UnitGreatminds语法知识

1、Unit 2 Great minds (2)Date:_ name:_【语法专项】动词不定式动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。一、动词不定式作定语动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。He is always the first（person）to come to school. （主谓关系）她总是第一个到学校（的人）。I'm t

2、he only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系）I have a letter to answer. 我有封信要回。（动宾关系）1、如果动词不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系且动词为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点，工具等，应有必要的介词。 He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子没有什么可担心的。 2、如果动词不定式修饰time, place, way 等，可以省略介词。He has no pl

3、ace to live. 他没有地方住。 3、如果动词不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可以用主动式，也可以用被动式。Have you got anything to send? = Have you got anything to be send ?你有什么东西要寄吗？意注 二、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard i

4、s necessary. 努力学习是有必要的。It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty. 帮助穷人是他的责任。 【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型：1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth 当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever,

5、foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。Its very kind of you to do that. 你那样做真好。Its necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day. 2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day.他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作

6、业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。It was great fun to have a party there. 在那里举行聚会很有意思。It was a great pleasure work with you. 和你们一起工作非常愉快。三、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish. 她的愿望是当一名老师。Our job is to look after the animals. = To look

7、after the animals is our job. 我们的工作是照顾那些动物。  【语法专练】一、单项选择。1. Why dont you go out to play, Rose? Im afraid I can't. I have much homework . A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 2. I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better not. It's bad for you too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eatin

8、g D. ate 3. It took us two hours writing this report. A. to finish B. finish C. finish D. finishing4. Many animals have no place because our villages and farms are growing bigger. A. lived B. living C. to be living D. to live5. Itll be cheap everywhere by plane in the future. A. travel B. travels C.

9、 travelling D. to travel6. My wish is a house of my own. A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having7. Would you like something ? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks8. He is an easy man . A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with9. It's our duty the room every day. A. to c

10、lean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans10. He loves praise. He is always the first and the last . A. of coming ; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving11. There is nothing . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worry D. worry about12. It is careless the same mistake in your composition . A. for you to make B. for you making C. of you to make D. of you making13. _ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking14. The chair looks very old, I want a new one . A. sit B. to sit on C. sat D. sit on15. is useful for our health. A. Do morning exe