牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 第6讲-宾语从句

1、.教育1对3辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科老师：年 级：八年级 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题U3+宾语从句学习目的1. 理解宾语从句的根本概念，掌握宾语从句三要素；2. 能在详细语境中灵敏运用宾语从句。教学内容1、 上次课后稳固作业复习； 2、 互动探究。教练对他们说，他们下个月将和美国队打一场比赛。这句话用英文要怎么翻译？宾语从句你会吗？The coach told them that they would have a football match against the American team.请试着翻译下面这几句话：他告诉我地球是圆的。_你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗？_他问我是不是来

2、自中国。_你能告诉我他什么时候去的美国吗？_他不知道下一步该做什么。_我记得他昨天给了我一本书。_他已经告诉我明天他就要动身去纽约了。_一、词汇Words1.1. servant n. 仆人；佣人 e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. 谚水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。 A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。【知识拓展】 serve v. 效劳，待客e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinn

3、er. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。service n. 效劳e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车效劳设施非常好。2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。常与out of连用骗走，恶作剧e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。【知识拓展】 trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招e. g. I can do magic t

4、ricks. 我会变魔术。 The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。3. electricity n. 电 e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供给这个区域的电。【知识拓展】 electrician n. 电工 electric adj. 发电的，由电产生的e.g. an electric cenerator发电机 an electric plug电源插头 an electric iron电熨斗4. flow v. 流动e.g. T

5、he cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road. 汽车在主干道上不停地驶过。【常用搭配】 flow away流走；流逝 flow down流下 flow into流入e.g. Time flows away quickly. 光阴飞逝。 Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飞流直下到山脚下。 Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。5. meter n. 仪表；计量表【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤气表 an electricity met

6、er电表 a speed meter速度表e.g. Theres a gas meter in every home. 在每间屋里都有煤气表。6. amount n. 数量；量e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。 What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少？7. monthly adv. 每月一次e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我们按月读它。 We pay the telephone b

7、ill monthly. 我们每月付一次 账单。【知识拓展】 daily adv. 每天一次，每天地 weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地 yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地8. explanation n. 解释；讲解；说明e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that hes mad. 对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。【知识拓展】 explain v. 解释；说明e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗9. scratch v. 搔；挠 e.g. He scr

8、atched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲挠他腿上虫咬的地方。 常与out，off，through连用刮掉，削去；擦去：删掉；划掉 e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了。 Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能帮我把轮子上的锈刮掉吗？10. invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的 e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it whe

9、n it moves. 空气是看不见的，但是当它挪动的时候我们能感受到。【知识拓展】 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的；显著的 vision n. 视力e.g. Air isnt a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。 She has good vision. 她的视力很好。11. form n. 形状；形式e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好似讨厌任何方式的运动。【知识拓展】 form n. 方式；制度e.g. Different countries have different forms of gov

10、ernment. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。l2. energy n. 能量e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。 Each year Americans use a high percentage of the worlds energy. 每年美国人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高。【知识拓展】 energetic adj. 精力充分的e.g. He is an energetic child.他是个精力旺盛的孩子。13. bulb n. 电灯泡e.g. The bulb is broken.

11、Please change another one. 这个灯泡坏了，请再换一个。14. connect v. 连接，结合e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？ This thick wire is connected to my computer. 这根粗电线连接到我的电脑上。 This flight connects with a flight for New York. 这个航班可接上飞往纽约的一班飞机。【常用搭配】 connect with和有联络，和有关e.g. People connect

12、Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆。15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。 Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine. 矿上发生意外事故时，许多矿工都被埋在地下。 He buried himself in his work. 他埋头工作。16. politely adv. 客气地，斯文地e.g. You s

13、hould serve our guests pohiely. 你必须有礼貌地效劳我们的客人。 Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 汤姆给我一支烟，我礼貌地回绝了。【知识拓展】 polite adj. 有礼貌的；斯文的 politeness n. 有礼，优雅e.g. It wasnt very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。17. grin v. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑e.g. There was a grin on his face wh

14、en he opened his birthday presents. 当他翻开他的生日礼物时，他的脸上露齿一笑。【知识拓展】 grin vt. 咧嘴而笑e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他快乐得咧开嘴笑。18. battery n. 电池e. g. Our bus wont start because the battery is flat. 我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了。 This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节干电池。19. contain v. 包含，含有e. g. P

15、ig iron may contarn 4%of carbon. 生铁可含百分之四的碳。 The bottle contains two pints. 这瓶装两品脱。指点迷津：contain, hold 两个单词都含“包含，包容的意思。contain着重“其中确实包含有。 e. g. The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。 hold指“能包容。 e. g. The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。二、重要句型Important Sentences structures 1.1. She thinks she can buy it

16、in packets, like sweets！ 句中can是一个情态动词，意为“能，可能。情态动词无词性变化，表主语或说话者的语气。1肯定句：主语+can+动词原形 e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。2否认句：主语+cannot cant+动词原形 e.g. I cant play football. 我不能踢足球。3疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形 答复：Yes, +主语十can. /No, +主语+cant. e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I cant. 你能踢足球吗？是的，我能。不，我不能。2. al

17、though electricity is much more dangerous than water.1 more+ adj. +than e.g. Is this snake more dangerous than that one? 这条蛇比那一条更危险吗？2 more十n./phrase十than e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的学生比二班的多。【知识拓展】 关于比较级和最高级:1 对于单音节或双音节的形容词我们一般在后面加上-er和-est。e.g. small- smaller-

18、smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastest但要注意一些由形容词变化而来的副词，虽然其形式上为双音节，但它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly; happily- more happily- the most happily2对于多音节的形容词，它们的比较级和最高级要加mo

19、re和most。e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most dangerous, difficult-more difficult-the most difficult3. You must always be careful with it. 句中must是一个情态动词，意为“必须，一定。 1肯定句：主语+must+动词原形 e. g. I must go home now. 我如今必须回家。 2否认句：主语+must not mustnt+动词原形 e.g.

20、I mustnt go home now. 我如今不准回家。3疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形 答复：Yes, 十主语+must. No, +主语十neednt. e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.No, you neednt. 如今我必须回家吗？是的，你必须。不，你不必。4. May I have my packet of electricity? 句中may是一个情态动词，意为“可以。1肯定句：主语+may+动词原形e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。2否认句：主语+may not+动词原形 You may not sit

21、 down. 你不可以坐下。3疑问句：May+主语+动词原形 答复：Yes, +主语+may. /No, +主语+may not. e.g. May I sit down? Yes, you may. /No, you may not. 我可以坐下吗？是的，你可以。不，你不可以。课堂练习. Read and choose the best answer.1. Must I go to buy the ticket for my parents now?No, you.A. mustntB. cantC. may notD. neednt 2. He is _ electrician , he

22、can deal with the _ problem . A. a; electrical B.an; electrical C.the; electrical D.the; electric 3. These _ thick wires that are buried under the street . A . connect to B.connect with C. are connected D.are connected to 4. We can change electricity into forms of energy that we can see ,hear or fee

23、l . Here “forms means “_ A. parts B. ways C. kinds D.species 5. My home is about _ our school . A. 10 miles far away B.10 miles from C. 10 miles far from D.10 miles forII、Rewrite the following sentences as required1. Its about twenty minutes walk from my home to our school .对划线部分提问 _ _ is it from yo

24、ur home to your school.2. The old man spent nearly one and a half hours going to his daughters house on foot.改为同义句 It _ the old man spent nearly one and a half hours _go to his daughters house on foot.3. You should take a good rest after working every day .改为同义句 It is _ for you _ take a good rest af

25、ter working every day .4. He is going to visit her uncle next week . 对划线部分提问 _ _ he going to visit her uncle?5. The boys were playing when I got there .改为一般疑问句 _ the boys _ when I got there ?III、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. The most w_ spoken language in the world is En

26、glish . Many people understand and use it t_ the world . Indeed ,English is a very i_ and useful language . If we know English, we can travel anywhere and we w_ have no difficulty making ourselves understood .English is greatly used in the study of all k_ of subjects. Several books are w_ in English

27、 every day to teach people many useful things . Therefore, the English language has helped to spread knowledge to all parts of the world . English has also served to boring t_ the different people of the world by helping them to talk with one another .宾语从句【知识梳理1】什么是宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语

28、。He can speak English . 这是简单句，不是宾语从句 动词名词宾语He says that he can speak English. 宾语从句 动词 句子宾语 He saysthathe can speak English. 主句 从句【知识梳理2】宾语从句三要素 【知识梳理3】用法详解 1. 连接词引导词：1 由that引导陈述句意思的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。He says. He is a student. 合并为一句He says that he is a student.He said that he want

29、ed to stay at home. She doesnt know that she is seriously ill. 2 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否。一般情况下，whether和if 可以交换。He asks. Is he a student?合并为一句He asks if he is a student.I want to know if whether he lives there. He asked me whether if I could help him.注意：宾语从句

30、中只能用whether不能用if的情况：在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导Everything depends on whether we have enough money.宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.3 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和

31、连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。He wants to know. When will she come back?合并为一句He wants to know when she will come back.Do you know who whom they are waiting for?Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?He asked whose handwriting was the best. I dont know why the train is late.【稳固练习】1. There are no words to desc

32、ribe _ I miss my hometown.A. how much B. how many C. how soon D. how long 2. Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.A. that; whoseB. how; whoC. what; whoD. what; whose3. He said _ he would come back in a week. A. when

33、B. what C. that D. why4. Do you know _ I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie!A. whom B. when C. where D. how5. People in Yancheng are proud of _ they have achieved in the past thirty years.A. how B. which C. what D. When6. Can you tell me _ the prize, Tom?Last year.A. when you gotB. when

34、did you getC. when will you getD. when you will get7. They wonder_ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not.A. that B. if C. whetherD. even if8. You can use English or Chinese _ you travel in Singapore. A. whether B. whatever C. where D. if 9. I wonder _ you would like to come to my birthday p

35、arty.A. that B. if C. that if D. that whether10. Do you remember _ he came here?Of course I do. His father drove him here.A. whether B. when C. how D. Why引导词+主语+谓语2. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序：陈述句语序，即主语S+谓语V。He asks, “Is he a student?陈述语序He asks if he is a student. Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/wheth

36、er he works hard.When did he leave? I dont know.I dont know when he left. I think that you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?【稳固练习】1. -I wonder _.-Shandong Province.A. when will Peng Liyuan come B. where Peng Liyuan is fromC. where Peng Liyuan came fromD. how Peng Liyu

37、an will come2. By reading the article, we know how _ in our daily life.A. will we protect the earthB. we can reduce pollutionC. should we save waterD. we must recycle things3. -Have you asked the policeman _?-Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. Its on the right.A. if there is a bank near

38、here B. how can we get to the nearest bankC. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank4. No one knows what _ in fifty years.A. will our life be like B. is our life likeC. our life will be likeD. our life is like5. -Mr. Wang, can you tell me _?- will help you.A. why I can get the

39、 latest news about educationB. where can I search for the information about high schoolsC. where I can find out the exam scoresD. why can I get the latest news about education3. 宾语从句的时态：1 当主句的谓语动词为如今时态并非只指一般如今时，也可以是如今完成时，如今进展时等如今时态时，从句的谓语动词用它所需要的任何一种时态。he studies English every day.he is studying Eng

40、lish now.主现从任意 he will study English tomorrow.He says thathe has studied English for five years.he was studying English from 8 to 9 yesterday evening.he studied English five days ago.2 当主句的谓语动词为过去时态 并非只指一般过去时，只要是过去的时态形式即可 时，从句的谓语动词必须用它所相对应的过去时形式。假如从句的动作发生在主句之前，那么从句要用过去完成时态。he studied English every d

41、ay.he was studying English now. he would study English tomorrow.He said thathe had studied English for five years.he was studying English from 8 to 9 yesterday evening.he studied English five days ago.注意：“could 用于表委婉语气时，不是指过去时, 所以从句用 “can 而不能用“could。Could you tell me when I can leave?真理永一现!3 当从句描绘的是

42、事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般如今时。He sayssaidthat the earth goes around the sun. 主过从过去He sayssaidthat it is better to give than to receive. 【稳固练习】1. If you cant find the place, I will show you _.A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was2. -Did the radio say _?-Yes, from Hunan

43、.A. how the bad rice cameB. where the bad rice came from C. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from 3. -Did Mrs. Brown leave a message?-Yes. She wanted to know _ this Sunday.A. that you will go shoppingB. when will you go shopping with herC. if you would go shopping with herD.

44、who you would go shopping4. There are too many clothes in the shop. I really cant decide _.A. which to buy coat B. to buy which coatC. which coat should I buy D. which coat to buy5. Could you please tell me _? In three days.A. when will your course startB. when your course will startC. when your cou

45、rse startedD. when did your course start 6. Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow?A. whether they leave forB. whether will they leave forC. whether they are leaving forD. whether do they leave for7. -Can you guess _ the new Nike sports shoes?-Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.A. wh

46、ere he bought B. how he paid forC. when he paid for D. why he bought8. Could you tell me _ yesterday?Because my bike was broken on my way here.A. why you came late B. why do you come lateC. why you come late D. why did you come late9. Tom said he _ back in a week.A. will come B. would come C. come D

47、. comes10. The teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.A. travelsB. travelledC. would travelD. had travelled4. 宾语从句的否认转移：当动词think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess后接一个表示否认意义的宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称时，其否认通常转移到主句上，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont believe it is right for him to treat you

48、like that.I dont think we need waste much time on it. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?【稳固练习】1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. “Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Tom. Mr. Zhao asked Tom _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.5. What do