牛津上海版高二上英语 第8讲---定语从句

1、.授课日期时 间主 题定语从句知识点复习学习目的1.复习限制性定语从句三要素，梳理和复习定语从句的根本知识及解题技巧。2.弄清限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别和根本解题技巧。3.定语从句中常犯错误总结。教学内容1、 上次课后稳固作业复习；2、 互动探究ChorusShe is the one that you never forget She is the heaven-sent angel you met Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl She is so pretty all over the world She puts the

2、 rhythm, the beat in the drum She comes in the morning and the evening she's gone Every little hour every second you live Trust in eternity that's what she gives 定语从句【知识梳理1】定语从句的概念 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句Attributive Clause The man who lives next to ussells vegetable. You must do everything that I

3、 can do.【知识梳理2】定语从句的分类1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系亲密, 假如没有定语从句, 主句不完好, 且与先行词之间无逗号。 eg: He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。假如后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完好。2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 假如删除, 主句意义仍然完好, 与先行词之间有逗号。 eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine. My aunt

4、Alice ,whom I havent seen for years, is coming next month. 注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。 that不能用于非限制性定语从句。【知识梳理3】定语从句要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who/whom 指代人, which指代物，that指代人/物，as, whose.关系词的分类:关系副词：when 指代时间，where 指代地点，why 指代原因 1. 引导定语从句关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词 3. 在定语从句中

5、担当一个句法成分【知识梳理4】指人的关系代词: who / whom / that 先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after peoples health.先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party who / whom / that he respected much.关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.【稳固练习】1.The six blind men asked for mo

6、ney from peopleby.A. passedB. who passedC. who were passedD. who passing2.Mr. Brown is the very personcan help us to solve the problem.A. whichB. whomC. thatD. of whom3.Ms Chancery is the teacher.A. I like her best B. I like bestC. that I like her bestD. whom like best4.The years and monthswe spent

7、together are really wonderful to us all.A. whenB. on whichC. in whichD. that5.The womanwas John's wife.A. I spoke to herB. whom I spoke to herC. that I spokeD. I spoke to6. Chapinmoney is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends.A. whoseB. whichC. for whomD. who【知识梳理5】指物的关系

8、代词: which / that先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.先行词在从句中作宾语：The book which / that you just laid on the shelf is mine.关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano. 注意：1. 用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much， a lit

9、tle等；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；假设前面有疑问词which,为了防止重复，关系代词用that。 2. 用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物； 引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思； 介词 + 关系代词，只用which指物; 先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.【稳固练习】1. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.2. Wow! Look at the

10、 man and his horse are running down the road.3. There is nothing can prevent him from doing it.4. The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.5. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.6. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner _ he knows.7. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to

11、 the others, , of course, made all the others upset.8. October 15th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.【知识梳理6】表示所有格：whose既表示人的所有也表示物的所有表示人的所有： The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.表示物的所有： Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.the + 名词+of + whom which 的构造= whose + 名词

12、，下面三句意思一样，例如： 1. The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.2. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. 3. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.1） There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.2） There are t

13、wenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.3） There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.【稳固练习】1. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 2In the police station I saw the man fromroom the thief had stolen the TV set.A. whomB. whic

14、hC. thatD. whose3.It was a meetingimportance I didn't realize at that time.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose4.The classroomface south is ours.A. whose window B. whose windows C. which windowD. that window5.This book is specially written for the studentsnative language is not English.A. who'

15、sB. thatC. theirD. Whose【知识梳理7】as作关系代词的用法as引导的定语从句常出现于the sameas,suchas,asas和soas构造中。当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。Lets meet at the same place as we did yesterday.注意： the sameas vs the samethat 指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物 This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?This is the same

16、 watch that I lost. Please return it to me. suchas vs suchthatIt is such a difficult problem as no one can work out. It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像那样. that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此以致于. as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这

17、，这件事as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.【稳固练习】1.I have bought the same dressshe is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what2.I'd li

18、ke to buy the same bookwas read by Tom yesterday.A. whichB. asC. thatD. B or C3.That is the same manasked me for money yesterday.A. asB. whichC. thatD. A or C4.She is the same girlI sat next to in class last week.A. asB. whoC. thatD. A or C5.Keep away from such thingswill do you harm.A. asB. thatC.

19、to whichD. which6. It wasn't such a good dinnershe had promised us.A. thatB. asC. whichD. what7.He spoke for such a long timepeople began to fall asleep.A. thatB. asC. whichD. what8.He is not such a foolhe looks.A. thatB. asC. whoD. whom9.It is such a difficult problemnobody can work out.A. that

20、B. asC. so thatD. which10. Are these the same peoplewe saw last week?A. asB. whomC. whoD. what【知识梳理8】关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句 Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess? where=at which There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. when=during which The days are gone when h

21、e was an ignorant boy. when=in which They didnt explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. why=for which 定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例1 This is the city that/which I visited last year. 分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the

22、city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语2 This is the city where I lived last year.分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。 总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词【例题精讲】用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空1 The house _ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers office.2 The hou

23、se_ door faces north is our teachers office.3 I always remember the days _are my familys birthday.4 I always remember the days _I lived with my grandparents.5 Xiamen _ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.6 Xiamen _we live in is a beautiful city.7 Xiamen _ many foreigners come to visi

24、t is a beautiful city.8 This is the reason_ caused me late for school today.9 I quite agree with the reason_ you told me.10 I dont believe the reason _ you were late this morning.【稳固练习】选择1.I shall never forget those yearsI lived in the country with the farmers.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where2.Do you

25、still remember the dayswe spent together in Australia?A. whenB. during whichC. whichD. on which3.This is the last timewe have come to take the examination this year.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. on which4.The years and monthswe spent together are really wonderful to us all.A. whenB. on whichC. in whichD.

26、 that5.We often think of the dayswe spent together on the island.A. whenB. whichC. in whichD. during which6.If a shop has chairswomen can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where7.He's got himself into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control

27、 over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why8. I can think of many casesstudents obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.A. whyB. whichC. asD. where9.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small townhe grew up as a child.A. whichB

28、. whereC. thatD. when10. Fie has left for Beijing,a meeting is to be held.A. whenB. whereC. asD. which 11.The reasonI write to you is to tell you about my new friend Henry.A. becauseB. whyC. forD. as12.Have you ever asked him the reasonmay explain his absence?A. whyB. whenC. thatD. what13.I don'

29、t know the reasonshe was late.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. why14.The gardener was called to tell the waythe poor dog had died.A. thatB. whichC. A or DD. in which15.In English, words are not always spelledthey sound.A. just sameB. the same asC. the wayD. by the means【知识梳理9】定语从句其他情况：1. 定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词，whic

30、h, as 可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。 They have invited me to dinner, which is very kind of them. He disliked the girl, as was expected .2. 偶尔也用but引导定语从句，这种情况已经比较少见了。There is not one of us but wishes = who does not wish to improve our English.我们没有一个人不想进步英语程度。3. 关系代词在从句中主语时，从句中的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。The students who are in

31、Grade 3 are going to climb the hill. 4. 分隔定语从句，定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间有其他的成分隔开如定语，状语或谓语。 There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand. 他的眼中有一种我不能理解的神情。This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.He was the only person in this country who was invited.5. 定语从句时态的简化。假如主句动词是将来时，从

32、句动词表示的动作与主句动作发生在同一时间，从句要用一般如今时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。但是假如从句动作是指不同于主句动作的将来时间，那么两部分都要用将来时。 There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks. 任何人在下两周内定做衣服都将享受优待价格。 Those who will go to tomorrows show will have to come this afternoon to get their tickets. 明天去看演出的人今天下午来取票。

33、6. 引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+ which 来代替。 This is the room in which = where Lu Xun once lived. 7 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，也可以省略。 The way in which/ that/ / he answered the question was surprising.8详细的地点名词后可以接where从句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情况，方面的名词也同样加where从句，这种用法源于“in this c

34、ase, at this point, in this situation, under the condition等短语，例：There are many cases where this rule does not hold good. 在很多情况下，这条规那么都不适用。He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.I will show you the point where you fail.This is a job where you can learn something.He left his hometown i

35、n 2019 since when he has never come back.9. 定语从句需要保持主句的完好性  在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的构造必须完好，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否那么，整个主从复合句就无法成立。eg：Is this the book you bought yesterday? Is this book the one you bought yesterday?【稳固练习】1. Todays college is appropriate as a setting for a society,_ its members must acquir

36、e and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources2. The scientists have made an exhaustive study of the virus with _ many people have been infected.3. The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country _ has produced "in the field of literature the most ou

37、tstanding work in an ideal direction.                        4. Donald survived when the car _ he was in crashed into a truck from the opposite side. 5. A Chinese basketball team e

38、mployed the former NBA superstar Tracy Macready this year, _ encouraged the whole team and the fans.6. Life is a hospital _ every patient is possessed by the desire to change his bed. 7. My grandfather, _ is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about good old days. 8. Mo Yan, many of&#

39、160;        works were based on his experience in his birth place, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 2019.                   9. I can think of many cases _ studen

40、ts obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good sentence.10. A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2019, on _ the date, the month and the year match.I. 选择1.We should learn from those are always ready to help others.A. whoB. whomC. theyD. that2.Tom is

41、 the only one of the students who to Shanghai.A. have goneB. have beenC. has beenD. had gone3.I,your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. which am4.The old man has two sons, are lawyers.A. both of themB. both of whoC. both of whomD. both of they5.The manhas go

42、ne to Japan.A. whom I told youB. that I told youC. whom I told you about himD. I told you about6.Please pass me the dictionary cover is black.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. which of7.The radio setlast week has been out of order.A. I boughtB. I bought itC. which I bought itD. what I bought8.This is the big

43、gest labwe have ever built in our university.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where9.Air,we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. thatB. /C. whichD. it10.This is the museumwe saw an exhibition the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in that11.This museum isyou visited the other day.A. thatB. which

44、C. whereD. the one12.This is the museumyou saw the other day.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that13.It is the third timelate this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrivedC. that you've arrivedD. when you've arrived14.Have you ever been to Shanghai, I left ten years ago?A. whereB. whichC.

45、 that D. when15.This is the very place I'm wishing to live in.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which16.I have bought the same dress she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. than17.Can you solve such problems raised by the audience?A. what wereB. as wereC. that wereD. which were18.The reason he didn'

46、;t come was he was injured.A. that, because B. why, thatC. why, becauseD. that, that19.His father died last year, made it impossible for him to go abroad.A. whenB. whichC. asD. that20.Allis needed is a supply of oil.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which21.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten wind

47、ows, most of had not been cleaned for years.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which22.This is one of the meansthe electric energy is conducted from one place to another.A. by whichB. by thatC. through whichD. through that23.The placeyou are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in whichB. at whichC. wher

48、eD. which24.The last riverthey crossed is two miles wide.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which25.The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks built in the Qing Dynasty.A. where wereB. where wasC. that wereD. which was26.The factoryI am going to is the placemy mother used to work many years ago.

49、A. where, where B. where, whichC. which, whereD. that, which27.Don't trust such men overpraise you to your face.A. asB. thatC. whoD. which28.The professor has two sons, are teaching in the same university.A. neither of them B. either of themC. both of themD. both of whom29.Don't do such thin

50、gs you are not sure about.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what30.Rober is good at languages, we all know.A. becauseB. forC. asD. since II. 填空1.  Microblog is a platform _ people can express their thoughts, show their daily life and communicate with each other by sending post.    

51、0;          2. I kept getting mysterious phone calls _ the caller would hang up as soon as I answered.3.In Canada, cross country skiing is a popular sport among people _ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.4.Funny animals is a term used in comics

52、 and animated cartoons _ the animals are given human characteristics.5. Our math teacher set such a hard test problem _ none of us could work out the other day. 6. Being from a family _ produced great actors, its no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight.7. Decreasing the greenhous

53、e effect, _ may result in global warming, is a complicated problem facing the whole world. 8. Lucy has many positive personality features _ make her popular at school. I. 选择1.China has hundreds of islands, we all know.A. in whichB. at whichC. of whichD. which2.She wrote a letter to her father, she m

54、ade her secret known.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. where3.Oxygen is a kind of gas, we couldn't live.A. without itB. without thatC. without whichD. if not4.Matter is anything .A. that take up space and have weightB. which take up space and have weightC. that takes up space and has weightD. those take up space and have weight5.I have many books, the best was borrowed by Mary.A. about themB. of whichC. among themD. n which6.She showed me the dictionary she paid a lot