牛津上海版高一上英语-U5词汇句型精讲-学案

1、.牛津高一上U5词汇句型精讲李洁意牛津高一上U5词汇句型精讲阅读拓展精讲U5重点词汇精讲1. mix v 使混合，拌合词组：mix sth with sth 把与混合例句：摇一下瓶子这样你可以把油和醋混合起来。【拓展】(1) mixed a 混合的例句：对于午餐，我想我会吃烤杂排。(2) mixture n 混合物，混合剂例句：这城市是新旧建筑的混合体。2. sound v 听起来似乎例句：她听起来有一点担忧。（a） 结实的，安康的，完好无损的词组：safe and sound 安然无恙例句：让我们希望每一个人都安然无恙。n 声音例句：她的声音很甜美。3. vegetarian n 素食者例句

2、：我已经成为了一名素食主义者。【拓展】（1） vegetable n 蔬菜（2） vegetarianism n 素食主义例句：她是素食主义的拥护者。（3） vegetation n 植物例句：山上有葱郁茂盛的植被。4. influence v 影响词组：influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事例句：我的妈妈影响我成为一名律师。n影响词组：have an influence on 对有影响 under the influence of 在的影响下例句：一般来说，父母对孩子的影响很大。 在我父亲的影响下，我决定成为一名医生。【拓展】1influential a 有影响力的词组

3、：一名有影响力的政治家5. crowd v 使挤满，聚集例句：孩子们聚集在电视机周围。 人们挤满了这家餐厅。 购物中心开业那天，人们蜂拥而至。n 人群，群众词组：crowds of/ a crowd of 许许多多人例句：街上有许许多多人。【拓展】1crowded a 拥挤的词组：be crowded with 挤满了例句：街上挤满了人。6. grow v 成长，种植、词组：grow 2 inches 长高了2英寸 a growing number 增长的数目 grow into 长成为 grow out of 因长大而穿不下 grow up 长大成人例句：图书馆里的书越来越多，数量到达了30

4、00. 她已经长成为一名美丽的女人。 她长大衣服穿不下了。 当你长大了想做什么？7. instead adv 代替，反而例句：如今很多工具不是由金属制成，而是由塑料制成的。 我将代替他参加这个国际会议。8. contain v 包含，表示包含之物的全部例句：这个湖里的水有盐。 这个碗里有各种水果。【拓展】include v 包含，包括，表示包含之物的一部分例句： 这次旅行包括了一次在著名餐厅的午餐。 这里有六个人，其中包括三个女人。 这本书的价格是15美元，含税。9. appetite n 食欲词组：lose ones appetite 食欲不振 have a good/bad appetit

5、e for 胃口好/坏例句：当我生病的时候，我完全没有胃口吃东西。 他很喜欢吃披萨。10. source n 来源，出处词组：尼罗河的发源地 知识的源泉【拓展】resource n 资源词组：自然资源11. energy n 能量，活力，精力词组：be full of energy 精力充分例句：好的睡眠能使你精力充分。【拓展】(1) energetic a 精力充分的词组：be energetic in doing sth 精力充分做某事例句：我们需要更积极地向国外宣传自己。(2) energize v 供给能量，使有活力例句：这个慈善机构希望此活动会鼓励志愿者。12. variety n

6、多样化，种类变化词组：a variety of 各种各样的例句：他们有各种各样的意见。【拓展】(1) various a 不同的，各种各样的例句：这件夹克有各种颜色提供。(2) vary v 使不同，使多样化词组：vary from person to person 因人而异例句：对待这件事的看法因人而异。13. increase v 增加词组：increase in value/price 升值/涨价 increase in importance 重要性增加 increase by 增加了 increase fromto. 从增加到例句：投资一定会升值。环境保护越来越重要。 食品的价格在不到

7、一年的时间里就涨了10%。工资从每年3万增加到每年4万。n 增加词组：be on the increase 不断增长例句：出国读书的学生数量在不断增长。【拓展】(1) decrease v 减少词组：decrease in number 数目减少 decrease by 减少了 decrease fromto 从减少到例句：一些珍稀动物的数量正在减少。 去年房屋均价下降了13%。 工资从每年的4万元下降到3万元。n 减少词组：be on the decrease 在下降例句：珍稀动物的数量在减少。14. attack n 攻击，疾病发作词组：heart attack 心脏病发作v 攻击，损害词

8、组：attack the enemy 进攻敌人例句：他们已经想出了攻击敌人的策略。15. decide v 决定词组：decide on sth 对某事做出决定例句：他们已经对如何处置这个囚犯作出了决定。【拓展】(1) decision n 决定词组：come to/ arrive at/ reach a decision 作出决定 give a decision for/ against 判决对有利/不利 leaveto the decision of 由来决定某事 make a decision 作出决定 with decision 断然例句：请尽快作出决定。 他们做出了对指导意愿不利的判

9、决。 他们由指导来决定这个工程是否应该继续。 我们应该做一个决定。 嗓音变得果断坚决。16. tellfrom 区分，区分例句：它也可以帮助我们分辨出事实和错误的观点。【拓展】(1) tell sth apart 区分某物例句：我的药片很容易区分因为它们的颜色不一样。17. intelligent a 聪颖的，有才智的例句：我认为我是我们组里最不聪明的人。【拓展】(1) intelligence n 才智例句：那个美貌与智慧并存的女人。(2) intellect n 智力例句：这本书可以开展孩子的智力。课堂练习一、 选择框中适当内容并以适当形式填空instead of instead deci

10、de on with decision vegetable mixture energetic sound increase by vary influence(1) The story you told me yesterday _ strange.(2) On this trip well try staying in a farm house _ in a hotel. (3) After leaving university, Alice _ a career in a publish house.(4) He didnt laugh at us. _, he tried his be

11、st to help us.(5) The girls come from a _ of different backgrounds.(6) The volume of total exports _ around 10 percent next year.(7) The restaurant offers a special menu for _.(8) He enjoys drinking _ cocktails.(9) She uses her _ friends to get a job.(10) Oil shortages have brought about an _ crisis

12、. 二、 翻译句子1. 人们喜欢以短信来获得联络，而不是打 。instead of2. 我们必须仔细地比较，然后决定最终的文章。decide on, before3. 这种植物的叶子含有很多维生素，蛋白质和矿物质。contain4. Jack 午饭没有吃面条。反而，他吃了米饭和鱼。Instead5. 一大群人聚集在广场上。crowd6. 他们俩在很多方面互相影响。influence7. 这个房子的根底不是很结实。sound8. 你能区别真伪吗？tellfrom1. 阅读拓展精讲时事类文章 一、考点描绘在近年的高中英语阅读理解题中,常有时事新闻报道类的文章,其内容与人们的生活息息相关,如战争、环

13、境、人口、能源等,这类材料往往语言地道、内容时新。二、材料特点时事类阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题Headlines、导语Introductions、背景Background、主体Main body和结尾Ends五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。1） 标题是新闻报道中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，必然是命题者考虑设题的重点。这类阅读理解材料常不给出标题，而要考生选择标题。因此，同学们平时在做时事新闻类阅读理解题时要特别注意研究标题和英语标题的特点。2） 知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实

14、，5WWhen, Where, Who, What, Why 包括其中。因此，抓导语便对时事事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题就是抓住了“牛鼻子。3） 欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻时事类文章背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体那么对导语概括的新闻事实进展详细表达。4） 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相照应，命题者也乐于在此设题。三、命题特点此类阅读材料的命题在新闻背景和主体部分设题较多，有时可能会省去一两个部分，要求我们根据五个部分之间的必然联络去推知未知的要素。命题形式主要有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和识图题等，其中事实细节题和计算

15、题占多数。四、针对该文体的特点，我们如何快速有效地对文章进展整体把握？ Extensive ReadingEvery second there are, on average, more than four babies being born and fewer than two people dying. As a result, the world population keeps increasing. The average baby will probably be born in the Asia-Pacific region. In this area, the populati

16、on growth rate is higher than anywhere else in the world. It is just 12 years since the worlds population reached 6 billion. Official estimates say the number will top 8 billion in 2025 and 10 billion before the end of the century. With more and more people in the world, there will be less land and

17、water for each person. The major problem will be feeding the new arrivals. Finding housing and medical care for everyone will also be difficult. For now, China still has the largest population in the world, with 1.34 billion people. In the past 10 years it added 73.9 million, more than the populatio

18、n of France or Thailand. However, its growth has slowed and it is estimated that the population will stop increasing in 2027. By 2050, according to some experts, Chinas population will be smaller than it is today. This is thanks to the family planning policy 方案生育政策 that started about 30 years ago. I

19、n the 1970s, Chinese women had five to six children each on average. Now, that number is around 1.5.I. Comprehension Questions1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. More babies are being born than people dying in every second.B. More people die than those being born in every second.C.

20、 The birth rate and death rate in every second are the same.D. The newly born babies in every second are in the Asia-Pacific region.2. What is the biggest problem for more and more newly born babies?A. They have no place to live in.B. There is not enough food.C. Medical care doesnt cover them.D. No

21、people would like to feed them.3. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. In 2025, the worlds population will be 9 billion.B. In 2027, Chinas population will be smaller than it is today.C. In 2090, the worlds population will be 11 billion.D. France now has less than 73.9 million

22、people.4. What does the author think of the family planning policy?A. It is unfair.B. It is useful.C. It should be stopped.D. It should be kept forever.II. Put the following phrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. 结果是 2. 出生率 3. 由于 4. 到.为止 5. 平均 6. 医疗 III. Translation1

23、由于学生们的积极参与，这次的运动会举办的很顺利。thank2人类的行为导致了动物的濒危。result3到去年年底为止，很多新大学已经建立。end回家作业一、 词汇自默20minmixed grill steak pork chop sound vegetarian influence astronaut crowd tiny pepper grow instead of cattle appetite contain vitamin mineral pesticide source energy variety cheeseburger milkshake increase heart att

24、ack intelligent decide on tellfrom 烤杂排 牛排 猪排 听起来好似 素食者影响 航天员 .聚集 极小的 胡椒粉种植 代替 牛 食欲 包含维生素 矿物质 杀虫剂 来源 精力；活力多种多样 干酪汉堡包 奶昔 增加 心脏病发作聪颖的，有才智的 选定 区分 二、 阅读训练20min Passage 1 An ID card is the most important proof 证明 of identity for each person. It shows ones name, date of birth, address, nationality, photo a

25、nd ID number. Chinas top legislature 立法机关 added something new to the Resident Identity Card Law. It passed the suggestions of recording Chinese citizens fingerprints when they apply for or change ID cards. Fingerprints 指纹 would make it easier to recognize the people who own the cards. It can stop pe

26、ople from making fake 伪造的 ID cards. Li Xiaoou, a bank worker in Beijing, said fingerprint data will make bank business safer. “No two people have the same fingerprints, he said. “The new card can better protect their private information. It will prevent their identity from being used by others when

27、people want to do banking. As ID cards will contain more personal information, many people worry that some institutions 公共机构 may let their information out. The amended 修订的 law tries to better protect it. Government offices and other public institutions, like banks and hospitals, could face a fine 罚款

28、 of 500,000 yuan if they give out citizens personal information.1. From an ID card, we can tell the persons following information EXCEPT _. A. his/her blood type B. his/her nationality C. his/her age D. his/her address2. What is the most important advantage of an ID card including fingerprints? A. I

29、t is more beautiful. B. It cant be stolen. C. It can be used for a long time. D. Its easier to recognize people.3. The new ID card will make bank business safer because _. A. the bank worker cant know the persons information B. the fingerprint data can protect peoples identity from being used by oth

30、ers C. it includes many of the persons clearer photos D. with this card people dont have to go to the bank to do businessPassage 2 Dukuly Dogbah, a 14-year-old Liberian 利比里亚的 boy, grew up in a war. He was born in the same year the Liberian war started. Since then fighting between the government forc

31、es and the rebel armies 叛军 has not stopped. Dukuly is one of around 10,000 child soldiers in Liberia. At 10, Dukuly lost contact with his family in the war and had to fight for the rebels. During the war he learnt to kill people with guns. He has killed many people and seen many of his friends die.

32、“You have to, he said, “because it is war. Lots of children had to join the army. Some did it out of their own will. They thought they would be safe with a gun. The army leaders use child soldiers because they are easy to control and do not get paid much. Child soldiers do terrible things. Most of t

33、hem take drugs 毒品. “I cannot control myself because it makes me brave, Dukuly said. There are 120,000 child soldiers in Africa and 300,000 around the world. Many child soldiers die and nobody cares for them. According to a United Nations report, 23 armies in the world use children. Some African and

34、Asian countries often use child soldiers. Myanmar 缅甸 has the highest number of child soldiers in their army: around 50,000. Most of the child soldiers are under 18 years of age and the youngest is only seven years old. The UN has called for the protection of children in war. The UN Childrens Fund 结合

35、国儿童基金会 wants African countries to ban 制止 child soldiers. Many UN organizations are trying to take child soldiers away from war and send them back to school.1. Dukuly joined the army when _. A. the Liberian war started B. his family were killed in the war C. he lost touch with his family D. the gover

36、nment armies caught him2. The following are the reasons for so many child soldiers EXCEPT _. A. they are easy to control B. they dont get paid much C. having a gun makes them feel safe D. they like to do terrible things3. There are _ child soldiers all over the world. A. 120,000 B. 300,000 C. 420,00

37、0 D. 50,0004. According to the last two paragraphs, we know that the UN _. A. has called for people to protect children in war B. has banned African countries from having child soldiers C. has sent those child soldiers back to school D. has taken the child soldiers under 7 away from warPassage 3 Dan

38、ish people are the happiest in the world, according to a report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD, 经济合作与开展组织. In its “Hows Life? report, the OECD used data from the 2019 Gallup world polls 盖洛普世界民意调查 to judge the levels of happiness and wellbeing 福利 of people in 40 dif

39、ferent countries. On a scale 数值范围 of 0 to 10, Danish citizens topped life satisfaction 满意. There was an average “satisfaction rate of 7.8. When asked the question “How are you feeling today? Danes again came in first place, with about 88 percent saying that they felt positive emotions 积极的情绪. Overall

40、, the OECD report found that feelings of wellbeing have increased on average over the past 15 years. Within countries, however, the report found that happiness levels change widely for many reasons. Less educated people and those on lower incomes 收入, for example, tend to feel less happy about life.

41、The OECD report also tried to find out which life factors 因素 have the biggest impact 影响 on wellbeing. “Having a job is very important for wellbeing. Good jobs provide earnings, but also shape personal identity and opportunities for social relationships, said the OECD. However, the report showed that

42、 shorter commutes 上下班路程, access 获得 to green spaces, a clean environment, spending time with friends and family, good health and being politically active are all connected directly to peoples feelings of happiness and have a larger impact than income. According to OECD Secretary General Angel Gurr

43、37;a, the results suggest that governments should focus on goals such as improving citizens wellbeing and helping the social and natural environment. Economic progress was less important.1. “Hows Life? report is about whether people are _. A. happy B. successful C. rich D. healthy2. According to the

44、 OECD report, _ feel less happy about life. A. old people B. less educated people C. people with higher incomes D. people living near their workplaces3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor on wellbeing? A. Good jobs. B. Good living environment. C. Good health. D. Many family members.

45、4. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. More and more people like to be Danish citizens. B. Economic progress should be put first for a country. C. Lots of factors affect peoples feelings of happiness. D. The report showed people in developed countries felt happiest.Passage 4

46、 Filial piety 孝 is a traditional Chinese virtue美德. Recently, a dutiful 19-year-old boy, Tian Zhengyang, moved many people with the story of how he took care of his blind 失明的 mother. Tian lives in a village in Hubei province. His mother has a heart disease and is almost blind. Tians father was a farmer and the only working member of the family. In 2019, Tians father died in a car accident. The 11-year-old Tian then had to take care of his family by himself. The hard life didnt keep Tian down; instead, it made him even stronger. He studied hard and took care of his mother.In 2019, Tian ente