牛津上海版九年级初三培优讲义 名词专题+名词所有格

1、.教育学科老师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级： 初三 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科老师：汪术芹课程主题：名词专题授课时间：学习目的掌握中考中名词的考点教学内容内容回顾上次作业的习题讲评以及笔记的抽查。知识精讲知识点一名词的分类及用法【知识梳理】名词的分类及用法名词专有名词Beijing北京China中国Jack杰克普通名词可数名词个体名词ball球book书pen钢笔集体名词police警察public公众family家庭不可数名词物质名称milk牛奶snow雪water水抽象名词beauty美peace和平science科学1、表示特定的人名、地名、团体、机构、星期等的名词叫

2、专有名词。a.专有名词一般为不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词，且第一个字母必须大写。如，Sam山姆 Mr. Wang王先生 President Bush 布什总统London伦敦 Reuters路透社 Sunday星期天b.含有普通名词的专有名词、姓氏复数和表示江河、湖泊、山脉、海洋、群岛等的专有名词前要加定冠词the。the Great Wall长城 the Smiths史密斯一家 the Yangtze River 长江the West Lake西湖 the Himalayas喜马拉雅山 the Pacific Ocean太平洋2、表示单个人或事物的名词叫个体名词。There is a pot

3、ato in the basket.篮子里有一个土豆。A stampis used for sending a letter.邮票是用来寄信的。个体名词前可以加冠词a/an表示一类3、表示某一类人或事物总称的名词叫集体名词。a. family家庭，team队，class班级等集体名词在句中做主语时，假如看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；强调集体中的成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。His family has moved to Shanghai.他家搬到上海去了。His family arewatching TV now.如今他的家人正在看电视。b. police 警察，常加定冠词the，做主语时，

4、谓语动词只用复数形式。The police are searching the village for the murderer.警察正在村子里搜寻那个杀人犯。c.很多情况下，集体名词作主语，谓语动词可以用单数形式或复数形式。The public has/have the right to know the fact.公众有权知道真相。4、表示无法分为个体的物质或本质名词叫物质名词。Would you like some bread？你想吃点面包吗？Its important for us to save water. 节约用水对我们来说很重要。5、表示品质、动作、状态、情感等抽象概念的名词叫

5、抽象名词。Although he is very old，he is in good health.虽然他年纪很大，但是他身体很安康。They were astonished at the beauty of the girl.他们惊讶于那个女孩的美丽。【例题精讲】I. 从A.B.C.D四个选项中选出一个最正确答案。1. Henry is American, and now he is studying in Beijing University. A. / B. theC. aD. an2. We went to West Lake during National Day last year

6、. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; /D. /; the3. My family watching TV at seven yesterday evening. A. wasB. isC. are D. were4. The police caught some of the robbers since the robbery happened. A. haveB. hasC. hadD. are5. We should have in ourselves and we will make it if we have a try. A. successB. confiden

7、ceC. progressD. knowledge6. He gave us on how to improve our oral English. A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice7. The football team listening to the popular music now. A. are B. isC. wasD. were8. A: There a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some? B: Just a little, please. A. i

8、sB. areC. amD. be9. There is only a little in the fridge. Thats not enough for dinner. A. a eggB. eggsC. a chickenD. chicken答案：A B D A B B A A D【课堂练习】1. I need_ cloth, for I'm hoping to make _clothes. A. a lot of; many    B. much; much  C. many; many   D. many; a lot 2._

9、work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A . Many B.A great many             C. A large number of D. A great deal of3. We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our new apartment. We need to buy _ more furniture. A. any

10、60;      B. many            C. little             D. some4. I hear_ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. A

11、. quite a lot   B. quite a few          C. quite a bit        D. quite a little5. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out. A. too much         B. a number of

12、0;          C. plenty of         D. a good many6.Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge 答案：A D D B C A知识点二不可数名词和可数名词【知识梳

13、理】不可数名词和可数名词1、不可加不定冠词或详细数词计数的名词叫不可数名词。water 水 practice练习 meat肉 information信息 paper纸张 news 新闻2、不可数名词前可以加little，a little，a bit of，some ，much，a lot of ，plenty of等表示数量。Theres a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点水。There isnt much rain in spring in our city.我们这个城市春季雨水不多。3、不可数名词没有复数形式，不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The

14、re is a glass of milk on the table.桌子上有一杯牛奶。There are two glasses of milk on the table.桌子上有两杯牛奶。注：不可数名词前假设有复数的量词，谓语动词那么用复数形式。4、表示单个人或事物的名词是单数名词。单数名词在句中出现时，其前常加冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等限定词。There are lots of people in the park on the weekend.周末，公园里有很多人。His father often helps him with his English.他父亲经常帮助他学英语。T

15、his book is mine and that one is yours.这本书是我的，那本是你的。There isa “u and an “h in the word “huge.在单词huge里有一个“u和一个“h。注：以元音指音素开头的名词前用an，以辅音指音素开头的名词前用a。5、数词和单位名词一起作定语时，单位名词只能用单数形式。The eight-year-old boy won the race.那个八岁的男孩赢了比赛。We usually have a one-hour meeting every Saturday.我们通常每周六开一小时会。6、作定语的名词一般是单数名词。

16、He often works in his vegetable garden in the afternoon.下午他经常在菜园里干活。Did you watch the weather report on TV？你看电视上的天气预报了吗?7、表示两个或两个以上的概念时，用名词的复数形式。Thomas Edison never gave up. During his lifetime, he had 1093 inventions.托马斯·爱迪生从不放弃，他一生有1093项创造。8、可数名词复数前可加a few，some，many，a number of，lots of等修饰。I o

17、nly have a few pennies with me.我身上只有几便士。How many students are there in your class.你们班有多少学生？9本身只有复数的名词，可以用复数作定语。savings bank 储蓄银行 sports meeting运动会 clothes shop 服装店不可数名词与可数名词的转换1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes, fruits, 2. 有些抽象名词表示详细的事物时，是可数名词。如, shame/ pity憾事, interest乐事, pleasure乐事, surprise意 外事, di

18、sappointment令人绝望的人或事, success 成功的人或事, difficulty 难事, help 帮手等。3. 表示“一场/段/件/种时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。 如，a fine rain一阵细雨,a heavy snow一场大雪, a long time很长一段时间。4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用an或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如two teas and a coffee两杯茶和一杯咖啡；5. 有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如：  paper glass time exercise exper

19、ience room 不可数: 纸; 玻璃; 时间; 锻炼, 经历; 空间余地 可数: 试卷; 玻璃杯; 次、倍; 习题、体操; 经历 ;房间6. 有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, clothing等。名词的修饰语只能修饰可数名词的有each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, 1.

20、a few, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。2. 只能修饰不可数的有a little, much, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of等。【例题精讲】Weve missed the last

21、bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection 答案B可以将“ have no choice but to do 视为一个构造，如今考察这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.A idea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense 答案DA rough estimate, Nigeria i

22、s_ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of 答案D注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的构造为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象。常用在该构造中的名词为：the size of; the weight of; the length of .【课堂练习】1. Heres my card. Lets keep in _. A. touch B. relation C. connecti

23、on D. friendship 2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay 3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. Aidea Bsense Cthought DThinking4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. A reach B hand C hold

24、 D place答案 答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 4 A 知识点三名词复数的变化规那么【知识梳理】名词复数的变化规那么名词复数的规那么变化一般词尾直接加-scup-cups杯子 pen-pens钢笔以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词加-esbus-buses公车 box-boxes箱子match-matches火柴 brush-brushes刷子以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-esfamily-families家庭 city-cities城市library-libraries图书馆 factory-factories工厂 以f，fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v，再加-esshelf-s

25、helves架子 thief-thieves小偷leaf-leaves叶子 wolf-wolves狼 以o结尾的名词，词尾加-es或-spotato-potatoes土豆 hero-heroes英雄photo-photos照片 radio-radios收音机注意：有时，以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，只需要在词尾直接加-s即可，如： roof-roofs房顶 chief-chiefs领袖 个别以f或fe结尾的名词会有两种复数形式，如：handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves2、名词复数的不规那么变化。内部元音变化man-men男人 woman-women

26、妇女 tooth-teeth牙齿 词尾变化child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛单复数同形sheep-sheep绵羊 deer-deer鹿 fish-fish鱼 Swiss瑞士表示某国人词尾加-sRussians 俄国人 Germans德国人 单复数同形Japanese日本人 Chinese中国人内部元音变化Englishman-Englishmen英国人 FrenchmanFrenchmen 法 国 人 不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称谓语用复数一个人 两个人中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two

27、 Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人the French a Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americans an American two Americans印度人the Indians a

28、n Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germans a German two Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedish a Swedetwo Swedes 3、名词复数的特殊形式a.前面加冠词the表示全体的集体名词无复数形式，但表达复数概念。the police 警察 the English 英国人 the French 法国人 the Swiss 瑞士人b.表达男女职业时，职业名词用复数时，作定语的man/

29、woman也要变复数。a man teacher-men teachers 男老师 a woman nurse-women-nurses女护士c.合成名词变复数时，把主体名词变为复数；没有主体名词的在词尾变化。comrade-in-arms- comrades-in-arms同志 grown-up-grown-ups成年人d.有些作为不可数的物质名词、抽象名词或集体名词变复数时，意义不同。fruit水果-fruits各种水果 paper纸-papers文件 people人-peoples民族e.只用作复数的名词。glasses眼镜 scissors剪刀 trousers裤子 shoes鞋【例题

30、精讲】_ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses 答案 C专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：- Who did you spend last weekend with?- _. A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers答案 CMr Smith has two _, both of whom are

31、teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law 答案 A以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。假如没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups。知识点四名词的所有格【知识梳理】1、表示有生命物的单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾加-sMikes computer 迈克的电脑 my sisters husband我姐姐的丈夫Childrens Day儿童节 wom

32、ens clothes女装2、以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加-即可。students books 学生们的书 visitors center游客中心 his parents hope3、两个人共有的，在最后词尾加-s，两个人各自有的，在每个名词词尾加-s。Nick and Sams room尼克和山姆的房间两个人共用一个房间Nicks and Sams rooms尼克的房价和山姆的房间两人各有一个房间4、表示时间、间隔 、国家、城市、天体、重量、江河等无生命的物质名词，也可在词尾加-s，以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加-即可。tomorrows weather 明天的天气 ten minutes w

33、alk步行非常钟的路程Beijings streets北京的街道 the earths depth地球深处5、表示无生命物的名词常用“of+名词的构造构成所有格。Jinan is the capital of Shandong province.济南是山东的省会。Theres a map of China and a map of the world in our classroom.我们教室有一张中国地图和一张世界地图。6、of所有格和-s所有格一起构成的所有格加双重所有格。a friend of Toms汤姆的一个朋友a student of my mothers我妈妈的一名学生a pho

34、to of his uncles他叔叔的一张照片他叔叔照片中的一张注意：双重所有格中带有-s所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词，同时前面的名词必须不确指。a cousin of my fathers我父亲的一个堂兄知识补充：a photo of my sister与a photo of my sistersa photo of my sister我姐姐的一张照片照片上的人是我姐姐a photo of my sisters我姐姐照片中的一张照片是属于我姐姐的，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐7、表示店铺或者某人的家时，可省略所修饰的名词，只保存所有格。at my aunts home在我姑姑家

35、 at the doctors clinic在医生的诊所里at the barbersshop在理发店 at the Greenshome在格林家 8、名词所有格修饰的名词在上文提到过，或两个名词所有格修饰的词一样，第二个名词可以省略。A：Whose pencil is this？这是谁的铅笔？B：Its Tomspencil.是汤姆的Its not Lindas fault, but Marys fault.这不是琳达的过错，而是马丽的过错。【例题精讲】名词做定语1.The village is far away from here indeed. Its _walk.   A.

36、a four hour      B. a four hours    C. a four-hours     D. a four hours 2.He dropped the _and broke it. A. cup of coffee         B. coffee's cup        

37、; C. cup for coffee   D. coffee cup3. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop   B. bicycle shop  C. bicycles shop  D. bicycless shop4. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a thre

38、e-hour D. three hours 答案 D D B C1.一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge石桥, a meeting room会议室, morning exercise早操, London Airport伦敦机场, a story book故事书，a shoe shop鞋店。2. man, woman要与所修饰的名词的数一致。如a woman teacher一位女老师, two women teachers两位女老师。3. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。如 a sports meet 运动会, a

39、 goods train货车, customs house海关, a sales manager营业主任。4.数词+名词作定语,假设有连字符，名词用单数；假设无连字符，名词用所有格。 1. You can get much _about the World Expo on the Internet. A) map B picture C ticket D information【解析】选D。空格前much后+不可数n. 选项中只能选D。2. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm. A duck B horse

40、 C bird D sheep【解析】选D。many后+可数n. 但是ABD选项虽然为可数n. 但是需要后面加s。3. I didnt sleep well last night because there was too much _ on the road. A bicycle B accident C traffic D car【解析】选C。much后+不可数n. 选项ABD都是可数n.4. Would you please give us some on writing English letters? A tip B suggestion C advice D idea【解析】选C。

41、some后+可数/不可数n. 但是ABD都需要在后面+s才能放在some后面，故只能选C。5. Mike hurt one of hisin an accident yesterday. Shall we go and see him after school'? A arm B feet C hand D leg【解析】选B。one of后+名词复数，只有B选项符合。【课堂练习】I. 从A.B.C.D四个选项中选出一个最正确答案。1. So Ive got one holiday. A. weeksB. weeksC. weeksD. week2. The PLA man saved

42、 three lives in the accident. A. childrensB. childrenC. childD. childs3. Can you imagine what life will be like in time? A. 20 yearsB. 20 yearsC. 20-yearsD. 20-years4. room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam C. Tom and SamsD. Toms and Sams5. fathers are both sc

43、ientists. A. Jims and BobB. Jims and BobsC. Jim and BobsD. Jim and Bob6. is covered with heavy snow.A.The surface of earthB. The earths surfaceC. The earths surfaceD. The surface7. is too much for a little boy to carry.A. The weight of a bikeB. A bikes weightC. The weights of a bikeD. Bikes weight8.

44、 He said he was going to help with English. A. a friend of Marys; herC. a friend of Marys; hersB. a friend of Mary; herD. a friend of Mary; hers9. I went to my yesterday and had a wonderful time there. A. auntB. auntsC. auntsD. aunts10. The shop sells clothing. A. children and womensC. childrens and

45、 womensB. childs and womansD. childrens and womenII. 用括号里词的适当形式或根据汉语完成句子1. Im not myself today. I think I must go to the doctor.2. Lily and Linda seats are on the left.3. With the 战士 help, the boy could go to school again. His parents thanked him very much.4. This is a photo of my 姐姐. She was ten th

46、en. 答案：I. BAACB BAABCII. 1.doctors 2.Lily and Lindas 3.soldiers 4.sister总结回顾课后作业II. Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案 共20分 黄浦一模2019 26. We always say “please whenever we ask someone to do things. Which of the following is correct for underlined word in the sentence?A. /plæz/ B. /plez/ C. /pli:z/

47、 D. /plz/ 27. The concert will begin _ seven in the evening. Please be there on time.A. of B. in C. on D. at28. It takes me an hour on average to get from home _ my workplace every day.A. with B. at C. by D. to29. For the difficulties ahead, Mr. Black talked to _ patiently one by one.A. they B. them

48、 C. their D. themselves30. Lily tried on some new shoes, but she took _ in the end. They were too expensive.A. all B. none C. both D. either31. I was so busy with my school work that I had _ time to play with my friends in those days.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few32. Lots of _ may cause the y

49、oung students to have strong feelings against school.A. exercise B. lesson C. exam D. homework33. It is a rule that visitors _ touch the paintings at the exhibition.A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt34. With more practice, I found reading was not as _ as I used to think.A. so difficult B. dif

50、ficult C. more difficult D. too difficult35. Nowadays Chinese _ in quite a few countries such as Singapore, South Korea, Japan, etc.A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. is spoken36. Jack worked very hard at every subject, _ he gained a scholarship 奖学金 last term.A. so B. and C. or D. But37. If you want

51、to be on time for an important meeting in a crowded city like Shanghai, youd better _ home early.A. to leave B. leave C. leaving D. left38. Mr. White will take charge of _ invitation cards for the celebration party next month.A. prepare B. prepared C. preparing D. to prepare39. We _ several meetings to discuss the plan of volunteers in the community since last week.A. are having B. have had C. had D. have40. I promise if Jane has any difficulties doing the new job, I _ the first one to help her.A. am B. was C. would be D. will be41. The roast beef cooked by mum seems so _ that my mou