牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-9-非谓语及五选四_教案

1、. 学科老师辅导教案 课程主题： 17-9-非谓语及五选四 学习目的1.理解动词不定式在句中的成分、用法及否认形式。2.理解动名词在句中的成分、用法。3.掌握不定式与疑问代词、疑问副词连用做宾语的用法。教学内容1.掌握动词时态语态分析以及词转专题分析一.非谓语动词【知识梳理】1.动词不定式的用法1作主语：动词不定式作主语时往往放在谓语动词的后面，并用it作形式主语。 例：To talk with him is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 1可以用for sb to do sth来说明不定式表示的动作执行

2、者，即不定式的逻辑主语；某些形容词，如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, polite, clever, wise, foolish, etc.作表语时逻辑主语常用of引起的短语。 例：1t is very important for students to study hard. It is unwise of him to start smoking. =He is unwise to start smoking. 2常用不定式作主语的句型有：Its difficult important, necessary, easy, unnecessary, etc.

3、 for sb to do sth.Its kind good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave, etc. of sb to do sth.2作表语：不定式做表语常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生的动作。 例：His wish is to become a skillful worker. 注意：主语部分已有动作动词do不管形式，作表语的不定式前省略to。 例：The only thing I can do now is go on with the experiment all by myse

4、lf.3作宾语：常见的直接带to不定式的动词有like, agree, decide, hope, learn, wish, etc. 例：Most of us like to watch football matches. 1常见的能跟疑问词带to连用的不定式的动词有decide, find out, show, etc. 例：I showed them how to do it. 2不定式自带补语时it先行 例：We thought it wrong not to tell her the truth. 3不定式不做介词后面的宾语，但介词except, but, besides除外，注意在

5、这些介词前假设有表示动作的动词do不管形式，作宾语的不定式前省略to。 倒：She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go there. 洼意：有些动词，如hope, wish, agree, pretend, refuse, manage, beg, intend; hesitate,offer, fail, expect, decide, prepare, promise等后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。4作宾语补足语：句子中的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。 例：He told me to be here on time. 在动词ma

6、ke, let, have, see, hear, look at, listen to, observe, feel, notice, watch,etc.后，作宾语补足语的不定式要省略“to，但在被动语态中作主语补足语时必须复原“to。 例：The boss made them work twelve hours a day. I heard Bill sing an American folk song the other day. I saw her come in =She was seen to come in 注意：有些动词，如hope, suggest, demand, sup

7、pose, plan, agree等不能用动词不定式作宾语补足语。5作定语：不定式作定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。 例：She has got a lot of questions to ask. 1作定语的不定式与修饰的名词可以是逻辑意义上的主谓关系。 例：He is the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours. 2作定语的不定式与修饰的名词也可以是逻辑意义上的动宾关系。 例：He has no house to live in but a lot of work to do.

8、 3假如不定式的动词为不及物动词，应在动词后面加上适当的介词。 例：He is a nice person to work with.6作状语：不定式可用作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 例：I started early so as to get there before supper. I opened the door to find the room empty. Im sorry to hear you are not well. 注意：so as to，in order to都是表示目的的不定式短语，so as to不能放在句首，他们的否认式为so as not to/in ord

9、er not to。 不定式作结果状语常用于“too+adj./adv.+to do或“adj./adv.+enough+to do构造。 例：He is strong enough to lift the case.2.动词不定式的否认形式Not+to+动词原形构成；有时也可以用never to do表示否认意义，语气更强。例：We agreed not to lend him any money.He promised never to tell her anything about this.3.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，h

10、ow，why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语成分。 例：How to use the machine is a question.不定式作主语 He doesnt know how to use the machine.不定式作宾语 The question is when to hold the training class.不定式作表语 She told me where to find her little brother.不定式作宾语补足语4.tooto构造常表示否认意义 例：Its too cold to go swimming today.

11、今天天气太冷，不能去游泳。 注意：在以下几种情况下，tooto构造意思是表示肯定，常译作“非常。 1tooto与only连用这时only too=very 例：Im only too glad to help you.我非常快乐帮助你。 2形容词willing，pleased，glad，happy，ready，anxious等。 例：The students are too anxious to know the examination results. 学生们非常急迫地想知道考试成绩。 3与not，never连用，表示“太不能不，“并不太所以能。 例：She is too wise not

12、to see that她很聪明，不会不明白那件事。 Its never too late to mend亡羊补牢，为时未晚。5.动词不定式有五种不同的主动和被动形式 1 一般式to do，表示的动作可能与谓语的动作同时发生，也可能在其之后发生。 例：I like to read English every morning. 2进展式to be doing，表示不定式的动作已在进展，与谓语动词同时发生。 例：He seems to be reading something interesting now. 3完成式to have done，表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。 例：He seem

13、ed to have cleaned his bedroom yesterday. 4被动式to be done，表示该事情将要被做。 例：The new school in the country is to be built soon. 5被动完成式to have been done，表示该事情已被做。 例：The sick boy is said to have been sent to hospital already.6.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1在tooto和enoughto构造中，不定式的主动形式可以表示被动意义。 例：The .skirt is too sma

14、ll for me to wear. The room is big enough to live in.2在there be句型中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：There is a lot of work to do. =There is a lot of work to be done.3 easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, pleasant, comfortable, exciting dangerous, bitter，light，heavy，good，interesting等描绘事物特征的形容词，后面接

15、动词不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语常常是物。 例：The picture is pleasant to look at.4动词不定式作定话时，假设其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，那么可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 例：I have a lot of work to doI是to do的逻辑主语 Give me something to eatme是to eat的逻辑主语7.动名词的用法1作主语 例：Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜欢的运动。 Fighting broke out between the South and the North

16、. 南方与北方开战了。2作宾语1动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth. admit 成认avoid 防止 complete 完成 keep 继续 appreciate 感谢,赞赏 consider 认为delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念postpone 推practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建

17、议 face 面对include 包括 stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 例：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? Mr Taylor and his wife enjoy traveling with children. 2词组后接doing admit to，preferto，be used to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，be busy，look forward toto为介词，no good,no use,Its w

18、orth,as well as, cant help,Its no use /good，be tired of ，be fond of，be capable of，be afraid of，be proud of，think of / about，hold off，put off，keep on，insist on，count on / upon ，set about，be successful in，be good at，take up，give up，burst out，prevent from3作表语Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care

19、 of the children.8.直击考点1只能接to + do的动词有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do 有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. 2加 to + do 的重点句型有： It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱 It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样 Would you like

20、to? 2后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有： 一感feel 二听hear, listen to 三让have, make, let 四看watch, see, look at, notice 半个帮助help可以带to，也可以省略改为被动语态时，to要复原。例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.省略to 的情况有： 情态动词后 why not/why dont you would rather than doing 否认式not doing 3加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有： enjoy，finish，min

21、d，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth. 加doing的情况有： 介词后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等 feel like + doing 喜欢做某事/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.更喜欢 to作介词时的几个常用短语：look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing 既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的动词有： begi

22、n，start, like, love, hate 既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有： forget to do 忘记去做某事事情还没有做 forget doing 忘记做过某事事情已经做了，但是忘了 remember to do 记得去做某事事情还没有做 remember doing 记得做过某事 事情已经做了 regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾 regret doing 对已经做过的事遗憾 stop to do 停下来去做某事去做另外一件事情 stop doing 停顿做某事 停顿正在做的事情【例题精讲】例1.He promised_his old frie

23、nd during his stay in Tianjin.A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see【答案】D例2.Mario likes _ cold hot dogs.A. eatB. eatingC. ateD. is eating【答案】B【分析】B【课堂练习】1._ repair my TV set cost me 100 yuan.【答案】Repairing2.He prefers_ read books at home to_ go shopping on Sundays.【答案】reading|going3.Thank you for_ tell me

24、 the news.【答案】telling4.Im looking forward to_ receive your letter soon.【答案】receiving5.Lucy told me_ wait for her at home.【答案】to wait6.Will you please show me how_ use it?【答案】to use7.The boy is old enough_ dress himself.【答案】to dress8.Would you like _ climb the mountain with me?【答案】to climb9.Is it nec

25、essary _ learn a foreign language?【答案】to learn10.Would you mind not_ smoke here?【答案】smoking11.How long do you practice_ speak English every morning?【答案】speaking12.Were going to help _ the trees.A. wateredB. wateringC. to wateringD. water【答案】D13.The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A. to drawB.

26、 to drawingC. drawD. drew【答案】A14.Who suggested _ it this way?A. doingB. to doC. to be doneD. do【答案】A15.Its no good _ over split milk.A. to cryB. cryingC. criedD. D【答案】B【分析】B二.五选四【知识梳理】1.题型概述该题型旨在考察学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子根本构造的分析才能，是容易得分的题型之一。2.解题思路和技巧通常情况下五选四是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在详细解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合详细的句

27、子构造需要进展选择。根本解题思路通过判断单词的词性、词形和词义，来选择正确的单词。首先判断词性中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，本质是降低了选择的难度。因此在做选词填空的时候，应领先从词性的角度进展判断，将可能的词性挑选出来。通过判断词形确定所填词或短语判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进展判断，也可以帮助解题： 首先判断词性中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，本质是降低了选择的难度。因此在做选词填空的时候，应领先从词性的角度进展判断，将可能的词性挑选出来。通过判断词形确定所填词或短语判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进展判断，也可以帮助解题：通过判断词义确定所填词或短语词义判断在选词填

28、空中，也是非常关键的。因此，在中考复习中，需要加强对高频词汇的意义的积累。平时在记忆单词时，要加强英译汉的训练。掌握考纲单词以及词组的中文含义，根据上下文的情境，选择出适宜的词语或短语。3.补充归纳常见词性及用法【例题精讲】A.even thoughB.strongC e outD.raiseE.connect例1. What do mothers in your country do when a childs tooth falls out? Japanese mothers throw upper teeth under the house, and lower teeth onto t

29、he roof. The Japanese think a mouse can eat anything. So they say, Your new tooth will be _ just like a mouses tooth! In Nigeria, mothers hide the tooth. A Nigerian mom says, Mr. Mouse, please do not eat this tooth, or the new tooth will not _ .If you eat this tooth, I will look for you everywhere a

30、nd kill you. How interesting that people in both Japan and Nigeria _ a baby tooth with a mouse! Its also interesting that these two countries have similar customs _ they are so far apart.A.dangerousB.driversC.betterD.responsiblyE.service Theres new taxi business in Daker, the capital of the African

31、nation of Senegal. Its name is Taxi Sisters and all of its _ are women. They are getting a lot of attention, because until now only men were hired to drive taxis. In fact, when it comes to driving a taxi, some people think the women can do a _ job than the men. Most taxis driven by men are old, hot

32、and uncomfortable. Also, the men usually have bad driving habits. They drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic lights. This makes riding in their taxis _ . However, Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new, and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are happy about the change. In

33、addition to the added comfort, they feel that the women drive more _ than the men.【答案】B|C|E|A|B|C|A|D【分析】1.判断词性，结合句意，应填strong。句意：你的新牙齿会变得巩固。|2.判断词性，应填动词。根据句意，应填come out。句意：新的牙齿将不会长出来。|3.判断词性，应填动词，考察固定搭配connect. with.，把.和.联络起来。|4.根据句意，应填连接词even though。句意：尽管这两个国家相隔万里，但是他们有相似的风俗，很有趣！|5.判断词性，结合句意，应填driv

34、ers。句意：它所有的司机都是女人。|6.判断词性，结合句意，应填better。句意：女人可以比男人做得更好。|7.判断词性，结合句意，应填dangerous。句意：这让搭乘他们的出租车变得很危险。|8.判断词性，修饰drive，用副词，应填responsibly。句意：他们觉得女人开车比男人更靠谱。【课堂练习】A. discovers B. equal C. environment D. precious E. expresses1. The story starts in a city called Zootopia, which is a city like no other. Its

35、a melting pot where animals from every _ live together a place where no matter what you are, from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew地鼠, you can be anything. But when the happy officer Judy Hopps arrives, she _ that being the first rabbit on a police station of big and tough animals isnt so e

36、asy. The little rabbit decided to prove herself. She jumps at the golden chance to deal with a case, even if it means working with a fox, Nick Wilde, to solve the mystery奥秘.The film _ the meaning that we should never give up on a dream or settle down. Were all _ , and therefore should treat对待 others

37、 the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of inspiration, encouraging both kids and adults to aim high, work hard and succeed.【答案】C|A|E|B2. A. serious B. simple C. against D. cancel E. focus Many students suffer from stress in their daily lives. They are under stress because their liv

38、es are not balanced. They 1_ too much non studying, dealing with pressure and worrying about what others think, and not enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a 2_ matter. The answer is“Yes. You should be aware that stress is a danger to your health. If you want to live a 1ong 1ife

39、, you need to begin to fight 3_ stress from a young age. Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life: Be positive. One way to 4_ your stress is through positive thinking, You should always look on the right side of life, and imagine that you will have a happy and successful

40、 future.【答案】E|A|C|D1.This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed【答案】B【分析】B2.This book _Lucys. Look! Her name is on the book cover. A. must beB. may beC. cant beD. mustnt be【答案】A3.- Wha

41、t are you going to do in the future? - Id like to be a doctor _ you are.A. soB. asC. whatD. like【答案】B4._ fine mornings, old people get together and do exercise by the lake. A. OnB. AtC. ToD. In【答案】A5.Excuse me. Can I ask for leave now?My mother was ill in the hospital._.A. Im sorry to hear that.B. T

42、hats all right.C. OK. Go ahead.D. You are right.【答案】C【分析】CA. directors B. produced C. rarely D. gained E. details6. Zootopia 疯狂动物城, known as Zootropolis in Europe, is a 2019 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film _ by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. I

43、t is the 55th animated feature 动画长片 in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. Byron Howard and Rich Moore are the _ of Zootopia and feature the voices of Ginnifer Goodwin, Jason Bateman, Idris Elba, J.K. Simmons, Tommy Chong, Octavia Spencer, Jenny Slate, and Shakira. It was released in the Disne

44、y Digital 3D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats on March 4, 2019. Up to now, Zootopia has _ a total of $311.7 million worldwide. The film tells in all its _ the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist 骗子.【答案】B|A|D|E7. You can find many such_ published books in the S

45、hanghai Library.news【答案】newly8.Sir Francois Hollande was elected president of_ in 2019.Frenchman【答案】 France9.The girls talked_ all the way when they came out of cinema.exciting 【答案】excitedly10.I bought a storybook two weeks ago. 保持原句意思I _ a storybook for two weeks.【答案】have had【分析】由for 可知，这里应该用一个延续性动

46、词，买的延续性动词是持有。11.I think wealth is less important than health. 同义句转换I_ think wealth is_ important than health.【答案】dont|more12.The red car belongs to my mother. 对划线部分提问_ _ belong to your mother?【答案】What|does13. The decision to further all or part of your studies outside your country is a serious one,

47、and one which for most students will have a special life-long benefit. If you realize English will help you in your career and enrich your personal life, you will find that coming to England to study English is a very special e_ that you will never forget. I am very pleased to have this opportunity

48、to invite you to join our English Language courses. London is one of the worlds outstanding c_ and trade center. You will live in one of the worlds great cities. It provides the perfect arrangements in which to learn and develop English language skills. The international body of the students attendi

49、ng courses at English language Institutes in London provides an a_ because it is a good chance for you to enjoy other cultures in surroundings to develop personal character. As we prepare for the 21st Century, international communication has never been more important. To master a foreign language is

50、 becoming a useful tool for trade, industrial and professional s_ . Our aim at the English language Institutes is to d_ students English language skills in friendly and helpful conditions. Supported by computer, video and audio equipment, and using sound classroom, our team of teachers will guide yo

51、u through your c_ course of study, you will receive excellent service and advice at every stage. Our out-of-class support staff will help you settle in and make the most of your stay in London. Truly, you will enjoy yourself in London and make friendships that will last a lifetime. I hope we can wel

52、come you to this e_ world of London. Come and see us ! Visit a class in any of the English Language Institutes. See for yourself why we encourage you to study in London.【答案】experience |culture| attraction| success| develop| chosen| exciting【分析】culture 解析：伦敦是世界著名的文化和贸易中心。culture比较适宜。 attraction解析：在英语

53、语言学院上课的来自全世界的学生提供了一个吸引力因为这是一个很好的时机让你可以理解其他文化来开展自己的个性。 success解析：掌握一门语言对于贸易，工业，职业的成功是一种有用的工具。14. 上海徐汇区二模Venus金星 has long been one of the most misunderstood planets. Like the earth, Venus has its own atmosphere. However, the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the earth, which makes it difficult for modern scientists to study. There is much we still do not know abou