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1、(一)小升初英语语法一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policema

2、n-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加n

3、ot,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesnt),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (dont),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,

4、变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stoppin

5、g四、be going to1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +动词原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to

6、+动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didnt +动词

7、原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,

8、再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode,

9、speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat(二)小升初英语词类:动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某

10、一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:有,就加ing读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看有无be动词(若是be going to 就用原形)没有,再看情态动词有,就用原形有,就加ed没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语是第三人称单数就加s或es没有,再看主语不是第三人称单数就用原形(2)be动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a tea

11、cher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过

12、去时。判断步骤:第一、三人称单数,就用was有,再看人称第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were看有无表示过去的时间状语第一人称单数,就用am没有,再看人称第三人称单数,就有is第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are(3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)2、名词表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如

13、果是are或were,名词就加s或es。这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。如何加后缀:a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-bedsb.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberriesd.以“f或f

14、e”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knivese.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese判断步骤:如是am、is或was原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be动词如是are或were加s或es3、形容词(包括副词)形容词表示某一事物或的特

15、征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。两个重要特征:asas中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours第三人称 he him they them his his their theirsshe her her hersit it its its人称代词:有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格,

16、动词后用宾格。物主代词:有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。5、数量词我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。(三)小升初英语句式:一、否定句:表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。有三种可能:be动词(am、is、

17、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。(3)在助动词后

18、加not。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。二、一般疑问句。表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,或No,句中没有疑问词。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动

19、词就有did。(3)把助动词后提到句首。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。三、特殊疑问句。表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词:What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How如何对划线部分提问:1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。如:His birthday is on the 5th of May .他的生日在五月五日。2、用汉语进行提问。如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。如上句When is his birthday ?四、祈使句表示请求或命

20、令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是dont加动词原形开头(有时有please)。把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加dont即可。五、时态1、一般现在时(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:The children are very happy on Christmas Day .She often does some housework at the weekend .(2)一般现在时中的be动词:一般用原形:am is aream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名

21、或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。(3)一般过去时中的动词:有两种情况:第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):be动词是am、is、are动词用原形或加s、es没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyd

22、ay、sometimes等不是具体的时间(5)有用的的依据:Be动词是is、am 名词用原形(这里包括可数名词的单数和不可数名词)Be动词是are 名词加s或es动词加s或es 主语是第三人称单数动词用原形 主语不是第三人称单数(6)情态动词:我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)六、一般过去时(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:The girls were on the grass just now .They visited my parents last weekend .(2

23、)一般过去时中的be动词:一般用过去式:was werewas用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、 his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。(3)一般过去时中的动词:一般只有一种情况:+ed这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):be动词是was、were动词加ed有表示过去的

24、时间状语现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有:just now a moment yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks agofive years ago(5)有用的的依据:Be动词是was或were 该句是一般过去时动词加ed 有表示过去的时间状语3、一般将来时(1)构成形式:Be going to +动词原形。这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打

25、算做某事。(3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有going、to和动词,且动词用的是原形 该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。4、现在进行时(1)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。(3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。七、Have、Has和There be结构1、There be结构包括there is there are there

26、 was there were2、意思都是“有”。3、和have、has、had的区别:(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:s

27、ome 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: Whats + 介词短语?(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。2010年小升初英语测试题(2)一.按要求写出各词的形式:(10)1.miss ( 三单 )_2. sh

28、ine(现在分词)_3.swim(现在分词) _4.SAT( 全写 )_5.write(现在分词) _ _6. have (过去式)_7.photo( 复数 )_e( 现在分词)_9.wear ( 过去式 )_10.day ( 反义词 )_二.词组互译:(10)1有趣的一天 2.sing in the tree3.踢足球 4.have a picnic5.上山 6.look out of the window7.半夜 8.look for9.在图书馆 10.spoil my fun三. 根据句意及首字母提示完成句子:(6')1. Whats the weather like today

29、?It's w_.Let's w_TV at home .2. In this photo the sun is s_.The birds are s_in the trees .3. Look! The ducks are e_ our picnic.Our picnic is wet . But the ducks l_ it .4. Daming often g_to school by bike . But he w_to school on foot yesterday .5. It's going to s_ tomorrow . We'll mak

30、e a snowman .6. We are l_ at some ducks.四.改错:(5')( )1.They are play with dogs ._( )2. Xiaoyong like reading books ._( )3. They drinking water now ._( )4. We are haveing dinner.( )5. Do you have some pictures?_五. 选择(10')( )1.I _ to school by bus this morning .A.walked B.went C.come D.came( )2

31、.Where is the bird ? It's _ the tree.A.inside B.in C.on D.outside( )3.My father is tall , but your father is _ him .A.all B.taller C.taller than D.tall than( )4.Mary _ a Chinese book.A.is B.has C.have D.does( )5.Ben: I want to buy a new football.Mum: _ go to the City Centre .Ben: How _ get there

32、 ?A.We, are we going to B.Let's , do we want toC.you , do we want to D.Let's , are we going to( )6. Sam's grandma and grandpa are old . Look ! They _ slowly .A.walk B.walked C.walking D.are walking( )7.This is Mr Wang's room . _ room is clean .A.His B.He C.Himself D.Her( )8. Sam and

33、Daming _ a funny day last Saturday .A.have B.has C.had D.were( )9. Here _ the photos .A.is B.are C.have D.has( )10.Look ! The ducks are _.A.swiming B.eattingC.hungrily D.hungry六.阅读理解(9')The sun , the earth , and the moonThe sun is a fixed star . It is very , very hot and it gives out heat and li

34、ght .Nine planets(行星) move around it . The earth is one of them . As far as we know , the earth is the only planet with life on it . The earth has air and water , and it gets heat and light from the sun .Life needs airs ,water ,heat and light .The earth moves arounds itself , too. It turns from west

35、 to east .The earth has a satellite(恒星) , the moon . The moon moves around the earth . There is no air or water on the moon , so there is life there .判断正误,正确写T,错误写F( 5' )( )1.The sun gives out heat and light . The earth gives out heat and light ,too.( )2. The earth and the moon move around the s

36、un .( )3. The earth turns from east to west .( )4. There is air and water on the moon.( )5.The sun sometimes hot and sometimes cold.根据短文内容选择正确答案( 4')( )1.The earth is a _.A: satellite B: a fixed star C:planet( )2._ is the only planet with life on it .A: The moon, B: The earth C: The sun( )3.The

37、earth gets heat and light from _.A. the moon B.the sun C.the other planet( )4.The earth has a satellite .It's _.A.the moon , the sun , B.the sun , C.a fixed star.七.用所给单词的正确形式填空:(5')1. Look, we _(have ) an English class .2. There _( be)a baseball game in our school next Saturday .3. A long ti

38、me ago ,there _(be)an old man who was very patient .4. Lingling _ (study )English every morning .5. Sam _(not clean )his room.八. 书面表达:给你的朋友写一封信,介绍一下你星期天去公园野餐的情况,不少于50个单词。(5')2010年小升初英语测试题(1)一.根据要求写出下列单词(5)1.cola(复数) 2.dollar(复数)3.want(三单) e(现在分词)5.Simon(所有格) 6.much(比较级)7.waiter(对应词) 8.eat(过去式)9.

39、have(过去式) 10.hungry(反义词)二、英汉互译下列短语(10分)1.两个汉堡 2.三个可乐3.多少钱 4. 进来5.坐下 6.我们所有的食品7 Enjoy your meal。 8 a cala for me9 all our food 10 have our favourite dish三、选择(10分)( ) 1 Is it really a dog?A Yes, it isn't. B No, it is. C No, it isn't.( ) 2 What do you want to eat?A Cola B Vegetables C Book( ) 3

40、 How much is the hot dog?A Two B Three dollars C Four hot dogs( ) 4 What do you drink, juice or tea?A Yes, I do. B No, I don't. C Juice, please.( ) 5 _ bananas do you want?A How much B How C How many( ) 6 What does Simon want to drink?A He wants to drink meat. B He wants to drink tea.C He want t

41、o drink milk.( ) 7 What do you want to drink?A Hamburger B Cola C Hot dog( ) 8 How many sheep are there on the hill?A Ten dollars B Twenty C Ten yuan( ) 9_ Can I help you ? _ I want a hamburger ._ A hamburger _ me, too.A to B for C of( ) 10 _How much is it ? _ It's _.A Ten dollars twenty-five ce

42、nts.B Ten dollar and twenty-five cents.C Ten dollars and twenty-five cents.四、连词成句:1.want, to , what, do, eat, you.?2.thirteen dollars, it, and, is, twenty-five cents._.3.much, a , is, how, hamburger.?4.really, a, it, hot, is, dog,?5.some, I, want, noodles, too._.五、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Does he _(want) an a

43、pple?2.My father _(want) a cola and I _(want) some milk.3.Do you want _(eat) noodles ? No.4. Can you help _(we)?5.Lets go and help _ (he).6. A cola for _(I),please.7. Can _(they) help her? I dont know.六、阅读理解: The WhitesThe Whites always get up early every day. In the morning father always goes to wo

44、rk. Sandy and Sue always go to school. Mother usually stays at home. At noon , Sandy and Sue always have lunch at school. In the afternoon , Sandy and Sue come from school. They usually arrive home early. In the evening, Sandy and Sue always do their homework. At night, they go to bed early., but it

45、's difficult for them to fall asleep.I 仔细阅读,判断下列句子是否正确。正确写T,错误写F。(5分)( ) 1 The Whites mean all the members of Mr White's family.( ) 2 Sandy is Mr White's daughter and Sue is his son.( ) 3 Mr White, Sandy and Sue leave home in the morning except Mrs White.( ) 4 Sandy and Sue can get home

46、early in the afternoon.( ) 5 Sandy and Sue like sleepingII 回答下列问题:(10分).1 How many people are there in Mr White's family?There are _.2. Who gets up early?The _.3. Mother doesn't work in a factory , does she?_.4. Sandy and Sue don't have lunch at home, do they?_.5 .Do Sandy and Sue fall a

47、sleep early?_.七、书面表达(5分)假如你去快餐店买hamburger, cola等食物,你是如何与售货员对话的,食物可以任意写,要求条理清楚,表达准确。(字数40-60词)2011年小升初英语重点短语大汇总1. put down 放下 shut down 把关上 cut down 砍掉come down下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下write down 写下 get down 下来,降落2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地one after another 相继.挨次 s

48、oon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n.到达 reach + n.到达 arrive / get +adv.到达5. getback 退还,

49、送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来at the back of 在的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,马上at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作be good at=do well in 善长 laugh at 嘲笑 notat all 一点也不 at first 起初at night 在晚上 at noon 中午 at the age of / when sb. wasyear

50、s old 在岁时at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于 at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初at the end of 在终点、结尾 at the moment /now 现在 at the foot of在脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节 at any moment 任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时, 偶尔at the doctors 在医务室 be bad at不善长7.for example 例如 for ever 永远 be good for 对有益 be ba

51、d for对有害for long=for a long time 长期 for short 简称 be short for是的简称TV is short for “television”8. come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自, 出生于come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快 come over 过来 come along 走吧,过来,快点come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来9.even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管10. be p

52、leased with 对感到满意 be covered with 被覆盖be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以自豪speak highly of 称赞 be afraid of害怕 hear of听说 (hear from sb.收到某人的来信) of cause=certainly当然可以 plenty of= a lot of许多11.by the way 顺便说 by oneself 单独,独自 by the end of到为至by the time (引起时间状语从句) 到的时候 one by one依次by air / plane 乘飞

53、机 by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/ 火车/轿车(catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to=go to by bus乘车去)12.do / try ones best 尽力 do ones homework 做家庭作业 do (the/some) shopping 购物do the cooking 烹饪 do some cleaning 打扫do the / some washing洗衣服do sport做运动do with sb / sth.处理well done干得好13.early in the mor

54、ning 一大早 in the early spring 初春 in my early days 我幼年时期early bus 早班车14.make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献 make a telephone call to sb. /ring sb. up /give sb. a call /phone sb. 给某人打电话 connectto把与连接起来 be close to 靠近(某地)give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb .15.eitheror或者或者. on either side of the stree t街道任何一边(on each si

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