专四 词汇与语法 真题

1、英语专业四级考试下文简称专四是检验学生在专业英语根底学习阶段学习成效的权威考试，其重要性不言而喻。在目前的专四新题型中，词汇语法题和完形填空题的考点相近。这两局部都把考查重点放在了词汇量、词义辨析、词组搭配、语法知识的运用等方面，因此考生可将两者合并复习，这样能起到事半功倍的作用。这两局部的解题时间为30分钟，分值占整张试卷的25%，在考试中可谓举足轻重。 从英语专业教学大纲的要求来看，专业四级考试其实只是测试学生的英语根底知识，检验他们是否已经具备进入高年级学习的专业根底。在这之前的学习其实都只是根底阶段的学习，学生进行是全面、严格的根本技能训练。而专业四级考试中的语法与词汇局部的目的是测试

2、学生掌握词汇、短语及根本语法概念的熟练程度。 很多考生盲目地复习，大量地做题，却不知道这一项考试到底是考什么内容。那么现在我们大家就一起来明确一下，专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法内容，具体如下：1. 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；'s 属格的各种意义；某些以-s 结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。2. 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法； some, any 和 no 的用法。3. 代词：不定代词one, some, anyone 及不定代词one, they, we, you, he的用法；物主代词，非

3、人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。4. 动词的时和体：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing 分词和ing分句、 ed分词和 ed分句的用法。5. 定语从句，名词性从句包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等；状语从句包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句。6. 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，附属结构包括独立结构，无动词分句，非限定分句和限定分句的转换；形容词和副词的比拟级、最高级；介词与介词词组；附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后

4、置、前置与倒装；省略。从2005年开始，语法与词汇局部恢复为30道试题，题目中约50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法结构题。从近13年的真题来看，我们不难发现英语专业四级的语法与词汇考题主要是围绕11项语法要点：附属分句、非限定动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、限定词、句子成分、倒装、动词时态、附加成分和强调句型。而考试的重点和难点那么集中在考核考生对附属分句、非限定性动词、虚拟语气、情态动词和动词时态等语法的应用上。明确了考试内容以后，我们要做的就是一步一个脚印地复习了。 问题一：请问专四考试要求的词汇量是多少？与大学英语六级相比，哪个考试词汇量要求更大？ 高等学校英语专业教学大纲规定专四水平

5、学生应认知词汇5,5006,500个，正确而熟练地运用其中的3,0004,000个及其最根本的搭配。而考生们比拟熟悉的大学英语六级考试要求5,500个单词。从考纲规定来说，专四的词汇量比六级更大，而且专四对词汇搭配、词义辨析考查得更加细化和专业；由于新六级考试已经取消了词汇语法题，因此在词汇用法的掌握方面要求明显低于专四。 问题二：专四的词汇语法题和完形填空题包含哪些题型和考点？又该如何复习？ 无论是词汇语法还是完形填空，主要包含以下六大题型，每一种题型的考点各具特色： 1近义词辨析题 表示“真实的的形容词可以有true, genuine, real等，不一而足，但含义上彼此有差异，

6、用法也不尽相同，比方true强调“符合真理的，正确的，genuine强调“非人造的，货真价实的，real那么强调“事件的真实性，可理解为“显示的，并非虚假的。此时就要注意结合考题的上下文，选择符合要求的词汇。 2词根词缀辨析题 英语单词的构成可包含三个成分：前缀(prefix)+词根(root)+后缀(suffix)。下面我们以respectable体面的，高尚的，值得尊敬的这个词为例：“re-是前缀，表示“重复做某动作；“spect是词根，意思是一个动作“看；而“-able是后缀，它首先揭示了该单词的词性是形容词，另外，这个形容词后缀的意思是“能够的，值得的。而英语中，很多单词含有相同的词根

7、，即含义上有一定的联系性，此时就比拟难判断词义用法。如respectable的同根词有respectful 态度恭敬的和respective 各自的。这三个单词的词根都是“spect，拼写也有些相似，但词义相去甚远。平时复习时，考生应当重点积累这类含有相同词根的词汇，并且背单词时要学会掌握常见词根、前缀、后缀的含义，从而在解题时才可以运用构词法知识来判断词语含义。 3动词词组题 动词词组永远是考试的重点，尤其要注意同一个动词与不同介词组合，可结合成含义不同的词组，以动词give为例：“give out表示“分发物品；“give off表示“散发出光辉或气味；“give up

8、表示“放弃；“give in表示“屈服，投降，让步。考题中常给出一个动词，而后面用什么介词与之搭配，那么需要考生在选项中选词填空。因此，考生在背单词时，需要专门花时间积累“动词+介词词组。 4从句引导词题 英语的从句包括主语从句、表语从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句等。根据从句局部在句子里不同的表情达意作用，又可细分为更多类型，如状语从句包含表示原因的原因状语从句、表示时间概念的时间状语从句、表示假设的条件状语从句；根据从句语义的重要性和语气的强弱又可进一步细分，比方定语从句可细分为限定性定语从句此时从句含义与主句紧密相关以及非限定性定语从句此时从句含义与主句联系不紧密

9、，仅起到补充说明作用。综上所述，各种从句都有各自常用的引导词，如限定性定语从句常用that引导，非限定性定语从句常用which引导，条件状语从句常用if引导，主语从句常用what引导等。考生应该根据上述从句分类，搞清常用的引导词的用法。 5逻辑连词题 这类题目通常在选项中出现表示不同逻辑关系的连词，如表示转折关系的but，表示递进关系的then，表示并列关系的and和or，表示因果关系的because, since, therefore等。此类题目要求考生理解上下文的逻辑关系，再选择符合要求的连词。平时复习时考生要把上述常考的逻辑关系词反复熟悉并练习使用。 6形近

10、词辨析题 这类题目指在选项中成心安插拼写形式相近、具有混淆功能的单词，让考生区分。如virtual与visual，前者表示“实质上的，后者表示“视觉的。对于这类题目考生只有具备扎实的词汇背记根本功，才能做到对单词的拼写形式有清晰的判断力。 问题三：能否推荐几种高效的背单词方法？每一种背单词方法适用于哪一种考试题型？ 众所周知，捧着词汇手册死记硬背绝不是积累词汇的好方法。当然，也不能迷信所谓“一天背出500个词汇的不切实际的方法。良好的词汇积累，应建立在英语构词法根底上，结合词组扩展、近义词比照及适当联想来强化记忆，从而编织出由点及面的知识网。现向各位专四考生推荐以下四大背单词方法。1词根词缀法

11、 英语词根词缀的概念之前已经介绍过，这些构词成分往往都带有鲜明的含义特色，而很多英语单词就是各个词根词缀的排列组合。如果能够熟练了解词根词缀的含义，那么当考生看到时此类生词时就能马上推测出其含义了，比方respect这个词，“re-前缀表示“重复做某事，再一次做某事，“spect那么表示“看，可由此想到：反复看某人或某事，表示心存尊敬，因此可轻松记住的单词含义。再比方前文所举例的respectful和respectable这两个词，很多考生总记不清两者的含义区分，因为都是由同一个动词respect派生出来的形容词。此时，应抓住两者唯一的不同后缀的区别来进行突破。“-able后缀表示“值得的，所

12、以respectable用以形容人或事物“值得尊敬的；而“-ful后缀表示“充满的，因此respectful是形容一个人对待他人或事物的态度“充满尊敬的，恭敬的。词根词缀法不仅是词汇记忆体系的基石，更能帮助考生有效应对词义辨析题目。 适用题型：词根词缀辨析题及其他所有词汇题 2词组拓展法 此方法指背单词时，不能只背孤立的个别单词，而是要把与之相关联的搭配用法和词组一网打尽，从而使自己的词汇量在短期内成倍数增长。如accordance (符合，依照)，考生不应仅仅满足于把单词的拼写和中文意思记住，考试中真正常考的是词组“in accordance with sth.，只有记住了单词的用法，才能在

13、考试中解答出题目。另外，也要特别关注一些看似简单的动词，如give, take与不同介词搭配的词组。 适用题型：动词词组题 3近义词串联法 每背一个单词或词组，就同时熟悉与之含义用法有类似的词汇，也是迅速而有效的背词法。如前面所提到的词组“in accordance with sth., 与另一个词组“be in line with sth.含义接近，都表示“符合，依照，因此可把含义相似的词组串联在一起同时记。而如果同义词之间含义用法有细微差异，尤其要注意辨清。适用题型：近义词辨析题 4联想记忆法 此方法指结合单词拼写特征或者在发音上与汉语的谐音效果来辅助记忆，如strong这个单词，发音非常

14、接近汉语“死壮，且单词本身确实表示“强壮之意，因此可巧妙地联想到中文来记忆。另外，对于一些拼写非常接近的词汇，尤其要利用联想来加以区分，比方：stationary是形容词，表示“静止不动的；stationery是名词，表示“文具。这两个单词发音完全相同，拼写仅在黑体字局部有一字母之差，确实很难记忆。此时可抓住唯一有区别的黑体字局部展开联想由stationery中的字母e联想到时下文案工作最常用的email，因此可记住含有e的stationery是“文具之意，而另一个同音词stationary就表示“静止不动的。1993Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes) Direct

15、ions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 35._ their policy can be changed the futur

16、e for that country will be indeed bleak. A. Even if B. Unless C. Now that D. As long as 36. She said she would work it out herself, _ ask me for help. A. and not to B. but not C. and prefer not D. rather than 37. “I bought this shirt for 35 Yuan yesterday. “Its on sale today for only 29. You should

17、have waited. “Oh really? But how _ I know? A. would B. can C. did D. do 38. They were pushed into battle _. A. unprepared B. unpreparedly C. not preparing it D. without preparing it39. She asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody. A. would be B. could be C. be D. was 40.Mr. Anderson

18、 presided _ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairman. A. at B. over C. on D. in 41.The rising crime rate is _ major concern of _ society. A. the, the B. a , / C. a, the D. / , the 42.I never regretted _ offer, for it was not where my interest lay. A. not to accept B. not having accepted C. having

19、 not accepted D. not accepting 43.I _ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mothers illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. A. am to have finished B. was to have finishedC. was to finish D. ought to finish 44.Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice _ they did befor

20、e their diet. A. more than B. as many as C. much than D. as much as 45.She may be _ experience, but she learns quickly. A. lacking B. lacking in C. in need for D. in lack of 46.David Singer, my friends father, _ raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life. A. who B

21、. if C. while D. though 47.My Scottish friend says there is _ monster in Loch Ness. A. no such thing as B. no such thing as aC. no such a thing as D. no such a thing as a 48.The university authorities are seriously considering abandoning the traditional _ class. A. fifty minutes B. fifty-minutes C.

22、fifty-minute D. fifty minutes 49._ the snake in superstitious awe. A. Mankind has held long B. Long has held mankind C. Has mankind long held D. Mankind has long held 50.On the desert travelers often see _ rivers and lakes. A. imagining B. imaginative C. imaginable D. imaginary 51.Inside the apartme

23、nt was an unpleasant smell of _ air. A. stale B. smoked C. misty D. wet 52.The album might well have _ had it been less expensive. A. worked out B. fallen through C. caught on D. fitted in 53. In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become _ at mathematics. A. proficient B. outstanding

24、C. prominent D. experienced 54.This move deprived the prisoner of his _ of escape. A. ways B. possibilities C. plans D. means 55.The house that we used to live in is in a very _ state. A. neglectful B. negligible C. neglected D. negligent 56.The ticket taker at the football game tore the tickets _.

25、A. in half B. by half C. in halves D. at half 57.I wish, if possible, to avoid any _ of my family. A. hint B. mention C. clue D. comment 58.I'm afraid this painting is not by Qi Baishi. It's only a copy and so it's _. A. worthless B. invaluable C. unworthy D. priceless 59.When her parent

26、s died, Brenda _ of the house and all its contents. A. discarded B. dispelled C. disposed D. discharged 60.The plans for the building were _ a few months ago. A. drawn on B. drawn back C. drawn out D. drawn up 61.We were filled with _ about flying in such bad weather. A. troubles B. obscurity C. ign

27、orance D. misgivings 62.We are all astonished to learn that the apparently_ professor was really a spy. A. respectful B. respective C. respectable D. respected 63.It is important that the schedule be not too _ to allow for relaxation and hobbies. A. loaded B. crowded C. filled D. squeezed 64.The mil

28、lionaire in the story had a(n)_ habit of sleeping with his sack of money laid beside him in place of a wife. A. economic B. miserly C. disgusted D. playful 1994Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked

29、A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 23. A ship with a heavy load of timber is reported to have sunk _ the coast of California. A. off B. on C. at D. in 24.Arriving at the bus stop,

30、 _ waiting there. A. a lot of people were B. he found a lot of people C. a lot of people D. people were found 25._ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work. A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 26.We can assign the task to _ is capable and trustworthy. A. whomev

31、er B. who C. whom D. whoever 27._ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first. A. Not received B. Since receiving C.Having received D. Not having received 28.So badly _ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. A. did he injure B. injured him

32、 C. was he injured D. he was injured 29.The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _ the most important of these. A. have been B. are C. being D. are being 30.It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 31.“She must

33、 be in the dormitory now. “No, she _ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago. A. mustnt B. cant C. couldnt D. wouldnt 32._ human problems that repeat themselves in _ life repeat themselves in _ literature. A. /,/,the B. /,the,/ C. The, /,/ D. The, the, the 33.Only take such clothes _ reall

34、y necessary. A. as were B. as they are C. as they were D. as are 34._you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized 35.She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them _conspicuous. A. all t

35、he more B. all the much C. all more D. all much 36.He _ the 8:20 bus because he didnt leave home till 8:25. A. couldnt have caught B. ought to have caught C. shouldnt have caught D. must not have caught 37._ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produ

36、ced no concrete proposals. A. That B. It C. This D. As 38.Please dispose _ those old newspapers while youre cleaning up the room. A. out B. of C. away D. in 39.One can _ even from ones unpleasant experiences. A. obtain B. improve C. benefit D. continue 40. This automobile plant has a monthly _ of 50

37、0 cars. A. proficiency B. capability C. strength D. capacity 41.At present there is a _ of iron and steel and more must be produced. A. limit B. loss C. poverty D. scarcity 42.He was _ admittance to the concert hall for not being properly dressed. A. rejected B. denied C. withheld D. deprived 43.Bec

38、ause of the strong sun the new sitting-room curtains have _ from dark blue to grey. A. fainted B. paled C. bleached D. faded 44.My new sweater _ when I washed it. A. shrank B. shortened C. contracted D. condensed 45.He was so _ on his work that he didnt hear her come in. A. intent B. absorbed C. eng

39、rossed D. involved 46.George has a big coffee _ on the front of his jacket. A. spot B. mark C. stain D. patch. 47.The problem has _ simply because you didnt follow the instructions in the handbook. A. assembled B. arisen C. risen D. resulted 48.Try not to say anything hurtful to her. She is a very _

40、 person. A. sensible B. sensitive C. tough D. reasonable 49.The _ driver thinks accidents only happen to other people. A. average B. common C. usual D. normal 50.The boxer _ his opponent as hard as he could. A. punched B. slapped C. knocked D. whipped 51.The Christmas present were all _ in shiny pap

41、er. A. done over B. done with C. done out D. done up 52.In the next few years major changes will be _ in Chinas industries. A. brought forward B. brought about C. brought on D. brought up 1995Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten

42、ce there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 47.Most people cant get _ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee. A. on B. through C. over D. by 48.

43、He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _ out and three men climbing down it. A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 49.He resented _ to wait. He expected the minister _ him at once. A. to be asked, to see B. being

44、 asked, to see C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeing 50.The idea of travelling through _ space to other planets interests many people today. A. a B. the C. / D. one 51.The meetings been cancelled. Ann _ all that work. A. need to do B. need have C. neednt have done D. needed not to do 52.It w

45、as not until midnight _ the snowcapped peak. A. that they sighted B. that they did not sight C. did they sight D. had they sighted 53.Youd better look at the difficulty _. A. the other way B. by the other way C. another way D. by another way 54._ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong w

46、ith Louise. A. Unless B. As C. Though D. Since 55.He prefers _. A. to write his letters rather than dictating them B. to write his letters rather than dictate them C. writing his letters rather than dictate D. writing his letters rather than have dictated them 56.You and I could hardly understand, _

47、? A. could I B. couldnt you C. couldnt we D. could we 57.He is not under arrest, _ any restriction on him. A. or the police have placed B. or the police have placed C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placed 58.We could _ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifical

48、ly asked for a small flat. A. provided B. have provided C. not provide D. not provide 59.This missile is designed so that once _ nothing can be done to retrieve it. A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 60._the two, Bob is _ student. A. Of, more diligent B. In, more diligent C. Of, t

49、he more diligent D. In, the more diligent 61._, he would not have recovered so quickly. A. Hadnt he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 62.The local council has decided to take the _ of the hotel to

50、court. A. landlord B. tenant C. client D. proprietor 63.Swarms of wasps are always invading my garden. They are a thorough _. A. nuisance B. disturbance C. trouble D. annoyance 64.The cold drink _ him after his long hot journey. A. reduced B. refreshed C. released D. recovered 65.For years she suffe

51、red from the _ that her husband might come back to her. A. vision B. idea C. imagination D. illusion 66.He went to Australia hoping to find a teaching _ without too much difficulty. A. work B. career C. post D. employment 67.The accusation left him quite _ with rage. A. quiet B. silent C. mute D. sp

52、eechless 68.As the drug took _ the patient became quieter. A. force B. effect C. action D. influence 69.From time to time, there have been _ demands that the basic wage be increased. A. insistent B. persistent C. consistent D. resistant 70.Notebooks, textbooks and school magazines were accidentally _ all over the floor. A. spread B. separated C. splashed D. scattered 71.An _ degree was conferred on the distinguished professor. A. honest B. honoured C. honorary D. honorific 72.Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will pull _. A. up B.