名词性从句中的虚拟语气（讲义）

1、.高中英语名词性从句中的虚拟语气1. 通过本课的学习，可以全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的根本用法。2. 通过本课的学习，可以初步理解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的详细用法。重点：掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。难点：wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考察主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中屡次出现对虚拟语气的考察，考察难度不大。一、主语从句中的虚拟语气：1. It iswas + 形容词+ that从句当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate,

2、 proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。 2. It iswas + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / .that-clause注意：这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“should动词原形。其中should可省略。should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然。It is important and ne

3、cessary that we should master a foreign language. 精通一门外语对我们来说是重要而且必要的。It is proper that an independent inquiry should take place. 进展独立调查很适宜。It is strange that he should refuse your help. 他竟然回绝你的帮助真是奇怪。It is surprising that you should not understand me! 你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！Its a pity that you should miss a

4、 good chance. 你竟然错过一个好时机真是遗憾。It is suggested that he should not spend too much time watching TV.有人建议他不应该花太多时间看电视。It is proposed that the plan should be delayed. 有人建议推延这项方案。Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. Who is Yang Liwei?What a question! It is surprising _ the first spaceman in Chi

5、na. A. you didnt know our national hero B. to you not to know himC. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about答案：C思路分析：在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形，其中should 含“竟然之意，是最正确答案。二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：1. wish后宾语从句须用虚拟语气：表示与如今事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用过去式were；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用had+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或者不大可

6、能实现的愿望，从句谓语须用would / could / might+动词原形。2. 与坚持、命令、建议及要求四类词相关的宾语从句中需要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气。这四类词包括一个坚持：insist；两个命令：order，command；三个建议：advise，suggest，propose；四个要求：demand，request，require，desire / ask。I wish that I could fly freely in the sky.我希望我们可以在天空中自由飞翔。I wish I had seen you at the party yesterday.我真希望在

7、昨天的宴会上见到你。I wish I would have another chance next year.我希望下一年还有时机。He ordered that the students should wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他命令学生们每周自己洗衣服。The doctor suggested that she should have an operation at once.医生建议她立即手术。should省略后，she后会紧接着have，这是正确的Mr. Li required the computer equipment r

8、eferred _ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to be C. to be D. to being答案：C思路分析：句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment 的定语，意为“被提到的计算机设备；在表示“要求的require, request, ask, demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“should+动词原形，所以从句的谓语动词是be used，省略了should。三、表语从句中的虚拟语气：1. 在名词“suggestion, proposal, idea, plan，ord

9、er, advice, desire, requirement, request, command, decision, recommendation等作主语时后面的表语从句中，用“should+动词原形，其中should可省略。2. as if as though引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。My advice is that we should get more people to attend the conference. 我的建议是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. 我的要求是她应

10、该一周来看我一次。It seems as if the meeting would never end. 看来会议没完没了。与将来相反It seems as though he had been there many times. 好似他已经去过那里好屡次了。与过去事实相反It seems as if nobody knew what happened. 好似没有人知道发生了什么事。What the customers _ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. dem

11、and, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered答案：B思路分析：从is可知what从句中的谓语动词request或demand用一般如今时，表示一般状况；而动词request / remand有关的表语从句用虚拟语气：should+动词原形。第二空动词deliver与主语the goods是被动关系，省略should后，填be delivered。四、同位语从句中的虚拟语气：与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中常用should+do构造。The requirement tha

12、t students should learn to protect themselves is successfully carried out in most schools. 学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利施行。 I made a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week. 我提议我们应该下周开个会。He made the demand that all the students should go home at once.他作出要求，所有学生要立即回家。Youd better follow my advice

13、 that he English hard with the help of his mother. A. studies B. studied C. study D. must study答案：C思路分析：此题考察虚拟语气，在advice等词后跟的同位语从句中需要should+动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。因此选择C选项。1. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have

14、 C. should be; had D. was; has2. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 4. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right awa

15、y. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested5. Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. had studied 6. My suggestion is that she _ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took 答案：BBBCDC思路分析：1. 第一个suggest意为“说明，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，谓语用was；第二个suggest表示“建议，宾语从句用虚拟语气“should+动词原形，should可以省略。2. 每一家都有一个带花园的大房子是一种很难实现的愿望，wish后的虚拟语气用过去式表示对如今或将来的虚拟。3. insist 在此句中表示“坚决要求，后接的宾语从句要用