DustcontrolProgram

1、Silica Dust Control Program1. IntroductionThe purpose of this control program is to minimize the amount of silica in workplace and reduce the protect employees from dust in everyday manufacturing. Workplace exposure to crystalline free silica can be controlled by several possible means, which may be

2、 included in a control program. The control program is the product of the workplace assessment of exposure. Several possible strategies may be used depending on the effectiveness of existing facilities and practices. Usually a combination of controls is most suitable.2. Definition:The following defi

3、nitions are provided to allow for a better understanding of this Silica Dust Control Program. Crystalline silica: Naturally occurring component in earth soils, sand, granite and many other minerals resulting in many building materials containing silica. Exposure Assessment: The initial determination

4、 to find if any employee may be exposed to lead at or above the permissible exposure level. Until the assessment is completed, employees shall take all precautions necessary to maintain exposures below the PEL. Permissible Exposure Limit: (PEL) the OSHA limit for silica dust exposure. It is set at 5

5、0µg/m3 , averaged over an 8-hour workday, as a TWA. Silica containing material: Any material, which has the potential to contain silica at levels, which may pose a hazard to employees when the material is manipulated to create airborne particles Silicosis: A lung disease caused by inhalation of

6、 silica dust. Silica dust can cause fluid buildup and scar tissue in the lungs that cuts down the ability for the lungs to fully function. The disease is not curable, but can be prevented through the use of protective systemsControl methods3. Silica assessment in working processCrystalline silica oc

7、curs naturally in the earths crust and is a basic component of sand, concrete, brick, asphalt, granite, some blasting grit and wall spackling materials. Employees can be exposed to silica when conducting activities such as: - Abrasive blasting - Jack hammering - Concrete crushing - Hoe ramming - Roc

8、k drilling- Mixing of concrete or grout- Concrete drilling - Sawing concrete or bricks- Grinding and polishing stone- Moving or dumping piles of concrete, rock or sand- Demolition of concrete or brick4. Administrative ControlsWhere silica exposures at or above the Permissible Exposure Limit have bee

9、n documented, or are expected, the appropriate engineering or administrative controls will be implemented, where feasible. Follow-up exposure monitoring may be necessary when administrative or engineering exposure controls are utilized.Typical controls during engineering as follows:- Substituting no

10、n-silica containing materials for use while abrasive blasting- Local exhaust ventilation- General ventilation- Distance- Dust control products- Use of water to keep dust down-General work practices such as good housekeeping, worker rotation, development to minimize exposure.5. Personal Protective Eq

11、uipment(PPE)In addition to administrative/engineering controls, employees may be required to wear specific PPE during the disturbance of silica containing materials and/or when airborne silica is present. The level of protection will depend on the task being conducted and the tools being utilized to

12、 complete the task.Typical PPE should be used as follows:-Disposable or reusable work clothing to keep from spraying the dust or bringing the dust home- Particulate Respirator or half facepiece reusable Respirator-Earplug Fitting-Leather gloves-Safety glasses or goggles-Boot covers or rubber boots6.

13、 Housekeeping & Hygiene FacilitiesIn areas where silica containing dust may be present, all surfaces must be maintained free from accumulations of dust to minimize potential silica exposure. Dust and other silica containing debris must be removed from the work area as soon as possible. Acceptabl

14、e method of silica dust removal includes the use of HEPA vacuum or wet methods such as wet mopping. Unacceptable methods of silica dust removal include dry sweeping, vacuum cleaners, shop vacuums, and compressed air. - PPE should be removed upon work completion and disposed of after each use- Employ

15、ees must wash hands and are recommended to shower prior to leaving work.- Ensure contaminated PPE, including footwear is not worn outside the work areasCONDITION AND PROTECTION SATISFACTORY TABLECONDITION AND PROTECTION SATISFACTORYYESNON/ACOMMENTSTools/equipment inspected regularly to ensure safe o

16、perating condition.Unsafe/unusable equipment tagged to indicate it must not be usedGrinders properly guarded.Tools stored properly.Employees properly trained in the use of tools and equipment.Tools used only for purpose for which they were designed.Handles are replaced when they become cracked or br

17、oken.Air hose connections have positive locking action or securing chain.Air hose nozzles proper type.Tools disconnected when relieving jams, making repairs, etc.Floors clean and free of hazardsPersonal Protective Equipment Rules1. Wearing your Particulate Respirator or half facepiece reusable Respi

18、ratorParticulate Respirator:1. Cup the respirator in your hand, with the nosepiece at your fingertips, allowing the headbands to hang freely below your hand. 2. Position the respirator under your chin with the nosepiece up. Pull the top strap over your head resting it high at the top back of your he

19、ad. Pull the bottom strap over your head and position it around the neck below the ears. 3. Place your fingertips from both hands at the top of the metal nosepiece. Using two hands, mold the nose area to the shape of your nose by pushing inward while moving your fingertips down both sides of the nos

20、epiece. ! Pinching the nosepiece using one hand may result in improper fit and less effective respirator performance. Use two hands. 4. Perform a User Seal Check prior to each wearing. To check the respirator-to-face seal, place both hands completely over the respirator and exhale. Be careful not to

21、 disturb the position of the respirator. If air leaks around nose, readjust the nosepiece as described in step 3. If air leaks at the respirator edges, work the straps back along the sides of your head. If you CANNOT achieve proper seal, DO NOT enter the isolation or treatment area. See your supervi

22、sor. Removal Instructions See step 2 of Fitting Instructions and cup respirator in hand to maintain position on face. Pull bottom strap over head. Still holding respirator in position, pull top strap over head and remove respirator.Half Facepiece Reusable Respirator2. Wearing Earplug Fitting:1) With

23、 clean hands, roll the entire earplug into narrowest possible crease-free cylinder2) Reach over your head with a free hand, pull your ear up and back, and insert the earplug well inside your ear canal.3) Hold for 30 40 seconds, until the earplug fully expands in your ear canal. If properly fitted, t

24、he end of the earplugs should not be visible to someone looking at you from the fronProper Fit: If either or both earplugs do not seem to be fitted properly, remove the earplug and re-insert.Removal: Gently twist earplug while slowly pulling in an outward motion for removal.Acoustical Check: In a no

25、isy environment, with earplugs inserted, cup your hands over your ears and release. Earplugs should block enough noise so that covering your ears with your hands should not result in a significant noise difference3. Wearing Safety Goggles if capable:1) Clean the safety goggles before wearing them fo

26、r the first time, using a clean, dry cloth, such as an eyeglass cleaning cloth. Clean any debris from the packaging and any smudges that could interfere with visibility.2) Slide the goggles over your head. Sit the arched portion between the goggle lenses on the bridge of your nose. Be sure that the

27、rubber strap stretches across the back of your head.3) Adjust the fit of the goggles by tightening the adjustable straps on each side. Tighten or loosen the side straps until the goggles seal against your face.4) Keep the goggles securely in place for the duration of your project, including cleanup.

28、4. Wearing Safety Shoes:1) Put on a pair of thick socks. In order for steel toe shoes to be comfortable, and for feet to stay protected and warm, thick socks are preferred.2) Slide your foot into one of the steel toe shoes. The toes go first and then slide in the heel. If you have trouble with this,

29、 loosen the laces. Do the same on the other foot. Tie the laces.3) Stand up and walk around in the shoes. Make certain that they provide enough support. Adjust the laces if necessary.CRYSTALLINE SILICA EMPLOYEE TRAININGPROGRAM SYNOPSIS:Crystalline silica is a naturally occurring substance used in a

30、wide variety of industries and construction operations such as the production of cement, sandblasting operations, the production of glass and ceramics and as a filter for water and sewage treatment. It is also a common additive in food and pharmaceutical applications and is used in the production of

31、fiber optic cables. While silica has many valuable uses, it can also present a danger when workers are exposed to excessive amounts of crystalline silica dust. In fact, each year there are hundreds of deaths and thousands of illnesses attributed to harmful exposures to silica dust. To prevent these

32、types of harmful exposures, OSHA has developed regulations for general industry, maritime operations and the construction industry. This program discusses some key requirements from these regulations as well as some safe work practices that employees can follow to protect themselves from harmful exp

33、osure to crystalline silica.Topics include characteristics and properties of silica, effects of exposure, engineering controls, work practice controls, respiratory protection and Table 1 of the construction regulation.PROGRAM OUTLINE:CHARACTERISTICS & PROPERTIES Crystalline silica is also known

34、as Silicon Dioxide or SiO2. Silica is a component of granite, sand, cement, rock and many other materials. Silica is a naturally-occurring chemical compound found in the earths crust. The most common form of silica is quartz. Two other forms of silica are cristobalite and tridymite. These various fo

35、rms of silica can become dangerous when extremely small particles, often called “silica dust”, are inhaled into the lungs. OSHA refers to this type of inhalable silica dust as “respirable crystalline silica.” Anytime you hear the term respirable crystalline silica, it is referring to silica dust tha

36、t can be inhaled into your lungs. Some operations that generate respirable crystalline silica include cutting, drilling, or grinding any type of material that contains silica. Also, employees working in manufacturing processes that utilize silica, such as glass manufacturing or foundries may also be

37、 exposed to respirable crystalline silica. This type of potentially harmful silica dust can be so small that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. This is why it is so important to always take proper precautions in order to avoid harmful levels of exposure.EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE Crystalline silica is c

38、lassified as a carcinogen of the lungs. A carcinogen is a substance that has the potential to cause cancer. As workers inhale tiny silica particles over time, they are at increased risk of developing serious, and often deadly, silica-related illnesses. In addition to lung cancer, another disease ass

39、ociated with the inhalation of silica dust is silicosis. Chronic silicosis, also known as classic silicosis, is a fibrotic lung disease that typically occurs after many years of low to moderate exposures to silica dust. Silicosis causes scar tissue to form in the lungs and as the disease progresses,

40、 the victim may experience shortness of breath during exercise and have clinical signs of poor oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange. In severe cases, silicosis can be disabling or even fatal due to respiratory failure. There is no known cure for silicosis. A less common form of silicosis is acute silicosi

41、s. This form of silicosis occurs after exposures to very high concentrations of silica. Symptoms include severe, disabling shortness of breath, weakness and weight loss. Acute silicosis often leads to death. Breathing in silica dust has also been linked to the acceleration or severity of such diseas

42、es as tuberculosis, emphysema, kidney diseases, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.REGULATIONS In order to protect workers from contracting diseases due to respirable silica exposures, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has issued Respirable Crystall

43、ine Silica Standards for general industry, maritime operation and the construction industry. When air monitoring determines that airborne levels of crystalline silica have reached the “action level” of 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air averaged over an eight-hour period, the employer must impleme

44、nt certain requirements of these OSHA regulations. One such requirement is to have a written exposure control plan for silica that outlines the tasks in the workplace that involve exposure, the engineering controls, work practices and respiratory protection used to limit exposure for each task and t

45、he housekeeping measures to be used to limit exposure to silica dust. OSHAs construction standard specifically requires a competent person be assigned to implement the exposure control plan. Regulations also require that any worker exposed to the action level of 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air

46、for 30 or more days per year must be offered a medical exam every three years. These medical exams must include a chest X- ray and a lung-function test. In addition, construction workers who are required to wear a respirator as protection from silica dust for 30 or more days per year must also be of

47、fered a medical exam every three years. The medical exams must be offered to employees at no cost. OSHA has set the permissible exposure limit, often called the PEL, of crystalline silica to be 50 micrograms of respirable crystalline silica per cubic meter of air averaged over an eight-hour work day

48、. OSHA regulations require organizations to use engineering and work practice controls as the primary means to limit worker exposure to respirable crystalline silica to below the permissible exposure limit of 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air. When engineering and work practice controls cannot ad

49、equately limit exposure, then the OSHA regulations require that employers provide appropriate respiratory protection to reduce exposure to permissible levels. The OSHA standards also require that regulated areas be established to limit employee access to areas where exposures exceed the permissible

50、exposure limit. The posting of warning signs at the entrances to regulated areas is required. To ensure that employees are aware of air sampling and exposure monitoring results, notifications should be provided to employees in writing or by posting the results in an area that is accessible to all em

51、ployees.ENGINEERING CONTROLS By far the best way to reduce exposure to silica dust is to eliminate the dust completely or reduce its presence in the work area by the use of engineering and work practice controls. There are four general types of engineering controls used to prevent exposure to silica

52、 dust: substitution, isolation, ventilation and dust suppression. Substitution is simply replacing silica with another material that is less hazardous such as crushed glass, nickel slag or aluminum oxide. Isolation is the placement of barriers around a work area where silica is used. These barriers

53、should restrict silica dust from spreading throughout the workplace. Ventilation is supplying clean air to a worker performing a task that involves silica dust or exhausting air containing dust before it can be inhaled. Dust suppression is when a water-based system is used to prevent silica dust fro

54、m becoming airborne. For example, wet-cutting masonry products is much preferred to dry cutting.WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS In addition to these types of engineering controls, work practice controls can also be used to limit exposure. Work practice controls refer to actions that employees can take while

55、working to reduce exposure to silica dust. For example, good housekeeping practices are essential in reducing the risk of exposure. Build ups of dust should be removed with a water hose or by wet sweeping to prevent creating airborne dust. Another option is to use a vacuum with a high-efficiency par

56、ticulate filter, known as a HEPA filter, to clean up silicarelated areas. You should strive to avoid using compressed air or dry sweeping these areas. These methods disperse dust particles into the air and dramatically increase the potential for exposure. Other work practice controls include the use

57、 of disposable work clothes when working around silica-containing materials and to shower and change into clean clothes before heading home.RESPIRATORY PROTECTION In many cases, engineering and work practice controls are infeasible or simply do not reduce respirable crystalline silica exposure to be

58、low the permissible exposure limit. When this is the case, employees must use respiratory protection to further limit their exposure. Anytime employees are required to use respirators, the employer must establish a written respiratory program that meets the requirements of OSHAs Respiratory Protection Standard. For many job tasks, a simple N-95 NIOSH certified respirator will provide the necessary protection