改错题解题技巧

1、短文改错题型及练习短文改错考情预测1.短文改错内容仍将是贴近学生生活的话题以及社会热点话题。体裁仍以应用文、记叙文、说明文为主。2.仍将注重对习惯用语、句子结构和句型的考查，在强调对文章内容整体理解的同时，对特定语境中阅读能力的考查将进一步加强。3. "136"一直为题型设计的准绳，即：只有一行正确；缺词和多词共占三行；六行需要找出错误并改正。谓语动词仍将是2006年短文改错考查的重点，其次是非谓语动词、形容词、代词、名词等；对虚词考查的比例仍不会减少，而且干扰的难度将有所增大，对考生逻辑思维能力的考查力度也将继续加强。4.短文改错会基本保持平稳，在设错角度上仍会考虑中国考

2、生的思维习惯，从考生最易犯错的知识点上进行设计。 命题会在进一步淡化语法的同时，加大对篇章综合的能力的考查力度。    下面具体从短文改错题型、命题角度和解题思路几个方面探讨06年高考命题趋势，帮助各位考生把握设错规律，增强对错误表达的敏感度，提高改错的准确率。考点一   错词错词的类型很多，具体参见下表：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词判断名词前的冠词是否误用名词名词的数句中名词该用单数还是复数动词动词时态、语态以及主谓一致根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确非谓语动词分词、动名词、不定式根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用代词人称

3、代词的格、指示代词及关系代词与从句关系1.人称代词的格是否误用 2.代词前后指代是否一致3.定语从句中关系词是否误用形容词、副词词法判断句中形容词和副词是否误用介词惯用法惯用法中介词是否误用连词句法判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误用 考点二  少词（漏词）漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词，这又与前后词语的搭配有关。不是固定搭配的要特别注意行文习惯或者上下文之间的逻辑关系。请看下表：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词名词前是否缺冠词不及物动词介词不及物动词后是否缺介词不定式小品词"to"不定式中是否缺少了不该省的"to"被动语态助动词被动语

4、态结构中是否缺少了助动词"be"母语迁移词类用法将形容词、副词或介词视作动词，使句子缺少谓语动词固定搭配惯用法惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词        考点三  多词多余的词往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、副词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词和其他词。命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词抽象名词，物质名词泛指是否多了冠词动词介词及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词不定式小品词"to"不定式前是否多了

5、应该省略的"to"时间状语介词时间状语中是否多了介词形容词、副词比较结构形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了相似词固定搭配惯用法固定搭配是否"画蛇添足" 常见的语义重复现象，不能与括号内的词并用。because-(so)though/although-(but)   repay-(back)repeat-(the same, again) return-(back)    combine-(together)     unite-(together) 

6、    hate-(very much)master-(well)   advance-(forward)     improve-(better)     sink-(down)renew-(again)  about/around-(or so)     walk-(on foot)       alone-(by oneself)still-(rema

7、in)   meet-(together)      no-(not any/not a )   think over-(carefully)(very)-perfect   (very)-excellent     (very)-tiny          (very)-hugecan-(be able to) be about to do-(at onc

8、e/immediately)  both-(equal, equally, together)   enter-(into)     take good care of-(carefully)应用文押中指数【押题依据】英语应用文是实用性较强的书面交际方式，是短文改错中最常用的体裁，2004年全国卷（I、IV）均为应用文体裁，其中2004年的全国卷和自主命题各省市卷（书面表达）是信件写作，2005年短文改错中书信、通知、日记将是主流。 押题一Dear Ron,I was exciting to hear that y

9、ou are coming                        1._to our school soon. Now let me to introduce our school                

10、  2._  to you. Our school is a famous school with long                        3. _history. We have many experience teachers and        

11、                 4._        excellent equipment. There are two teach buildings.               5. _There are too one

12、 lab building and one dorm                           6. _building. Except Chinese, maths, English, physics and           

13、;         7._chemistry, we still have some subjects. The students                      8. _can choose whichever they would like attend. We love 

14、                  9. _our school. I am looking forward to meet you soon.                      10. _Yours,

15、Li Hua 命题思路考点解题关键1分词作表语的用法特点现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词作表语表示主语的特征；而过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。2不定式作宾补的用法使役动词作宾补不带tomake（let ,have）somebody do表示"让某人做某事"3考查冠词冠词形容词名词with a long history 表示"有很长的历史"4考查形容词形容词用作定语与名词作定语的区别experienced表示"有经验的"；experience "经验"名词5考查动名词动名词作定语，表示功能或用途teac

16、hing building=building for teaching "教学楼"6考查副词too，also在句中的位置too与also都表示"也"，都用于肯定句。too通常用于句尾，置于句中时，前后用逗号隔开；also一般用在be动词之后或行为动词之前。7考查介词besides,except二者所表示的范围besides包括在内，另外还有；except 从整体中除去8考查still       设陷阱    正确9考查固定句式would like to dowou

17、ld like to do something表示"愿意干某事"10考查固定搭配look forward tolook forward to+名词/ 代词/ 动名词，表示"盼望"之意答案：1.excitingexcited； 2.去掉第二个to； 3.在long 前加a； 4.experienceexperienced；5.teachteaching； 6.tooalso； 7.exceptbesides； 8. ;9.在attend 前加to；10.meetmeeting。 押题二Ladies and gentleman, may I hav

18、e your attention, please?   1. _All flights this morning have put off, because our air is      2. _covered with thick fog. As there is no windy, the weatherman   3. _is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We cannot do   4. _anything but waiting. Please keep

19、in order and take good care 5. _of your baggage. Passengers, please dont leave for the waiting 6. _room. As soon as the weather turns favorable, and we shall announce 7. _flights. For passengers stayed at the airport, lunch is free. It will      8. _be served in the dining hall i

20、n the second floor from eleven oclock   9. _to one oclock. By the way, there is no planes to arrive within an hour.     10. _Thank you. 命题思路考点解题关键1考查名词名词的复数形式Ladies and gentlemen是通知的常见开头语2考查时态、语态根据语境判断时态、语态由下句because可以推断应当用have been put off3考查名词there be 后跟名词作主语windy 为形容词，名词形

21、式为wind4正确  5考查句子结构搭配dont do anything but do/ do nothing but dobut 后面的动词形式：若but前出现do （did ，done），其后用动词原形，否则，用to do形式6考查动词短语leave some palce和leave for .的区别  根据语境，不要离开候机大厅，leave some place表示"离开某地"；leave for.表示"离开到某地"7考查复合句解决连词重复问题as soon as 引导时间状语从句，and 在此重复8考查分词现在分词作

22、定语强调主动The passengers staying at the airport可以转化为The passengers who are staying at the airport9考查介词短语搭配on the second floor floor 是最关键的主体名词10考查句子结构搭配there be 应当与后面的名词形式一致    there is+单数名词；there are+复数名词        答案: 1.gentlemangentlemen；2.在have和put之间加bee

23、n ；3.windywind   ；4.；  5.waitingwait ；6.去掉 for；      7.去掉 and     ；8.stayedstaying            ；9.inon     ；  10.isare 或 planesplane。记叙文押中指数【押题依据】记叙文是中学生短文改错的重要文

24、体，可考查时态、语态变化，上下文一致等，其中2002、2003、2004年全国卷均为记叙文。2005年高考这种体裁的出现率极高。在复习备考过程中，要高度重视！ 押题一A special way of thanksOne day some people on the shore listened shouts1._for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier jumped 2._into the water and ran to the man. He was a good3._   swimmer and soon pul

25、led the man back the shore. Now   4._everyone saw that what the man was a very rich man. 5._He went to the soldier, taking out a shilling(先令) 6._  and gave it to him. And the soldier refused to take 7._  it and went far away. The people there were very  8._   

26、  angry with the young man. And an old woman said  9._  laughing, "Im sure that the rich man knows how much  10._his life is worth!" Everyone there agreed with the woman and laughed too.  命题思路考点解题关键1考查动词listen to和hear 的区别listen to强调动作；hear强调结果。"一天岸上的一些人听见呼救声&q

27、uot;，表示结果2考查副词up和down的用法区别及根据文章语境灵活运用词语的能力down表示由高向低，由北向南, 文章意思是"由岸上向海滩跑去"，表示由高处向低处3考查语言运用能力根据语境判断常识能力由上句跳入水中可推断是向落水者游去，而不是跑4考查动词短语的搭配pull.back to   向岸边拉为"pull.back to"，类似结构go back to5考查复合句的连词解决连词重复问题此句为宾语从句,用that引导,无词义，what多余6考查语法一致并列谓语时态一致问题由and可知took应与went，gave时态一致7考

28、查连词根据语境判断逻辑关系根据文意"富人想回报救命恩人，但是遭到拒绝"，是转折关系，应用But8考查动词短语go away 固定搭配go away表示"离去"，far 在此短语中起干扰作用9考查通篇理解能力理解全文内容，综合判断用词错误孤立地看这一句是没有错误的，但是通读全文可知应是"富人"而不是"年轻人"10综合分析判断能力there ,too 是干扰点通读全文，综合分析可知此行正确答案：1.listenedheard2.updown3.ranswam4.back后加to5.去掉what6.takingtook7

29、.AndBut8.去掉far9. youngrich10. 押题二An unforgettable experienceWhen I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing  in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1._     at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test.  2._I went throu

30、gh the test for many times but I could only answer 3._    three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail  4._ the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it        5._     and started looking for th

31、e answer. The teacher wasnt           6._    looking at me ,but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand      7._   on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont    

32、60; 8._know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for        9._cheating but instead gave me a second chance.               10._ 命题思路考点解题关键1考查动词短语hand in 和hand out 的区别hand in 交纳，上

33、交；hand out 分发，此处是"分发试卷"2考查冠词可数名词前一般要用不定冠词test为可数名词，又是第一次提到，前面要加an3考查介词many times 作状语many times 作状语时，其前一般没有介词for4考查短语搭配out of 固定短语three out of the twenty questions 20个问题中的三个5考查语法一致并列谓语时态一致由and可知open应与put, started时态一致6考查名词在语境中的应用根据文意判断名词单复数一次考试中会出现多道题目，因而会有多个答案，用复数7考查连词根据上下文判断逻辑关系"老师没看我

34、，因此我才抄"是因果关系8考查时态整篇文章叙述时所用的时态联系整段文章都用的是一般过去时9考查动词用法及物动词后要跟宾语punish是一及物动词，后面需要有宾语10考查综合判断能力故意设陷阱此行正确 答案：1.inout2.be后加an3.去掉for4.fromof5.openingopened6.answeranswers7.butso8.dontdidnt9.punish后加me10 押题三   I went to the Summer Palace last  week. At the gate I happened to me

35、et some American tourists. I greeted to 1._them in English and then we began to chat. I got know 2._that they were college students travel in China.Most of 3._them were fond of Chinese medicine. They are busy taking 4._pictures and were much impressed with the changes that   5._had been ta

36、ken place in the past few years as well. After 6._that, we went boating on a lake and having a good time.  7._We exchanged our email address so that we could write to  8._each other in future. They thanked us again and again. I  9._was very glad to have a chance to practicing my oral

37、English. 10._ 命题思路考点解题关键1考查动词greet的用法greet及物动词，greet somebody问候某人2考查动词短语get to knowget to know 渐渐了解3考查非谓语结构分词短语作后置定语college students traveling in China=college students who are traveling in China4考查时态根据语境判断时态由上下文可知，叙述过去的经历，用过去进行时5考查动词短语be muchimpressed with前后时态一致6考查特殊动词短语take place的特殊用法take pla

38、ce 没有被动语态形式7考查并列谓语结构并列谓语时态一致由and可判断出是并列谓语8考查名词的数根据语境判断名词单复数双方交换地址应用复数9考查代词根据语境判断代词是否误用根据文章意思应是"感谢我"，用me10考查动词不定式动词不定式作定语的用法有练习说英语的机会have a chance to practise my oral English 答案：1.去掉第二个to2.know前加to3. traveltraveling4.arewere5.6.去掉been7.havinghad8.addressaddresses9.usme10.practicingprac

39、tise 押题四One night,a thief broke in an old mans house. He made         1._a voice and woke up the old man and his wife.The husband     2._told his wife to keep silence. Then he said loudly,"y dear，    3._these days t

40、hieves are clever，if they took off their clothes and    4._put them on the table，the people in the room will fall sleep      5._and cant wake up."When the thief heard this, he took off        6._his clothes at once and w

41、as ready to setting out to work. At       7._this moment, the husband suddenly shouted in loud voice        8._"Stop, thief! Stop, thief!" The thief was frightening. He ran        9._away as

42、 fast as he could and leaves his clothes on the table.      10._ 命题思路考点解题关键1考查动词短语break in与break into的区别break into"破门而入"，后接宾语；break in"闯入、打断、插嘴"2考查名词的区别和用法区别sound与voicesound指各种声音； voice指说话声,嗓音，此处指弄出的声响3考查动词短语系动词+表语keep silent为固定短语"保持沉默"4考查时

43、态主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时此处为直接引语,应用一般现在时5考查动词短语fall asleep入睡区别sleep与asleep的用法6考查复合句时态是考查的重点正确7考查动词短语区别be ready to与be ready forbe ready to do something 准备做某事；be ready for+n/doing something8考查名词和冠词可数名词前用不定冠词voice为可数名词, shout in a loud voice"大声喊"9考查分词的使用现在分词与过去分词的特点和用法frightening令人害怕，修饰物；frightened

44、感到害怕，与人有关10考查动词时态根据语言环境，判断时态本文叙述一件过去发生的事，主要用一般过去时答案：1. ininto2. voicesound3. silencesilent4. tooktake5. sleepasleep6. 7.settingset8. loud前加a9. frighteningfrightened10. leavesleft说明文押中指数【押题依据】2004年全国卷体裁为说明文（因特网的优缺点）。说明文通常是反映时代发展、歌颂时代变化及社会热点问题。如：自然资源保护、环境、人口等。 押题一Man depends water for many years.

45、 He needs it for drinking.      1._He needs it for growing food. He needs it for keeping him clean    2._and free from illness. He needs it more and more water for        3._industry. People often forget what necessary water

46、is for industry.   4._Imagine, for example, a large quantity of water is using by great    5._cooling towers of a steel plant. The demand of water is growing     6._every day. It is close connected with the increasing population    

47、60; 7._and with the pressing problem of provide enough food.           8._But the world has not yet found way of storing enough           9._water to satisfy all these important needs.  

48、0;                  10._ 命题思路考点解题关键1考查动词短语depend ondepend on +名词"依赖"2考查动词短语keep+反身代词+adj.keep oneself clean保持自身清洁3考查句子结构宾语it重复more and more water作needs的宾语，it多余4考查感叹句的引导词what和how引导感叹句的用法区别文中necessary为形

49、容词，what应用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词或副词5考查动词语态根据语境判断语态"水"与"使用"是被动关系，应使用过去分词used6考查介词demand与介词for搭配of 表示所属关系7考查副词closely表示抽象意义be closely connected with 与有密切关系8考查介词的搭配of 后跟动名词,构成介词短语provide 在句子中是介词of的宾语，应该用动名词9考查名词和冠词可数名词前要加冠词way办法，是可数名词，如果是单数，前面应用冠词a或the；否则就应以复数形式ways出现10考查综合运用能力限定词的排列正确

50、0;答案：1.depends 后加on2.himhimself3.删去videproviding9.way前加a/the10. 押题二As the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send    1. _electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Years time. Comparing with  

51、0;  2. _the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you  3. _can get not only pictures but also the background music and even animated     4. _cartoons. Otherwise, its faster to send an electronic card. There are many   &#

52、160; 5. _web sites on line which different varieties of cards are available. You can      6. _choose one you like best for your friend and relatives. If none of these cards    7. _are of any interest to you, you can design cards of unique style use  

53、          8. _FLASH or other software. More importantly, because the popularity of        9. _electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, it contributes      10. _to environmenta

54、l protection. 命题思路考点解题关键1考查介词的搭配with后跟名词短语，as后跟句子with the development of 随着的发展2考查非谓语动词短语结构主动与被动是考虑的重点根据句意,要使用被动形式compared3考查多音节形容词比较级结构more用在多音节形容词前此行只起干扰作用,没有错误4考查冠词物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词background music背景音乐5考查连词根据语境判断逻辑关系besides ,moreover再者,另外6考查关系词where作状语which限定名词7考查名词的数并列名词的数要一致your friends and re

55、latives您的亲朋好友8考查分词现在分词作后置定语using作后置定语修饰style9考查连词的使用区别because和because of由于是名词短语,所以应该用because of10考查非限制性定语从句判断非限制性定语从句的依据由该句中逗号可以判断出是非限制性定语从句答案：1.AsWith2.ComparingCompared3. 4.去掉the5.OtherwiseBesides/Moreover6. whichwhere7 friendfriends8. useusing9. because后加of10.itwhich 押题三The size and shape of

56、 your ears show your character much        1._than any other part of the faceReading peoples character from their ears are an old science   2._In past，people thought that a person with big ears had a       3._well and pleasan

57、t characterThey thought a person with pale and  4._small ears was dangerousHe also thought the shape of the ear   5._showed that whether a person was musical or not              6._Ears are all differentLast time you loo

58、k at a person，see if      7._his or her ears are red and paleEars that are red mean that a      8._person may have high blood pressure (压力). Ears that are       9._always cold and pale mean that a person had a nervous ch

59、aracter10._And a big hole inside the ear means a person may be musical 命题思路考点解题关键1考查程度副词than 是考虑的重点more than 是解题的关键2考查主谓一致动名词短语作主语的用法reading peoples character动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数形式3考查冠词in the past 在过去 名词前的冠词是考虑的重点4考查形容词并列形容词作定语and连接两个并列的形容词5考查代词根据上下文,注意代词的一致上文they已经暗示6考查连词连词重复问题that与whether重复7考查语言运用区

60、别last time和next time next time表示"下一次、今后"，last time表示"上次"8考查连词区别and, or的用法由句意可判断用or9考查冠词易在high前误加a此行正确10考查动词时态分析全句主体时态以一般现在时为主 答案： 1.muchmore2.areis3.past前加the4.wellgood5.HeThey6.去掉that7.LastNext8.andor9.10.hadhas议论文押中指数 【押题依据】高考短文改错体裁也采用议论文，其内容涉及日常生活、社会热点、习俗等等。 押题一

61、 Though great progress has been made in science these years,there      1._are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives    2._by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school   3._because they hav

62、e not enough money to send their children to there.      4._Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now?           5._The answer lies on the population explosion. A president      

63、         6._of a developing country once said, "It is us who are to blame for         7._the poverty because we used to produce child without limit."           8._Althou