女儿的路上他感觉他的车子晃动，上面的公路塌了下来，将他砸在了路下面。他感觉自己处在黑暗之中，一位陌生人发现了他，第二天上午他被救了出来。答案：A5From the passage were sure that the writer

29、 was_.Aa teacher of a school Ba manager of a shopCa father of a girl Da worker of a Post Office解析：通过短文我们可以确切地知道作者是一位女孩的父亲，而无法确定作者是一位学校的教师，一家商店的经理或一家邮局的工人。答案：C。【冲向高考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.One showed t

30、hat adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoners Dilemma.

31、The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost t

32、o the punisher.Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group

33、with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence te

34、sts given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose p

35、arents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.Murray Strauss from the University

36、 of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nation

37、s and found them lower where spanking was more common.1Which could be the best title of the passage?A. PunishmentB. The Best Way to Influence Behavior.C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?D. Two Recent Studies.2The underlined word “spanked” probably means_.A. won B. punished C. te

38、sted D. praised3According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is_.A. rewarding good behaviorB. correcting bad behaviorC. punishing badly-behaved childrenD. praising well-behaved children试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更

39、具合作性。另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。1选择最佳标题。A项太片面；文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B；D项不够具体；根据第二段“One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.”和第六段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。2猜测词义题。根据带第

40、六段“who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。3推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数第二段“of the younger children who were not spanked were fiv

41、e points higher than those who were”和最后一段“the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C；根据第二段“adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards”和第六段“five points higher than those who were”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与奖励有关，故选A。【健康环保类阅读理解

42、】（2020模拟题）Monty Hempel is a professor of environmental sciences at Redlands University in California.He studies ecological literacyor ecoliteracy，for short.Ecoliteracy is the ability to think about and understand the natural processes that make life possible.Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives peopl

43、e knowledge about environmental problems.But he says it does not always work to get them to change their behavior.Mr.Hempel wrote part of the Worldwatch Institutes latest State of the World report.He says in his article，“Some people think that ecoliteracy is just a green form of science literacy.And

44、 what I have tried to ask is whether thats enough.In other words，what an ecologically­literate person needs to know might include things like the cycles and the flows，the energy systems，all of those kind of things that we would call the science of ecology.”“That doesnt seem to lead to action to

45、 protect our environmentto protect our life­support system to the level that we need to.Just because we know a lot about the environment doesnt mean that we actually act to save it.After all，actions speak louder than knowledge.” He adds that people may not be very worried about environmental pr

46、oblems if they seem far away.“Some people call it psychological distance.A lot of climate issues are worse in the Arctic and most of us dont spend time in the Arctic.And so，theres a certain distance.But theres also a distance thats happening in the world as it urbanizespeople spending more time in f

47、ront of screens and less time out in nature.We become，if you will，disconnected from the natural systems that used to be the key to success for a human being.”To help children discover the wonders of nature，he adds that children should learn about nature in school.But he also points out we have a hig

48、h mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action.1.From what Monty Hempel says in Paragraph 3，we learn that .A.knowledge on environment protection is not enoughB.knowledge that children learn at school is uselessC.ecoliteracy can help people understand how nature worksD.people with enough kno

49、wledge will protect the environment well答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中 Monty Hempel说的话，尤其是文中的“And what I have tried to ask is whether thats enough.”暗示仅仅有环保的知识是不够的，故最佳答案为A。2.What is especially important for environment protection in Mr.Hempels opinion?A.Knowledge. B.Action.C.Green living. D.Psychological distance

50、.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“After all，actions speak louder than knowledge.”可知Mr.Hempel的观点是行动更重要，故最佳答案为B。3.Mr.Hempel thinks people show no concern about some environmental problems because .A.they lack knowledge on environment protectionB.they have no awareness of environment protectionC.some environmental

51、 problems are not worse at allD.some environmental problems happened far away答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Some people call it psychological distance(有些人叫它心理距离).”以及“And so，theres a certain distance(这里是有一定距离的).”，可知人们对一些环境问题不关心，是因为有些环境问题发生在遥远的地方，故最佳答案为D。4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Experts th

52、ink it is the best way to learn nature in school.B.Climbing a high mountain is a good way to exercise well.C.Changing peoples attitude to environment protection is hard.D.Knowledge can help children take action to protect the environment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But he also points out we have a high mo

53、untain for people to climb from knowledge to action(但他也指出对许多人来说从知识到行动有一座高山要爬).”可知要改变人们对环境保护的态度是很难的。【2020届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。B The Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35,000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instrume

54、nts, to interactive adventures, Adlers exhibit galleries provides a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick 10-minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at these small activity carts.The Adler Planetarium Chicago i