工业自动化和控制网络介绍

1、 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialIntroduction to Automation and Control Network工业自动化和控制网络介绍 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialIntroduction to Automation and Control （自动化与控制简介）Industrial Network Protocols （工业控制网络协议）Profin

2、et Modbus/TCPEtherNet/IP CIP (Common Industrial Protocol)Industrial Resilience Protocols （工业网络弹性协议）MRPREPAgenda (议程） 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential自动化和控制介绍Introduction to Automation and Control 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Co

3、nfidential开始之初Motion in the manufacturing space was accomplished with human, wind, water (including steam), and great beasts (horses). With the advent of electricity and electric motors the use of logical circuits to control motion from fluid power actuators and motors and electric motors began to t

4、ake shape. Often distributed across the entire manufacturing plant, or refinery or mine. 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialTo improve the efficiency of wiring and control large relay control cabinets were constructed and located in key central locations. The lo

5、gic was basic Boolean using timers, relays, and counters.Problems remained and new problems came to pass:Human motion and energy was still much required Troubleshooting these panels were time consuming and required intuition as well as skill. Much was analog.中心化 Centralization 2017 Cisco and/or its

6、affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialA solid state device that controls output devices based on input status and a user developed program.Receives input data from sensorsMakes decisions based upon the input data and pre-programmed logicSends control signals to actuators in real-timePLC

7、（可编程逻辑控制器）(Programmable Logic Controller) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialInput Module: Device that receives input signals from multiple sensors and combines them into messages for transmission on a networkOutput Module: Device that receives network messages

8、containing multiple control signals and separates them for control of individual outputsI/O 设备 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialSensor: Device that measures some element of the physical process and converts that measurements into an electric input signalActuat

9、or: A type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system.Cell control: An area/zone containing sensors for gathering information from the manufacturing process, as well as actuators for implementing the manufacturing process传感器和驱动器 Sensor and Actuator 2017 Cisco and/or

10、 its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialHMI is a device or group of devices that:Receives data from a controller and displays it for operatorsAccepts commands from operators and transmits them to a controller人机界面 Human Machine Interface (HMI) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rig

11、hts reserved. Cisco Confidential过程控制回路 Process Control LoopHMI 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential工业网络协议Industrial Network Protocols 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialUsed for data communication between automation and contr

12、ol devicesMajor industrial automation protocols include: EtherNet/IP CIPProfinetModbus TCPNetwork redundancy protocols include:REP (Resilient Ethernet Protocol)MRP (Media Redundancy Protocol)DLR (Device Level Ring)工业自动化协议Industrial Automation Protocols 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights re

13、served. Cisco Confidential工业网络协议概览Industrial Network Protocol Overview 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential市场份额Market Shares*Control Engineering Magazine Ethernet Study, November 2013IMS Research, 2013 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco

14、Confidential工业网络协议用途Industrial Network Protocol Usage 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPROFINET 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialIndustrial Ethernet Standard published by PI (PROFIBUS & PROFINET International)Protect

15、 legacy asset (compatible with PROFIBUS), improve efficiency, increase uptime An object-oriented application to serve in device network to collect information, push configuration and diagnosis including monitor switch alarmsPROFINET uses GSD file (General Station Description) to describe properties

16、and functions of field devicesUsed in discrete, process application, motion control, vertical integration, safety, power energy savingPROFINET介绍 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPROFINET NRT (Non Real-Time)Standard TCP(UDP)/IPPROFINET CBAConfiguration, diagnos

17、tics, managementNon time critical status informationPROFINET RT (Real Time)802.1p tagged L2 FramePrimarily PROFINET IO, some PROFINET CBAControl traffic, time critical alarms and messagingPROFINET IRT (Isochronous Real-Time)All device clock/bus cycles synchronizedPROFINET协议栈TCP/UDPEthernetIPHTTP(S),

18、 SNMP, SocketRTIRTScheduled EthernetPC / HMIRemote IOPLCDrivePROFINET 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialMinimum of 3 devices to make a PROFINET system:IO Controller Typically a PLC on which the automation program runsIO Supervisor A programming device (ES), per

19、sonal computer (PC), or human machine interface (HMI) device for commissioning, control or diagnostic purposesIO Device A distributed I/O field device that is connected via PROFINET IO PROFINET设备术语IO ControllerIO DeviceIO Supervisor 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confid

20、entialGeneral Station Descriptor. An XML file used to describe the properties of deviceContains the devices default symbolic (logical) nameDescribes configurable settingsIdentifies slots/modules/channels that provide IONo IO data in Slot 0 this is the Device Access Point (DAP)IO data or alarms alway

21、s comes from sub slots or channelsIs used by IO Supervisor (e.g. SIMATIC STEP7) to program IO ControllersPROFINET GSD文件Slot 0 Slot 1Slot 2Slot 3Bus InterfaceDAPSub slot1Sub slot2Sub slot1Sub slot1Sub slot3Sub slot4Sub slot2Channel 1Channel 2Slot 0Slot 1Slot 2Subslot 0 x8001Subslot 0 x800ASubslot 0 x

22、8003DAP 0 x8000PROFINET VLANSubslot 0 x800BSubslot 0 x8013 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialDefines the “networking” capabilities for individual devicesPROFINET 一致性分类（Conformance Classes）Conformance Class C (CC-C)Conformance Class B (CC-B)Conformance Class A (

23、CC-A)Standard Ethernet ComponentsCertified Devices and ControllersInfrastructure Manufacturer CertifiedCopper, Fibre, Wireless (all)CommunicationTCP/IP, RTCyclic I/O (100-512ms)AlarmsLLDP for Topology InformationRedundancy Class 1 (Optional)Typical ApplicationsBuilding AutomationStandard Ethernet Co

24、mponentsCertified InfrastructureCopper, FibreCommunicationLLDP-MIB for InformationLLDP PROFINET TLVsCyclic I/O (1-10ms)SNMP DiagnosticsSupport PDEV ProfileRedundancy Class 1 (Required)Redundancy Class 2 (Optional)Typical ApplicationsFactory AutomationProcess AutomationProprietary Ethernet Components

25、Deterministic Ethernet - IRTCommunicationIRTCyclic I/O (250s-1m)Time Synchronisation (PTP)Hardware Bandwidth ReservationRedundancy Class 1 (Required)Redundancy Class 2 (Required)Redundancy Class 3 (Required)Typical ApplicationsMulti-axis Motion Control 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights re

26、served. Cisco ConfidentialConnection between distributed IO Devices and Controllers.Enables “Real-time” operationDefines three communication channelsPROFINET NRT Non-Real-TimePROFINET RT Real-TimePROFINET IRT Isochronous Real-TimeIP application protocols for configuration and maintenance functions:

27、DHCP, DNS, SNMP, HTTP/SPROFINET 定义了2个程序类Component Based AutomationBuilt on DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model) and RPC (Remote Procedure Call) technologiesObject oriented approach to communications between distributed islands of automationProvides a scalable architecture for dealing with compl

28、ex distributed automation and control systemsPROFINET CBAPROFINET IOIntelligent Data Exchange Between Machines= TCP/UDP/IP Ethernet UDP / Ethernet Time-Sync EthernetHMI/SCADA, PROFINET CBAIT ApplicationsPROFINET CBA/RTPROFINET IOPROFINET IRTMotion ControlNon Real-time100ms cycleReal-time10ms cycleIs

29、ochronous Real-time1ms cycleStandard (IT) CommunicationsResponse 100msFactory AutomationResponse 10msMotion ControlResponse 1ms 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPROFINET NRT (Non Real-Time)Response (cycle) times of up to 100msStandard TCP(UDP)/IPUsed by PROFIN

30、ET CBA and PROFINET IOConfiguration downloads, diagnostics, managementNon time critical status informationPort 34964 UDP/TCP for PROFINET Context ManagerPort 34962 UDP/TCP for PROFINET IO UnicastPort 34963 UDP/TCP for PROFINET IO MulticastContext manager creates and manages communication relationshi

31、psPROFINET IO 通信信道Communication ChannelsTCP/UDPEthernetIPHTTP(S), SNMP, FTP, VoIP, etcPROFINET IORTIRTScheduled EthernetPC / HMIRemote IOPLCDriveSimplified OSI StackPROFINET CBA 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPROFINET RT (Real Time or Soft Real-Time)Cycle ti

32、mes of up to 10ms802.1p tagged L2 FrameCalled “in-subnet” trafficPrimarily PROFINET IO, some PROFINET CBAControl traffic, time critical alarms and messagingEthernetIPTCP/UDPHTTP(S), SNMP, FTP, VoIP, etcPROFINET IORTIRTScheduled EthernetPC / HMIRemote IOPLCDriveSimplified OSI StackPROFINET CBAPROFINE

33、T IO 通信信道Communication Channels 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPROFINET IRT (Isochronous Real-Time)Cycle times of up to 1ms with less than 1s jitterAll device clock/bus cycles synchronisedStandard L2 FrameUses IEEE 1588 PTP with extensionsRequires proprietar

34、y ASIC and an FPGA! CC-CPROFINET IO for complex motion control trafficNiche applications - 5% typically in a factory/plantNot supported by Cisco switchesEthernetTCP/UDPHTTP(S), SNMP, FTP, VoIP, etcPROFINET IORTIRTScheduled EthernetPC / HMIRemote IOPLCDriveSimplified OSI StackPROFINET CBAIPDefinition

35、:Isochronal or isochronous (ahy-sok-ruh-nuhs)-adj1.Having the same time duration; equal in time2.Occurring at equal time intervals; having a uniform period of vibration or oscillation From Greek isokhronos, iso + khronos timePROFINET IO 通信信道Communication Channels 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. Al

36、l rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialEtherNet/IP 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialEtherNet/IP协议协议 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialCIP - Common Industrial ProtocolMessages and Services for Industrial AutomationUDP Real T

37、ime I/O ControlTCP Explicit MessagingOpen standard ODVA Media IndependentDeviceNet, ControlNet, CompoNet,Ethernet/IPEtherNet/IP CIP协议协议 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialEtherNet/IP CIP消息消息(Messaging)Explicit MessagesTCP/IP Communications ProtocolUnscheduled Re

38、quest/ResponseUsually Triggered by the PLCExamples:PLC to Drive MSG InstructionDevice DiagnosticsProgram Upload/Download 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialImplicit MessagesReal Time Controlof Inputs and OutputsTime Critical, ScheduledUDP Communications Protocol

39、RPI Setting Schedules Updates(Requested Packet Interval)Unicast or MulticastTTL=1EtherNet/IP CIP消息消息(Messaging) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialEtherNet/IP CIP ExtensionsCIP SafetyFunctional Machine SafetyGuardsSafety GatesLight CurtainsSIL 3 Certified - IEC

40、61508Standard and Safety I/O on the Same NetworkSafety I/OSafety I/OController I/OSafety ControllerI/OHMIVFDServo DrivePLCServo Drive 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialEtherNet/IP CIP扩扩展展 （ （CIP Extensions） ）CIP MotionDeterministic, Real-time, Closed Loop Motio

41、n ControlFull Standard Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 and TCP/IP ComplianceUses IEEE-1588 PTP (Precision Time Protocol) SynchronizationUp to 100 Coordinated Servo Axes w/ 1ms UpdateSafety I/OSafety I/OController I/OSafety ControllerI/OHMIVFDServo DrivePLCServo Drive 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights

42、 reserved. Cisco ConfidentialCIP SyncIEEE 802.3 Precision Clock Synchronization Sub-millisecond TimestampsUsed Cases:Pharma audit trailPower Gen SOE/Fault AnalysisMultiple Controller Time ManagementPrecision Action CoordinationSafety I/OSafety I/OController I/OSafety ControllerI/OHMIVFDServo DrivePL

43、CServo DriveEtherNet/IP CIP扩扩展展 （ （CIP Extensions） ） 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus TCP 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus 用于哪里？ Used in multiple master-slave applications to monitor and program devices; to

44、 communicate between intelligent devices and sensors and instruments To monitor and program field devices using PCs and HMIs Modbus is also an ideal protocol for RTU applications where wireless communication is required. For this reason, it is used in innumerable gas and oil and substation applicati

45、ons Modbus is not only an industrial protocol, Building, infrastructure, transportation and energy applications also make use of its benefits 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus 为何使用？ Developed with industrial applications in mind Openly published and roya

46、lty-free Easy to deploy and maintain Moves raw bits or words without placing many restrictions on vendors 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus TCP介绍 To move Modbus into the 21st century, an open Modbus TCP/IP specification was developed in 1999 Modbus TCP i

47、s simply the Modbus RTU protocol with a TCP wrapper that runs on standard Ethernet Since Modbus TCP shares the same physical and data link layers of the OSI stack and the same TCP/IP suite of protocols, it remains fully compatible with the already installed Ethernet infrastructure (cables, NICs, swi

48、tches) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus TCP-术语 Client - Scanner Server Adapter The Client devices send read and write messages to the Server devices. Clients can connect to multiple Server devices and request data from all of them. Server devices usuall

49、y support a connection with a single Client but may offer multiple Client connections. When multiple Client connections are supported, only one connection is allowed to write data points in the Server. 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus TCP 为何使用？ Simplici

50、ty: Modbus TCP/IP simply takes the Modbus instruction set and wraps TCP/IP around it. If you already have a Modbus driver and you understand Ethernet and TCP/IP sockets, you can have a driver up and running and talking to a PC in a few hours. Development costs are exceptionally low. Minimum hardware

51、 is required, and development is easy under any operating system Open: The Modbus protocol was transferred from Schneider Electric to the Modbus Organization in April 2004, signaling a commitment to openness. The specification is available free of charge for download, and there are no subsequent lic

52、ensing fee 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialModbus TCP - Why Standard Ethernet: There are no exotic chipsets required and you can use standard PC Ethernet cards to talk to your newly implemented device Availability of many devices: Interoperability among diffe

53、rent vendors devices and compatibility with a large installed base of Modbus-compatible devices makes Modbus an excellent choice 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential工业网络弹性协议 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential工业弹性协议比较Industri

54、al Resiliency Protocol Comparison MRPDLR REPIndustrial switchesIE2000, IE4000RA Stratix 5700, 5400, 5410All IE switches & Cisco catalystsConvergence time 50-200ms 4ms 50-200msMax validated ring size50 nodes5050Multiple ringsyesyesyesInteroperabilityYes on 3rd party nodesYes, 3rd party DLR nodesO

55、n Stratix switches Implementation SoftwareHardware (FPGA)SoftwareApplicationProfinet Automation networkEtherNet/IP Automation networkCPwE plantwide network 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialMRP 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confid

56、ential媒体冗余协议MRP(Media Redundancy Protocol)L2 ring redundancy protocolRecommended for NRT (TCP/IP) and RT trafficStandardised as IEC 62439-2:2010 (new version due soon!)Support is mandatory for CC-BLimited to single ring topologyMRP switches enable multiple rings to be joinedDefines 4 specific recove

57、ry time limits:10ms for max of 15 switches (FastMRP)30ms for max of 50 switches (FastMRP)200ms for max of 50 switches500ms for max of 50 switches 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential何谓MRP环？Media Redundancy Protocol MRPEnables a redundant PROFINET Network through

58、ring topologyEliminate switches in the ringEasy maintenance Origins from Hirschmann/Siemens HiPER-RingDefined in IEC/EN 62439-2 since 2008Based on IEEE 802.3 & 802.1D, operated in MAC layer 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialMRP的元素构成 MRP Profile: supports th

59、e 200ms (recovery timer) MRM: Manager node, sends control frames to check ring stateMRC: Client node, reacts or receives configuration from Manager NodeMRP port states: disabled, blocked, forwarding Disabled: drop all frames received Blocked: drop all frames except the control frames Forwarding: for

60、ward all the received framesMRP sends 3 types of control frames: Test frame to monitor ring status TopoChange frame to detect failure/recovery port LinkChange frames, notification sent from MRC to MRM 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialMRP拓扑结构：1个管理、多个终端MRP Topology: One Ma