2016新课标三维人教英语选修七unit4section

1、Section_Grammar 限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现选词填空(that/which/who)1I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3But last

2、weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.4When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying “ieee ieee”5The only possessions (that) I could see were one broom, a few tin plat

3、es and cups and a couple of jars.我的发现(1)以上五个句子皆为限制性定语从句。(2)句1、3为关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词为表示物或地点的名词(短语)，关系代词which在从句中充当主语。(3)句2、4为关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词为指人的名词(短语)，who在从句中充当主语。(4)句5为省掉关系代词that 的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作动词see的宾语，先行词为由only修饰的名词possessions。一、概述1定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰的词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行

4、词。2引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。3定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。Here is the_girl (who/whom) we have been looking for. 先行词 引导词这就是我们一直在寻找的女孩。We will always remember those_days when we worked 先行词 引导词together there.我们将永远记住我们一起在那里工作的日子。We went to the_factory where we had ever worked. 先行词引导词我们去了我们曾经工作过的工厂。She boug

5、ht a_dress yesterday which suits her very well. 先行词引导词昨天她买了一件非常适合她的女裙。即时演练1用定语从句连接两个简单句The doctor is in the room. You are looking for him.(whom)The_doctor_whom_you_are_looking_for_is_in_the_room.Nobody wants the house. Its windows are all broken.(whose)Nobody_wants_the_house_whose_windows_are_all_br

6、oken.We know the place. Our teacher lives there.(where)We_know_the_place_where_our_teacher_lives.Do you know the reason? She was late for the meeting for it. (why)Do_you_know_the_reason_why_she_was_late_for_the_meeting?二、限制性定语从句1关系代词的种类、功能及句法作用所作成分代替人代替物代替人或物主语who/thatwhich/as/thatthat/as宾语whomwhich

7、/as/thatthat/as定语whose/of whomwhose/of whichwhoseYesterday I helped an_old_man who/that lost his way.人作主语昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。He finished a_novel last year which/that made him famous. 物作主语去年他完成了一部让他出名的小说。The_man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 人作宾语你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。This is the_pen (that/which) he bo

8、ught yesterday. 物作宾语这是他昨天买的钢笔。He is the_scientist whose achievements/the achieve­ 人作定语ments of_whom are well­known. 作定语他就是那位成就卓著的科学家。The_station whose construction/the construction of_which 物作定语作定语was finished the year before has already come into use.前年完工的车站已经投入使用。(1) as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于suc

9、h . as ., the same . as . 结构中，as为关系代词，其既可指人也可指物，且在从句中既可作主语也可作宾语。 He is such a kind person as we all like him. 他是个很善良的人，我们都喜欢。This is the same book as was bought yesterday.这是和昨天买的同样的一本书。(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与先行词的单复数形式一致。The number of the people who/that come to visit the city each year rises one m

10、illion.每年来参观这座城市的人数增加100万。名师点津关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词为“one of复数名词”时，谓语动词的单复数与复数名词形式一致；若先行词为“the only one of复数名词”时，谓语动词的单复数与one一致。Tom is one of the students who study hard.汤姆是这些学习刻苦的学生中的一个。Tom is the only one of the students who studies hard.汤姆是这些学生中唯一一个学习刻苦的。(3)表示人的关系代词who在口语中代替whom。如果关系代词作介词的宾语，则只能用whom, 但

11、如果把介词放在句尾，则两者都可以用；表示物的关系代词that在口语中可代替which。如果关系代词作介词的宾语，则只能用which, 但如果把介词放在句尾，则两者都可以用。This is the missing boy who/whom they are searching for. This is the missing boy for whom they are searching.这是他们正在寻找的丢失的男孩。It is the TV series (that/which) we talked about just now. It is the TV series about which

12、 we talked just now.这就是我们刚才谈论的电视连续剧。(4)当关系代词whose代替物时，实际上相当于of which；当关系代词whose代替人时，实际上相当于of whom。It was a small village whose name (the name of which/of which the name) I have forgotten.那是一个小村子，它的名字我忘了。During our stay at the seaside city last summer, we met a fisherman whose face ( the face of whom

13、/of whom the face) got sun­burnt.去年夏天我们在这座海边城市逗留期间，我们遇到了一位农夫，他的脸都晒黑了。(5)关系代词引导定语从句，且关系代词作介词的宾语时，先行词是人，关系代词用whom；先行词是物，关系代词用which。介词有时位于关系代词之前，有时也可位于从句中动词之后。Now she needs a person to whom she could turn for help.现在她需要一位能够寻求帮助的人。There is a dictionary in which we can look up the new word.那里有一本词典，我

14、们可以在这本词典里查这个新单词。名师点津介词的确定主要取决于三个原则：一是与先行词的搭配；二是与从句中动词的搭配；三是上下文表达的需要。(6) 关系代词只用that的几种特殊情况。当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时Tell me everything that you know.把你知道的一切告诉我。当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some修饰时This is the only coat that I have.这是我拥

15、有的唯一一件大衣。当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时This is the most beautiful city that I visited.这是我参观过的最美的城市。当先行词被序数词修饰时This is the first lesson that we have this term.这是我们这一学期上的第一节课。当先行词既包括人又包括物时He hasn't sent us the workers and equipment that we need.他没有给我们送来我们需要的工人和设备。当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the coat that you

16、 like best?你最喜欢的大衣是哪件？当关系代词在从句中作表语时Your disease is not the case that it used to be.你的病情已经不是过去的情况了。即时演练2在下列句中填入恰当的关系代词This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.This is the most interesting story that I've ever read.He has the same dictionary as I bought yesterday.I bought a great many books on w

17、hich I spent all my money that I saved.2关系副词的种类、功能及句法作用关系副词被替代的先行词在从句中的作用when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词(reason)原因状语The_day when ( at which) we first traveled by plane 时间 时间状语finally came.我们第一次坐飞机旅行的日子终于来了。We know the_place where ( in which) our teacher lives. 地点 地点状语我们知道老师住的地方。Do you know

18、 the_reason why ( for which) he was so sorry? 原因原因状语你知道他那么难过的原因吗？名师点津关系副词when, where及why可转换为：介词which。when, where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为for which。The day will come when ( on which) we'll meet again.我们再次见面的日子会到来的。 In the middle of the sitting room, there is a table where ( on which)

19、 many dishes are placed.在客厅的中间有一张放着很多盘子的桌子。(1)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。We admire the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。(2)表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, race, life, point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。They are now in a situat

20、ion where they need to make a practical plan.他们现在处于一种需要制定一个切实可行的计划的处境。即时演练3将下列句中的关系副词改为含有“介词关系代词”的形式I never forgot the days when we studied together at school.I never forgot the days in_which we studied together at school.I have decided to visit the place again where we met each other.I have decided

21、 to visit the place again at_which we met each other.Can you help to find out a way that we can solve the problem easily?Can you help to find out a way in_which we can solve the problem easily?His illness was the reason why he had given up the chance.His illness was the reason for_which he had given

22、 up the chance.用适当的关系词填空1Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.2She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other.3Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they

23、live.4The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.5The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. 6Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals a

24、nd plants can be protected.7When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.8The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.9Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.10The prize will go to

25、 the writer whose story shows the most imagination.单句写作(用定语从句补全句子)1The time when_we_got_together finally came.我们聚会的时间终于来了。2There is no person that_does_not_make_mistakes.没有不犯错的人。3This is the best film that_I_have_ever_seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。4Is this the reason why_he_refused_our_offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？5I

26、 met an old man last week whose_daughter_is_studying_abroad.上周我遇到了一位老人，他的女儿正在国外学习。6The day will come when_we'll_win_the_final_victory. 我们赢得最后胜利的日子将会到来。7I need such a dictionary as_you_bought_badly.我急需一本像你买的一样的词典。8This is the hotel where_they_stayed_last_month.这是他们上个月逗留的旅馆。9Do you know the man who/whom_I_talked_with?你认识我与之交谈的那个人吗？10Is there anyone in your class whose_family_is_in_the_country?你们班里有家庭在乡村的人吗？.用适当的关系词完成短文Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer 1.who wrote around 480 books 2.that/which included mystery stories, scie