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1、.高二情态动词专题本部分主要讲几种情态动词的常见用法,特别是各种情态动词+完成时态的不同意义及注意点,让学生通过例句来总结知识点,合适自主学习性比较强的学员1.情态动词定义:情态动词又称情态助动词,无 和 的变化,只能与 或 构成谓语;既有情态动词特殊,又有实义动词特征的称为半情态动词。2.情态动词的分类及特点情态动词的分类1 只做情态动词:must, cancould, maymight 2 可做情态动词又可做实义动词: 3 具有情态动词特征: 4 情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定 一肯, 一否, 三不定。情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的 ,否认式构成是在情态动词后面加

2、 。个别情态动词有如今式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,如今或将来。情态动词属 ,故没有 。 我们搬不动那箱子。 对不起,我帮不上你。 注意:助动词如do, did等与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:助动词本身 表示人称和时态,而情态助动词那么 ,能表示说话人对 的看法,或表示 : What have you been doing since your last job? 构成完成进展体,本身无词义 I am afraid I must be going. 一定要 You may have read some account of the matte

3、r. 或许已经NO.1 can&could1. 用法1) 表示才能,指有才能做某事,意为“可以1 2 .2) 表示 。表示恳求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更委婉;意为“可否、可以。1 2 3) 在肯定句中,表示理论性的可能性;译为“ 。要表达详细某事实际发生的可能性时,不用can,需用could, may, might。1 .2 .实际可能性4) 用在否认、疑问或感慨句中,意为“可能。1 2 ?5) 表示推测,用在否认句、疑问句和感慨句中,表示惊异、疑心、不相信等态度,意为“可能,可以注意:1 could用来表示恳求时,语气委婉,主要用于 ,不能用于 ,答语应用 即: 。如:Cou

4、ld I use your dictionary?Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not2 can和be able to辨析cancould和be able to都可以表示才能,意思上没有区别。但can只有 ,而be able to那么有更多的形式。如:但是,表示 ,通常不用could,而用 来表示。这时, 相当于 或 。如: 另外,表示“有才能抑制困难做成某事,还可用 或 。如:1 The fire spread through

5、 the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2 -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont NO.2 may&might1. 用法1) 表示允许、答应。否认答复一般用 ,表示“制止、阻止之意,但也可以用 最好别或 不可以,语气较为委婉。1 2 2) 在表示恳求、允许时,migh

6、t比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方答应在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在日常用语中,用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。1 2 3) 表示可能性的推测,通常用在肯定句和否认句中,含有“ 之意;用might代替may时,那么语气显得更加不肯定。1 2 4) may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿1 2 愿他能持续住下去。3 .愿她安息。5) 用于表让步的状语从句中1 2 6) might常用于表示 。1 2 NO.2 must&have to1. must用法1) 用于 表示说话人有义务,有必要做某事;用于 表示命令或要求某人做某事。1 2 2) 答复带有must的问句时,否认答复常用 或

7、,表示“不必,而不用mustnt1 3) 表推断、预期或人以防止,意为“ 。1 2 .4) 表示“偏要、硬要:用于第二人称,意指 ;用于其它人称,表示 ,意为“ 1 .2 5) must的否认有如下3种形式,用于不同场合:1表示“ 时,否认意为“ ;2 表示“ 时,否认意为“ ;3 表示“ 时,否认意为“ 。1 2 .6) 可作名词,表示“必须有的东西做的事1 .2 .2.have to用法1“必须,不得不,意义与must相近。但must表示的是 ,而have to那么往往强调 。1 2must只有一种形式,即如今式与过去式都是一种形式,而have to那么涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。

8、1 .2 .3两者的否认意义不同,mustnt表示“ ,dont have to表示 。1 .2 .NO.3 shall&should1.shall用法 1用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示 ,表示“商量斟酌1 2 2用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的 1 .许诺2 .警告3 . 命令4 . 威胁3在法律、条约、规章等文件中,无论主语人称如何, 一律用 ,表示 等。1 . 义务2 . 规定3 . 预言2. should用法1表示 ,同义词为“ought to;表示义务,意指应该做,且有一种道义上的责任。1 2 2表示推测,用在肯定句中,对如今的情况或可能发生的事的 。意为“ 1

9、2 .3还可以用在if引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,相当于“ 的意思。从句谓语用 构成,主句一定用虚拟语气1 . 你万一见到汤姆,请让他给我打个 2 . 万一我明天有时间,我就过来4用于疑问句或感慨句中,表示 ,意为“ ;在疑问句中与 连用,表示不合理,难以相信或不应该之事;类似构造还有“ 1 2 例题1 Your brother seldom comes to see you, _? A. does he B. doesnt he C. will he D. isnt he2 Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? A. wo

10、nt we B. will we C. dont we D. shall weNO.4 will&would1. Will用法1) 用于表示 。will指如今,would指过去。1 . 他是个自行其是的人。2) 表示 等,用would比用will委婉、客气2 3) 表示习 ,意为“ 多用于第三人称。will至如今,would指过去。1 .2 . 人们总会说闲话。4) 表示 ,意为“ 。will表示推测比 把握大,比 把握小。1 2 5表示 指如今,有时可用如今时。1 .6用于对一个令人厌烦的坏习惯或对无生命物体进展批评假设仅陈述事实,不含厌烦情绪时,也可用如今时。1 .7用在if条件句中:1表

11、示意志,意为“ ;2 表示有礼貌的恳求或劝阻,意为“ ;3 表示对 。 1 2 .3 .8用于否认句中,意为“ ,表示“ 1 2 2. would用法1可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。比used to 正式,且没有“现已无此习惯的含义,常与 等连用。1 2 例题1 Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you2 - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I dont B.

12、I wont C. I cant D. I havent注意:would与used to辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能 ,所以我们不能说:“she would be a quiet girl.另外,would强调 。而used to那么着眼于 ,隐含 ,动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规那么的习惯,used to那么不可。如:NO.5 need&dare1. Need用法1) 用于表示“需要,必要之意。做情态动词时,仅用于否认句和疑问句,只有如今时,过去式要用neednt have,疑问式用need+人称?,否认式用need not即neednt1You needn

13、t have hurried.=It was not necessary for you to hurry,but you did.2) 做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词一样,后接带to的不定式need doing = need to be done ,过去式用needed、did you need?和didnt need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑问式用do、does、did提问,否认式要在前面加dont、doesnt、didnt1A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+名词, need un

14、derstanding=need to be understood,需要被理解2. dare用法1用于表示“敢于之意。做情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否认句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1 2用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词一样。在肯定句中,dare后接带to的不定式;否认句中,dare后既可接带to的不定式,也可接不带to的不定式。1 2He doesnt dare to go there alone.例题1 I dont know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed2 -Shall I tell John

15、 about it?- No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt3 Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may notNO.6 ought to1表示“ 之意1 2表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别1 . 断定他已到家2 . 不非常肯定3 . 比较直率4 . 比较含蓄专题精讲1. “Mike is often absent from class. “Tell h

16、im he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that. A. shall B. will C. would D. can2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. cannot B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt3. “Is John coming by train? “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. c

17、an C. need D. may4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. “It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be5. You _ be right, but I dont think you are. A. can B. could C. must D. should专题过关1. If they _ to do this work, he might do i

18、t some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. should have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD. should send3. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. dont we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer

19、 so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _ not be mine. It _ be his.A. Can, must, mayB. May, mig

20、ht, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. - We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. - “He _ it.A. mustnt attend B. cant have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.A. can have missed B. ma

21、y have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B. must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing10. You must be fifty, _?A. mustnt you B. neednt you C. arent you D. maynt you11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _?A. havent

22、 you B. didnt you C. mustnt you D. neednt you12. - That must be a mistake.- No .it _ be.A. cant B. isnt able to C. can D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _ have told it to him.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt14. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C.

23、 do you dare say D. dare to say15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer.A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you,

24、 too, _ English every day.A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speakingC. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to make my airline reservation 预订 but I _.A. should have B. may have C. must have D. shall have19. She _ get up at six every day when she was in colle

25、ge.A. would B. will C. might D. should20. Dont you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight?A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be goneNO.7 情态动词+have done1. must have done1) 表示 对过去已经发生的行为进展推测,意为“ ; 1 .2其否认式为“ ,意为“ ,指“对过去行为有把握的否认。2 .2. may/might have done1表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“ ;1 .2常用于虚拟语气中;1 .3“might

26、 have done用于提出批评,表示 等,还可表示“ ,这时,句中常有将来时间状语,或句子描绘的是将来某个时候会发生的事。用might那么表示语气更加不肯定。1 2 .3. canhave done cannot have done1 could have done 用于对过去可能性的推断,意为“ ,在肯定句中,指“ ;用于疑问句或否认句,表示对 ;1 . 对是否已将信发出无把握2) could have done 意为“ ,指“ 常用于虚拟语气,表示 等;2 .3) can have done 仅用于 句,表示从如今目光看过去发生的事情,但“could + have done既可表示从 的

27、目光看还可表示从 的某个时间点看之前发生的事情。3 .4. might have done表示“ 。另外,还可以表示“ 之意,含有细微的责备语气。1 .2 5. should/ought to have done1 用于肯定句时,表示 ;用于否认句时,那么表示 ; 1 2) 用于对过去的推断,说话人认为“ ,说话人不能肯定,只是试探性地得出结论,语气婉转;1 3) 对已发生的事表示“惊奇、绝望、愤怒等情绪。1 6. neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意: 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事1 .2 .7. will/would have done用于推测过去,意为“

28、,指“说话人确信某事已发生,但并不确知,并用于 人称:1) 假如以如今为时间点,可以用“will have done;2) 假如以过去为时间点,只能用“would have done;3) will have done也用于推测将来某个时间前已经完成。1 .8. had better have done用于事后的建议,含细微责备的口吻,意为“ ,其否认式 表示相反的含义。1 2 9. would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事,其否认式would rather not have done表示相反的含义,两者都表示“懊悔之意。1 .2 .专题精讲1. “Do you th

29、ink he is lazy? “I _ so once, but I dont now. A. may have thought B. can have thoughtC. may think D. might think2. Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other. A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied3. There were already five people in the car, but t

30、hey managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 4. I cant find my purse anywhere. -You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would专题过关1. You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waitedB. neednt haveC. didnt need to

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