2010河南专升本天一阅读、范文密押

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 Reading ComprehensionPassage 1What Is a Lie?What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself.” In fac

2、t, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, wome

3、n are better liars than men, particularly when telling a“white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious li

4、es, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way peoples behaviour changes

5、in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of

6、the face, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book

7、Man Watching calls“the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop h

8、imself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole

9、 number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.1. According to the passage, a“white lie”seems to be a lie . A. that other people believe B. that other people dont believe C. told in order to avoid offending someone D. told in order to take advantage of someone2. Research s

10、uggests that women . A. are better at telling less serious lies than men B. generally lie far more than men do C. often make promises they intend to break D. lie at parties more often than men do 3. Researchers find that when a person tell lies . A. his blood pressure increases measurably B. he look

11、s very serious C. he tends to make some small changes in his behaviour D. he uses his unconscious mind4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they tell lie is that . A. they wish they were somewhere else B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying C. they want to cover t

12、heir mouths D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies5. Which of the following may best betray a liar? A. The touching of the tip of ones nose. B. The changes of ones behaviour. C. “The mouth cover” gesture. D. The circumstances in which his lie is told.Passage 2Fighting Against Hunger

13、Hunger around the world can be reduced 50 percent by the end of the 1990s. That is the conclusion of scientists and others who met in Bellagio, Italy, several months ago. The people at the meeting were experts on hunger. They reported that at least five hundred million persons in the world suffer fr

14、om hunger. They noted that several nations still have severe shortages of food. But, the experts said, there is progress. For example, China and India have reduced hunger sharply in recent years, and studies have shown which methods work best at reducing hunger in other parts of the world. The exper

15、ts meeting in Italy urged public officials and aid groups to take four steps to reduce hunger.The first step is to end mass hunger of famine. They said neutral international organizations should protect civilian food supplies in areas at war. They also said nations should improve their methods of se

16、nding food to emergency locations.The second step is to produce more food for the worlds poorest families. The best way is with more modern farming methods. The green revolution made it possible for India and other nations to greatly increase harvests, yet these farming methods are far from perfect.

17、 They do not work everywhere, and they can cause environmental damage. They also must create program that bring food directly to the very poor.The third step is to protect mothers and young children against food shortages. The experts said mothers and young children suffer the most from hunger. Many

18、 lives can be saved by making sure they are the first to get assistance.Finally, the experts urged efforts to overcome two serious medical problems linked to food shortages. The first is a lack of iodine. One hundred ninety million persons suffer from goiter(甲状腺肿)and other illnesses because they get

19、 too little iodine. The other problem is even more widespread. It is a lack of vitamin A. Both iodine and vitamin A can be supplied.The experts meeting in Bellagio, Italy, said taking these four steps would cut world hunger in half by the beginning of the next century.1. The experts meeting in Italy

20、 urged public officials and aid groups to take to reduce hunger. A. three steps B. five steps C. four steps D. a series of steps2. The countries that have reduced hunger sharply in recent years include . A. Malaysia & India B. Cina & India C. India & SingaporeD. India & Thailand3. Ac

21、cording to the passage, the green revolution is a way to increase harvests . A. but it does not work everywhere B. and it works everywhere in the world C. but it is money consuming D. and it works only in India4. It is who suffer the most, according to the report. A. mothers and children B. mothers

22、and adults C. mothers and teenagers D. mothers and young children5. The two serious medical problems linked to food shortages are . A. lack of iodine and vitamin A B. lack of vitamin C and iodine C. lack of iodine and vitamin D D. all of the abovePassage 3Making Use of WasteIn an age when waste toda

23、y means a lack tomorrow, making use of every available resource becomes more and more important. As coal is being used in greater and greater amounts to produce electricity, larger amounts of ash, by-prod-cuts of coal, are produced. When coal is burned in a boiler, two kinds of ash by-products are p

24、roduced: a heavy bottom ash and a fine-as-powder fly ash that is filtered and captured by precipitators. About 10 to 15 percent of the coal by-product is bottom ash which is used like sand on icy city streets and highways and also on highways as paving material. It is the fly ash, however, that is r

25、eceiving the greater amount of attention. Fly ash may be used as an additive to concrete in the construction of dams, bricks, and roads, and can replace up to 20 percent of the cement used in concrete. As a by-product of burned coal, fly ash requires no additional expenditure of energy to be produce

26、d, where cement production requires great amounts of energy.In addittion to using fly ash as a concrete, the technology is availably to extract the main mineral componentsaluminum, silicon, and magnetics. Today, extracting these components is a very expensive process, but the time may come when it i

27、s cheaper to extract these products from ash than to mine new supplies.1. What can be used as a material to pave roads? A. The coal by-product. B. Additive. C. Fine-as powder fly ash. D. Both B and C.2. What is a by-product of burned coal? A. Aluminum, silicon, and magnetics. B. Paving material. C.

28、Fly ash. D. A concrete additive.3. Fly ash can partly take the place of . A. paving material B. cement C. concrete D. the coal by-product4. According to the passage, what attracts mans greater attention? A. Fly ash. B. The construction of dams, bricks, and roads. C. Extracting aluminum, silicon, and

29、 magnetics from ash. D. The available technology.5. What can be extracted from fine-powder fly ash? A. Aluminum, silicon, and magnetics. B. Additive. C. Paving material. D. Cement.Passage 4Early FilmsThe earlier films were short, lasting only one minute or less. People could, for one cent, see simpl

30、e action films of trains, fire engines, parades, crowds on city streets, and similar subjects. Soon 20-minute pictures of news items were being shown in theaters at the end of the regular stage show. Later, films used a new method(putting the beginning of one scene upon the end of the scene before)f

31、or magical effects and to tie a story together. In 1903a film was made about a train robbery. Much of the action took place at the same timethe robbers escaping, the men meeting and planning to capture themand the scenes moved smoothly, back and forth, from one scene to another instead of unnaturall

32、y showing each scene separately. This was the earliest successful film in which scenes were filmed at different places and times and then combined to make a logical story. A short time later, theaters showed for five cents a whole hours entertainment of short filmscomedy, travel, and drama. These fi

33、lms were simple and rough, and many were vulgar. Gradually, the tastes of the audiences improved as the techniques improved.Before 1910 actors were employed in films without their names being given, because the producers were afraid that, if an actor became well known, he might demand more money, Bu

34、t later it became known that a film with a popular actor in it could be sold at higher price to theater owners than could a film in which the actor was not known. Soon“movie stars”won fame wherever films were shown. By 1915 the most popular stars were earning as much as $2,000 a week, and large thea

35、ters were being built downtown in all the larger cities to show films alone. The films shown in those theaters were of several types: comedies, emphasizing speed, movement, and camera tricks; “westerns”, which showed, then as now, the American cowboy fighting on the side of law and justice; murder m

36、ysteries and crime stories, and special films on art, music, and other cultural subjects.1. Pictures of parades shown in the first films went on for no more than . A. one minute B. 20 minutesC. 1 whole hour D. about two minutes2. It was not until 1903 that people began to make films . A. by using ma

37、gical effects B. by naturally joining the scenes together in a story C. at a railroad station D. by putting the beginning of one scene upon the end of another3. The first successful film in which the pictures were taken at different places and times and then put together logically was about . A. a t

38、rain accident B. the robbery of a train C. a story of a train D. the capturing of the robbers4. It was most likely that“movie stars”began to appear . A. as early as 1903 B. not until 1910C. in 1915 D. after 19155. This passage is mainly about . A. modern movie developmentB. early movie stars C. vari

39、ous types of films in the early 20th centuryD. history of film-makingPassage 5Let Children Learn by ThemselvesLet children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times

40、a day the difference between the language he uses and the language like other peoples. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn without being taughtto walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicyclecompare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly

41、 make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becom

42、es dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or

43、science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he cant find the way to get the right answer. Lets end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all

44、 out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea th

45、at there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of ones life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say,“But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on the world?”Dont worry

46、! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.1. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?A. By imitating what other people do. B. By making mistakes and having them corrected.C. By listening to explanations from learned people. D. By asking a grea

47、t many questions.2. What does the author think the teacher should not do?A. They give children correct answers. B. They point out childrens mistakes to them.C. They allow children to mark their own work. D. They encourage children to copy from one another.3. The passage suggests that learning to spe

48、ak and learning to ride a bicycle are .A. not really important skills B. as important as other skillsC. basically different from learning other skills D. basically the same as learning other skills4. Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because childrens progress should only be estimated by .

49、A. educated persons B. the children themselves C. each other D. parents5. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are .A. too independent of others B. too critical of themselvesC. unable to think for themselves D. unable to use basic skillsPassage 6The Father and His Childs Achie

50、vementA fathers relationship to his childs current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study and appraise.A recent survey of ove

51、r 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London, England, revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did measurably better in school than did those children whose fathers were not involved in these activities. Th

52、e study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1958, from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored as much as seven months higher in reading and math than did those children whose only i

53、nvolved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental re

54、sponsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of paternal parenting took place in the families of only children. As the number of children and financial obligations increased, the fathers apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size

55、or financial condition of the family, a fathers active participation in the childs development made a definite difference in the childs progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the childs level in math and reading, a f

56、athers employment on late shifts appeared to have little effect on the childs academic progress. The data from the study was obtained primarily through interviews from parents, teachers and physicians.1. The main discovery in the study made by some scientists was that .A. children in large families tended to do poorly in schoolB. the fathers influence played a significant factor in the level of childs academic progressC. mothers were subjective in evaluating the roles played by fathersD. there was a correlation between socio-economic stat