牛津上海版高二英语-非谓语动词之一（自制超好用）教师版

1、.高二非谓语动词专题一本部分主要讲不定式和动名词，让学生通过例句来总结知识点，合适自主学习性比较强的学员1.什么是非谓语动词：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式the Infinitive；动名词the Gerund；如今分词the Present Participle；过去分词the Past Participle。NO.1动词不定式动词不定式：to+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1. 不定式的形式：2不定式的句法功能: 不定式在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语一不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常

2、用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把不定式置于句首。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车到那会花费我们两个小时。(2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于以下句式中。 It做形式主语 常出如今以下四种句式中：句型一：It +be+形容词+for sb.+ to do sth. 这样的形容词有important, possible, difficult, easy, hard 等。如：It is difficult for him finish homework by himself。 句型二：It+ be

3、+形容词+of sb.+ to do sth. 这样的形容词有nice, kind, right, wrong, wise, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, good, silly, naughty等。如：Its clever of him to leave that company.简析： Its . of sb. to do sth.与Its. for sb. to do sth的区别 当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用Its.of sb. to do sth.。例如：Its very kind / nice of you to he

4、lp me。 当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 Its .for sb. to do sth.。例如：Its hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 句型三：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“花了某人一些时间去做某事。如：It takes me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting. 句型四：It is十名词+to do sth. 也是一种常见的用法。如：It is a pity to miss such

5、an important lecture.It is a pleasant thing to go fishing outside on a fine day.二不定式作宾语 1 通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词： agree； offer； intend，plan；demand，ask； promise； help； prepare； decide； refuse；dare； choose；wish，hope，want， expect； fail； pretend； manage； determine。同意提出做方案， 要求容许来帮助。 准备决定遭回绝，敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做

6、成决心坚。 补充：threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事(2) 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语think/make/find/believe/feelit补语adj/n.to do如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. (3) 介词but, except, besides +to dodo 在这种句型中，如介词前有实义动词do，后面应接不带to的不

7、定式；如无do，那么接to不定式，即前有实do后无to, 如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.(4) “疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式常常用作动词或介词的宾语。I dont know where to spend my holiday. 三不定式作表语 放在be动词后，解释主语的内容，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 四不定式作定语 1 在the first,

8、 the last, the only后面常跟不定式做定语，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一一个做.的人。例如：The secretary is usually the first to come to the meeting and the last to leave.(2) 表示抽象概念的名词后面接不定式做定语，对其进展解释说明：如ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。例如：The pressure to compete causes Americans

9、to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.竞争的压力使美国人精力充分，但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。His ability to read people minds makes him special.(3) 出如今there be 及have/has句型中，表示“有.事情要做。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。 There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上他回家时两手空空。断定不定式的主语

10、： Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要自己带给你儿子吗？ Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西让别人带给你儿子吗？ 注意：当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与所修饰的词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 (4) 名词+to do+介词或者副词，那么须保存介词、副词：He is looking for a room to live in. 五不定式作状语 1 做目的状语：so as to只能放在句中，否认式

11、：so as not to do.; in order to可以放在句中，也可以放在句首 相当于so that; in order that引导的目的状语从句，表示“为了.。例如：=He studies hard in order to go to college.=He studies hard so that he can go to college.(2) 做结果状语：相当于so-that引导的结果状语从句，常见句型：否认：too-to，“太.而不能肯定：enough to；“足够.可以表示意料之外，事与愿违情绪：only to.不定式要放在句子后面 例如：He searched the

12、 room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 注意：不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。例如：To see clearly what it is on the blackboard, I need a pair of glasses.To see clearly what it is on the blackboard, a pair of glasses is needed.六不定式作宾语补足语 1 常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive强迫,encourage,

13、expect, forbid, force, get, would like love, hate, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。如： Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2) 部分动词后常接to be形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to be可省略，如：believe, consider, discover, find=consider,feel =

14、think, imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see=understand, understand等。 We all believe John to be honest. I consider himto beone of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. (3) 感官动词五看：look at, see, watch, notice, observe；两听：listen to, hear；一感：feel和使役动词make, let, have后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。

15、 I didnt hear anyone say anything about it. They make the students do too much homework every day. 这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第句：The students are made to do too much homework every day. (4) 部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如： You may depend on them to be there early. 常这样用的短语动词有：ask for, care for, call on, count on, depen

16、d on, wait for, long for渴望， prepare for, wish for等。(5) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的构造。常用的动词有：believe ; expect; intend ; like ; love ; mean ; prefer ; want 等例如： We didnt expect there to be so many people there. You wouldnt want there to be another war. 3不定式的几点说明一不定式的独立构造 高中阶段还有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。

17、to tell you the truth 说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说 to begin with 首先 to be brief 简言之 to make a long story short 长话短说 to be exact 准确地说 to say nothing of 姑且不说 to conclude 总而言之 to be sure 诚然，固然 to be continued 未完待续to make things/matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是二介词to 和不定式to1 必背：常见的带不定式符号to的短语 be supposed to do应该做某事 be de

18、termined to do 决心要做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 spare no efforts to do 全力以赴做某事have the nerve to do 有胆量做某事 make up ones mind to do 决定做某事take the trouble to do 不辞辛苦地做某事prepare oneself to do 有思想准备做某事2 必背：常见的带介词to的短语 be used/accustomed to 习惯 be equal to 胜任 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to 献身于 get down to 着手做 g

19、ive rise to 引起 lead to 导致 look forward to 盼望 object to 反对 pay attention to 注意 be related to与有关 stick to 坚持三不定式符号“to的有无1 had better do something 最好would rather do something 宁愿would like to do something 想做2 why, why not引导问句不带to,句型为：疑问词+not+动词原形?例：Why spend so much money on such a coat? 3 连接词引导省略主语的陈述句

20、时要加to, 句型为：连接词+to do sth.例：I really dont know what to do now. 4 情景对话中，省略不定式时，to常要留下。例： Do you want to watch the match? Id like to, but Im not free now. 二、典型例题精讲1. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _ society for real-life experience. A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explo

21、red【参考答案】B【思路解析】 考察非谓语动词。have an opportunity to do sth. 意为“有时机做某事。2. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. Gone【参考答案】 B【思路解析】 此题考察了allow的用法，allow sb. to do sth.allow doing sth.，但是变成被动语态是sb. is allowed to do sth.，所以答案为B。3.Today we

22、have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losingB. to be losing C. to be lostD. having lost【参考答案】 B【思路解析】 此题考察的是不定式的进展时。有seem to do似乎做某事这一构造，在此根底之上，拓展为seem to be doing，表示在一段时间之内持续发生的动作或存在的状态4. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of

23、water in students bathrooms.A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce【参考答案】 B【思路解析】 此题考察非谓语动词之不定式用法，有the way to do sth.表示做的途径、方式。 the only way to do,we can imagine 为定语从句，用来修饰way，省略了that.5. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C

24、. to report D. having reported 【参考答案】 C【思路解析】 threaten“扬言要，威胁，恫吓，后面要跟不定式做宾语。report和它的逻辑主语David之间为主谓关系，故要用不定式的主动形式，答案为C。三、专题过关1. He is said to _ _ to his country because a new president comes into power.A. be allowed to return B. allow to returnC. allow returning D. be allowed returning2. He spoke in

25、 such a high voice _ _at the further end of the room.A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear3. - Do you work in the lab every afternoon?- No, but sometimes, I wish I_ _ .A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time4. Could you tell me the way youve thought of_ _?A.

26、 to do it B. doing it C. do it D. has to do it5. Whom would you rather _ _ the work?A. to have to do B. to have do C. have to do D. have do6. Smith appears _ _a long time. He is impatient for my arrival. A. to wait B. to be waiting C. to have waited D. to have been waiting7. He is said_ _ in the sup

27、ermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. to have been badly treated B. treating badly C. being badly treated D. to be treated badly8. - Why was he fined? - He happened to _ _ several flowers in the park. A. be seen pick B. be seen picking C. be caught to pick D. catch picking9. For nearly t

28、hree hours we waited for the decision, only _ _ to come again the next day. A. telling B. to be told C. told D. being told10. - Why so serious, dear? - Nothing. Im just thinking about the problem _ _ tomorrow. A. discussed B. will be discussed C. to be discussed D. being discussed答案：1-5 AAAAD 6-10 B

29、ABBCNO.2动名词1.动名词的形式：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。动名词的形式： 语 态 式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否认式：not + 动名词2. 动名词句法功能：动名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语一动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把动名词置于句首。如： Learning new words is very useful to me。(2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，常用于以下句式中：It + is+ no goo

30、d, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish +doing：It is fun doing shopping in small markets.注意：important, necessary, essential, impossible等形容词后只能用不定式。注意2：1动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数； 2当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原那么，主语和表语在形式上要 求统一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.二动名词作宾语 句型一

31、：动词+动名词充当宾语在一些动词后只可以用动名词做宾语而不可以用不定式做宾语例如：admit; advise; risk finish, stop, cant help, consider, advise, practice, miss, imagineNowadays, many people are considering going abroad for further study.句型二：sb+think/consider/find/feel like/+it形式宾语+useless/no use/no good宾补+doing.例：I found it useless arguing

32、 about it.Do you consider it worth buying a house in the country?句型三：主动形式表被动意义：need, want, require, deserve, worth 等词后面，通常接动名词的主动形式来表达被动意义：如：1 The grass needs cutting =The grass needs to be cut; 2 Many nurses were worth praising because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami 3 Many nurses deserved

33、 praisingto be praised because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami注：need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done句型四：作介词的宾语，放在类似于be afraid of, be/get used/accustomed to, think of, be fond of, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble/di

34、fficulties in , insist on , persist in, put off 等的词组后作宾语。注意：介词+动名词一起充当主句状语时，动名词的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。1We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.2Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?3He came to the party without being invited with+动名词构成伴随状语.4The driver was fined for having drunk w

35、hile driving for+动名词构成加原因状语. 句型五：There is + no good/no use/no point+in doing，“做某事没有好处、用处、意义There is no good in doing so much homework every day without thinking if it is worthwhile.注意：1 在There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There is no telling what will happen. There is no joking about such matters.2动名词前的介

36、词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty in doing, have no trouble indoing, prevent/stopfromdoing, there is no useindoing等。句型六：作形容词的宾语，通常用在be worth doing, be busy doing的句型中：The music is well worth listening to more than once.We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.三动名词作表语 例：My favourite sport is swimming。

37、注：job, work, hobby做主语时，表语用动名词。例：My job is teaching。 动名词做表语时要注意与进展时态区分，例：She was washing clothes。Her job was washing clothes。四动名词作定语 动名做定语置于名词前，说明所修饰词的性质以及用处，具有名词性质。例：a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for s

38、leeping五作同位语The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很机密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。NO.3不定式和动名词的区别一. 从含义上，不定式：详细某一次的动作动名词：抽象的一般行为、习惯例如：I love swimming, but I dont love to swim in this dirty river. 注意：平衡原那么：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用

39、不定式。To live is to struggle.Seeing is believing. 二. 作主语时：动名词：表抽象和经历不定式：表详细动作Smoking is prohibited here. 抽象 It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 详细 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在顶峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 经历 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.详细三. 接不定式和动名词作宾语含义不同的词组 forget, rememb

40、er + to do忘记/记得去做某事forget, remember + doing/having done 忘记/记得做过某事 regret + to dotell, say, inform, announce等很遗憾地regret + doing/having done懊悔做过某事 mean + to do 打算做某事 mean + doing 意味着 try + to do设法/尽力做某事 try + doing 试着做某事stop/go on + to do 停下/继续去做另一件事 stop/go on + doing 停顿/继续正在做的事cant help + doing= can

41、t help but do 禁不住 cant help + to do不能帮助干 consider + doing 考虑做某事 consider + to do/be 认为典型例题1. Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone2019年上海高考【参考答案】 B【思路解析】 此题考察动词非谓语中分词的使用。risk doing sth. 意为“冒险去做某事。2. When Peter spe

42、aks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.2019年 A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 【参考答案】 A【思路解析】 固定搭配have trouble/ difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难。3.Its no use _ without taking action.2019年 A. complain B. complaining C. being complainedD. to be complained【参

43、考答案】 B【思路解析】Its no use doing sth.的固定句式构造，意为“做某事无用。相类似的句式构造还有: Its no point doing sth. Theres no need to do sth.4. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.2019年 A. find B. found C. to find D. finding【参考答案】 D【思路解析】 固定搭配have trouble/ difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难。5. Bi

44、ll suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.2020年 A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 【参考答案】 C【思路解析】 suggest后面要跟名词或动名词做宾语，可排除B、D。举行会议发生在将来，故可排除A，答案为C。专题过关1. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to

45、 persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 2. Tony was very unhappy for_ _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 3. He came to the party without_ _, which made all of us surprised. A. inviting B. being inviting

46、 C. having been invited D. being invited4. What worried the child most was _ _ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 5. _ _in extra-curricular activities gives students many priceless lifelong skills that

47、 will be valuable to them forever. A. Being involved B. Involving C. To involve D. Involve6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promote B. having been promotedC. having promoted D. to be promoted7. All the staff in our company are considering _ _ t

48、o the city centre for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone8. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use_ _with him. A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued9. I cant stand_ _ with Jane in the same office, as she is always talking, which dist

49、racts my attention.A. working B. work C. worked D. being worked10. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived答案：1-5 CDDBA 6-10 BBBAA一、 才能培养1. President Obama claimed that the rise of

50、 China could be a big threat and the world needs_.reshape 2. Although parents seem _give good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with lifes difficulties.3. Doctors warn people that _ control anger through unnatura

51、l methods is much more harmful to a persons health than the anger itself. 4. Children with bad grades can always think of brilliant ways to escape _. punish5. Owing to the adequate preparations, the research team did not have much trouble _ locate the wrecked ship. 6._ expose to radiation in the lab

52、oratory too often caused Marie Curies death. 7. The “magical apple, which we wish not to be the last one _ fascinate us, has inspired the imagination and passion of millions of people. 8. Mr Wang made up his mind to devote all he could_ improve his oral English before going abroad.9. The flu is believed _cause by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the hum