文本讲义文稿peixun nhsdlc dalian john harper

1、 About John Went to the University of St Andrews. A small but very old University in Scotland (苏格兰,北英). One of the oldest and best debating societies in the world. 在圣安德鲁斯大学，John加入并最终协助管理了联盟辩论协会，这个世界上历史最悠久的学生辩论社会。About JohnAfter University I worked in London for a few years. Coaching debating and wor

2、king in British PoliticsFirst debated when I was 12 years old, Ive travelled the world speaking, judging and coaching debating.Judged 4 European Championships, and the last World Championship. Debated at Oxford, Cambridge, LSE, Imperial I moved to China a year ago to work for the NHSDLC What is Deba

3、te?A speaking competition where two teams take opposing positions on a controversial issue.What is Debate? Different from arguments. There are rules (like a martial art) It is more structured Its not about if you are objectively right, but how well you make the arguments. This years American Preside

4、ntial primary debatesAlso in normal lifeBusinessUniversitiesThe Value of DebateShows that you can do researchShows that you can understand different points of view The Value of DebateThe Value of DebateNHSDLC FiguresNational Ranking SystemDebate!Your turnWhat should we eat?VLets try a more difficult

5、 question The Topic:What is a carbon tax? Carbon taxes are a proposal for preventing global warming10,000 yearsAAWhat is a carbon tax?A fee assessed on the carbon content of fuels Coal, oil, natural gas, and biofuelsUpstream taxCost is passed along to consumers Arguments FOR a carbon tax Will it wor

6、k? How big will the effects be? What will the costs be?Arguments FOR a carbon tax: past successesCarbon is taxed (or priced) in about 40 countries.Success stories: British ColumbiaDenmark 15% decrease in emissions Failure stories:Norway- emissions increased 43% per capitaCon arguments: hurting the p

7、oorPoor people spend a large percentage of their money on fuel and electricity.Con arguments: ineffectivenessChina already has strong environmental laws.They are often not enforced.Why will this time be different?If China uses less fuel (especially coal) will others (especially India) use more?ACon

8、Arguments: economic harmCompetitivenessEnergy-intensive industriesChemicalsCar manufacturingIron and steelMining and oil refining Economic SlowdownChinas growth is slowing downVaries by district, some areas down to 2% growthWhat incentives do local governments have?AResearch the topic in newspapers,

9、 encyclopedias, academic articles, etc.- Remember to look at NHSDLC.cn Write cases for PRO and CON of this resolutionPractice with your partner and teammates.What to do Before RegionalsDefinitionsFrameworkContentionsMaking a Case (案例)Topic: “The Chinese central government should adopt a carbon tax.”

10、Framework: All people are equal, including future people. So whichever team does the most good, including for future people, should win the debate.Framework and the TopicTopic: “The Chinese central government should adopt a carbon tax.”Framework: Most humans still live in extreme poverty, and govern

11、ments need money to fix this. So whichever side is best for the economy should win the debate.Framework and the TopicClaimWarrantLogical AnalysisEvidenceImpactHow Do We Write a Contention?Pro:China must reduce its CO2 emissionsClaim(Facts)China is responsible for 27% of CO2 emissions worldwide. As C

12、hinas population grows and emissions fall in the US and Europe, this percentage will probably increase in the future.Warrant(Logical analysis)This means that Chinas choices will set the future course of CO2 emissions, which in turn will determine how much global warming happens.WarrantGlobal warming

13、 is a threat to every person in every country. It puts people and their property in danger, risking physical harm and economic disaster.If China has an opportunity to reduce its CO2 emissions, it should do so for the sake of all humanity.ImpactA carbon tax will reduce Chinas CO2 emissionsClaimWhat c

14、omes next?How can you make this argument?ThinkIf you are confused, take a look at an example case. Go to log in and go to the resources tab.CasesCasesIn the same way there are different martial arts and sports styles, there are different type of debate.The one we use is called Public ForumBased on t

15、he debates in American television and politics. Includes both making your own speeches and responding to other peopleThe Rules of Public ForumImportant Rules 2 Teams in a Room 2 Debaters to team Each speaker speaks twice You flip a coin to decide pro and con, and first and secondTeam A Speaker 2Team

16、 B Speaker 2Team A Speaker 1Team B Speaker 1Constructive speech 5 minutes Constructive speech 5 minutes Rebuttal speech 4 minutes Rebuttal speech 4 minutes Crossfire 13 minutes Crossfire 23 minutes Team A Speaker 2Team B Speaker 2Team A Speaker 1Team B Speaker 1Summary speech 2 minutes Summary speec

17、h 2 minutes Final Focus speech 2 minutes Final Focus speech 2 minutes Grand Crossfire3 minutes Not: Style, English, How fast you speak, how well you dress, knowing more statistics. But: Good content; Specific refutation; Links to a framework.How Do You Win?Solution: Read one English language article

18、 every day.Watch English language movies, listen to English language music.Practice, practice, practice!But my English is bad!IT DOESNT MATTERDebating isnt an English competition. You are not judged on pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar, but on your research and arguments. But my English is bad!4月09日-10日青岛地区比赛4月16日-17日济南和苏州地区比赛4月23日-24日 大连