有关现场总线中英文翻译资料

1、中文翻译：现场总线控制系统是在自动检测控制技术和计算机网络技术飞 速发展的推动下形成的， 它是现代计算机技术和通信技术和检测控制 技术的集成，人们称之为3C(computer communication control)技术。本文首先分析了当前流行的FCS网络的结构特点、技术特点和优 势，介绍了几种较为流行的现场总线，构建了企业生产的。FCS网 络模型，并提出了在控制网络和信息网络之间加入转换接口、采用DDE技术和使用统一的协议标准三种集成方式。随着信息技术的飞速发展， 工业过程控制领域正孕育着深刻的变 革。控制要求的不断提高， 控制程度的愈加复杂使长久以来在生产中 运用的单一的经典控制理论和

2、技术已经不能满足系统的需求， 现代化 工业过程控制系统迫切地需要高级理论的支撑。 与理论发展相对滞后 形成对比的是，自动化技术工具的蓬勃发展，在经历气动仪表控制、 集中式数字控制系统到集散式控制系统后形成了新一代的网络集成 式全分布的现场总线控制系统。作为自动化领域的热点之一，现场总线己成为自动化系统与分散 的现场设备间信息交换的主要技术。PROFIBUS是国际上应用十分广泛的工业过程现场总线，主要应用于加工自动化、过程自动化、楼宇 自动化等领域。现场总线技术的不断发展， 其在计算机集散控制领域的优势已越 来越明显。现场总线具有以下特点：快速性、实时性；开放性、互 可操作性与互用性;现场设备的

3、智能化具有功能独立性;系统结 构的高度分散性；较强的抗干扰性。现场总线的最大特点是标准化 和公开性，目前国际上流行的几种现场总线均是以OSI模型为依据建立的，包括物理层、数据链路层和应用层等。现场总线中最具影响力 的有5种，分别是FF, Profitbus, HART, CAN和LonWorks。西门子推出的Profibus总线以IS07498标准为基础，以开放式 系统互联网络(OSI，Open system interconnection)作为参考模型， 定义了物理传输特性， 总线存取协议和应用功能。 该总线通过相应的 通讯模块，与系统内的远程控制设备以及其他厂商的单机控制设备相 连，采用控

4、制字的方式进行通讯和控制，可节约大量控制电缆，并且通过良好的接地处理和保护，具有极高的抗干扰能力随着社会生产规模的扩大、生产水平的提高，电气控制技术和液 压技术都在非常迅速的发展。 电气控制从继电器控制系统发展到直接 数字控制（DDC）系统、集散控制系统（DCS）到目前的现场总线控制 系统（FCS ）。现代的液压传动及控制技术已发展成一门集传动、控制、检测、计算机一体化的完整的自动化技术，并逐步趋向数字控制和全 自动化。文章从结合所研究的水电站的实际需要出发，将先进的现场总线 技术、以太网技术与传统的液压技术相结合， 并应用到水电站闸门监 控系统的实际设计过程中。 论文根据所研究水电站闸门控制

5、的具体技 术要求，设计了适合该水电站的液压启闭机系统。 文章对闸门启闭机 及其控制系统的发展状况和传统液压启闭机控制系统的局限性进行 了详细分析，并结合当前控制技术，特别是Profibus现场总线控制 技术的特点，针对所研究的水电站的实际情况提出了 “基于Profibus现场总线控制和以太网技术的闸门监控系统” 的技术方案。并根据该 方案完成了下位机（PLC控制程序）的编制和上位机（监控软件和人机 界面的组态）的组态。最后通过组建上位机与PLC的通信以太网络和 远程I/O模块与PLC之间的总线网络，实现了整个闸门监控系统的网 络化。通过该监控网络， 可实现对该水电站分居于八个不同坝段的闸 门的

6、运行及运行状态的控制与监视， 从而使得该监控系统在满足水电 站实际生产的各项要求，同时还保证了该系统具有相当的先进性。底层控制网络不再是孤立的控制系统,通过工业以太网和现场 总线技术实现网络集成,将基础自动化控制、过程控制和管理与企业 资源计划层ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning）连接在一起;提高 现场数据采集能力,增强使用灵活性,有效解决了以往控制系统提供 的信息不全,自动化控制系统与企业管理系统之间的无缝集成问题,还为实现ERP管理和管控一体化提供了良好的必要条件。在电气控制系统的设计过程中， 采用了上位机加下位机的设计模 式，组建了远程集中控制与现地控制相结

7、合的控制网络。 上位机选用 功能强大的工控组态软件一一组态王和操作方便灵活的触摸屏。 下位 机则采用可靠性高的可编程控制器和先进的Profibus现场总线完成 对现场设备的控制。可编程控制器（PLC）是以继电器逻辑控制系统为基础，逐步发展 为以处理器为中心，同时具有各类运算、控制、网络等功能的控制系 统，凭借良好的稳定性和强大的功能，使得在制造工业、电力、运输 等领域有着广泛的应用。PLC程序在主程序循环中采用循环扫描，从而对输入变量进行 周期性的检查。 程序循环通过扫描系统的输入开始， 并将它们的状态 储存在固定的存储器位置（输入图像存储器） 。然后一格格地执行梯 形图程序。对程序的扫描和求

8、解不同阶梯格的逻辑决定了输出状态。 然后，保持在存储器中的输出值被用于在程序扫描终止时同时设定和 复位PLC的物理输出。如我们知道的那样，逻辑控制是PLC个值得 注意的性能，它可被用于有效地处理模拟数据。1） 模拟数据的采集和转换 模拟输入和输出，例如需要在线测量的压力和温度。举例来说，温度首先由铂电阻采集。然后信号转换模块将实测电阻值转换成15V的电压范围。这一转换模块的输出，最后被收集和传输回上述的PLC。2）PLC的控制算法模拟变量可以是任何受控的变量， 例如在我们的卷绕系统中为温 度或压力。事实上，存在两种控制模式，自动的和手动的。在手动模 式中，操作人员根据希望的水平修改输出值；而在

9、自动模式中，输出 值由预先设计的算法加以调节。值得指出，PLC的输出总是为增量值。 虽然这里可采用自动调谐PID（比例积分微分）控制器，但在生产的 开始阶段总是用手动调谐来进行日常的初始化， 在那以后， 系统即切 换到自动模式。 我们强调指出， 用户适应模糊逻辑控制器的经验在这 里也被利用来进一步改善生产的绩效。我们推荐一种在PLC上采模糊 逻辑控制器的薄膜张力控制系统， 来应付卷绕系统的不确定性。 模糊 逻辑算法由基本的PLC指令来实现。要用固定的模型和参数来处理系统， 常规的PID就够了，但是固 定是相对的，事实上，卷绕系统的参数在一定的范围内是可变的，因 此，控制器必须有一个监控系统，用

10、于基于现场总线鲁棒性的PLC控 制的制造系统，以获得高的性能。为此目的，我们用模糊推理来调节PID的因子，通过这样的方法，PID的因子可以根据系统状态和设备参数的变化加以调节英文：The Fieldbus Control System (FCS) comes into being with the fast ofauto-control, auto-detection and computer network technology. And it is theintegration of the modern computer technology, the communicationtech

11、nology and the detection control technology, which is called the 3C(computer communication control)development.Firstly, this paper makes a detailed study on the prevalent FieldControl Systems (FCS), including the characteristics of structure &technology and advantage, introduces several popular

12、Field Buses,designs the model of field control system, and puts forward three effectivemethods to integrate between the MCN & information network underdifferent situations.With the rapid development of information technology, a deep changehas taken placed in the industry process control field. T

13、he simple controltheory used in this field for years cant meet the new requirement of thesystem any more due to the higher control target, and a more advancedtheory need to be found to support the system with higher complexity Incontrast with the slow progress of the control theory, the automatic co

14、ntroltool experienced the evolution of pneumatic meter control, centralize datacontrol system and distributed control system has made a greatachievement, that is the new net integrated and distributed controlsystem-field bus control system.Nowadays, the technology of Fieldbus has become the hotspot

15、in theresearch field of automation and become the main method ofcommunication and exchange of information in the DCS systems. And theProfibus is a kind of Fieldbus broadly used in many situations of processcontrol of industry such as automation of processing, automation ofmachining and automation of

16、 building.With the development of the fieldbus technology, its advantage hasbecame more and more notable in the field of computers centralized andseparated control. The fieldbus features:1. Fast and real-time2. Open, manipulate and alternate usable3.The functional independency of the locale equipmen

17、tsintelligence.4. The highly decentralization of system structure5. The strong anti-jammingAt present, the most popular fieldbus in the world is based on OSTmodel, Including physical layer, data link layer, application layer and etc.The FF, Profitbus, HART, CAN and LonWork are the most effective one

18、s onthis field.Profitbus, proposed by SIEMENS, is based on IS07498, which refers toOSI (open system interconnection) model and defines the specialty ofphysical transmission, protocol of bus wires storage and extraction, as wellas application function. This bus wire connect the long-distance equipmen

19、tsin system and control equipment of other manufacturer. Especially, theadoption of control word used in communication and control reduced thequantity of control cable, also. The good treatments of grand and protectionhas an every strong capability of anti- jamming.With the scale of social productio

20、n extends and the productionhorizontal exalts, the electricity control technique and the Hydraulictechnique all develop very quickly. Electricity control technique developedfrom the relay system to the direct digit control ( DDC) system、the dispersecontrol system( DCS) to the fieldbus control system

21、 (FCS).The modernHydraulic control technique have developed to a complete automationwhich include of transmit, control、testing computer technique, and graduallyturn to the digit control and full-automatic control.According to the actuality of the studied water power station, the thesiscombine the ad

22、vanced fieldbus technique, Ethernet and the traditionalhydraulic technique together ,and use them to design the supervisecontrolling system of the water power station. Base on the gate-controllingrequest of the water power station，designed the gates hydraulic hoistsystem. The thesis analyzed the dev

23、elopment of the gates hoist and itscontrol system ,and the localization of the gates operating machinestraditional hydraulic system，according to todays control technique,especially the characteristics of the Profibus fieldbus，the thesis put forwardthe project that the gate supervise controlling syst

24、em base on the Profibuscontrol and Ethernet technique，according to that project，completed PLCcontrol procedure and the procedure of the supervise and control( superviseand control software and man-machine in terface)。At last the thesis set upa Ether net n etwork for the mon itor and the PLC correspo

25、ndenceof a placeof honor machine and PLC and a fieldbus network for the far I/ O mold andthe PLC, made the gate supervise and control by network o the network cancontrol the openin、g shutting and surveillance the circulate of the eightgates ,which stand in different positions，and make the system sat

26、isfied thevarious requests of that water power stations production, and stillguaranteed the system had very advanced at the same time.Bottom layer of control net is not any longer an unaided anode. It joinsautomation control system, processing controlling-management systemwith enterprise resource pl

27、anning system to apply technology of IndustrialEthernet and fieldbus, as a result, the data acquisition capacity and flexibilityimproved, the problem on control system information shortage andintegration of auto-control system and enterprise management systemsolved, the qualification to realize inte

28、gration of ERP andmanagement-control system presented.During the designing of the electricity control system, the thesis usedthe mode that made up of monitor system and control system, formatted anetwork that is combined by far concentrates control system and nearlycontrol system .The monitor system

29、 choosesthe functional monitoringsoftware一the king monitor and the man-machine interface ,whichoperated conveniently .And the control system choosesdependablyprogrammable logic controller and advance Profibus fieldbus to completelycontrol the spot equipments .Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is b

30、ased of relay logic controlsystem; today it has developed into a powerful control system with thecentral of processor and has many functions such as all kinds ofcalculations control and network. With its excellent stability and powerfulfunctions, PLC is now widely used in manufacture industry, elect

31、ric powerfield, traffic field and etc.The PLC program uses a cyclic scan in the main program loop such thatperiodic checks are made to the input variables. The program loop starts byscanning the inputs to the system and storing their states in fixed memorylocations (input image memory). The ladder p

32、rogram is then executedrung-by-rung. Scanning the program and solving the logic of the variousladder rungs determine the output states. The updated output states arestored in fixed memory locations (output image memory). The output valuesheld in memory are then used to set and reset the physical out

33、puts of thePLC simultaneously at the end of the program scan. As we know, logiccontrol is a remarkable property of PLC, and it can be applied to efficientlyhandle analog data.1) Analog data acquisition and transformationAnalog inputs and outputs such as pressure and temperature needto be measured on

34、-line. For instance, temperature is first acquired by thePlatinum resistances.A signal transformation module then converts themeasured resistance value into the voltage range of 1-5V. The output of thistransformation module is finally collected and transmitted back to the abovePLC.2) PLC control alg

35、orithmsThe analog variables could be any controlled variable, e.g.,temperature or pressure in our winding system. As a matter of fact, thereexist two control modes, auto and manual. In the manual mode, operatorsmodify the output values according to the desired levels; while in the automode, output values are