stage,point等名词后用where引导的定语从句

1、case, con diti on, situatio n, positi on, point, stage等名词后接where引出的定语从句小议不久前，下面这道题引发了我们对stage作先行词之后的定语从句引导词的问题以及其它类似定于从句的探讨,先看一道题：the conflicthad developedinto a stagethe two countries were gathering bigtroops on the border.（2009学年第二学期浙东北（zdb）三校期中联考高二英语试卷（2010.05）a. whereb. whe nc.whichd. that本题到底是选

2、a还是选b ?关键问题在于对先行词stage的理解，根据牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第七版）简作（oald）的解析：stage: a period of state that sb./sth. passes through while developing or making progress.既可以理解为事件（进展或进展的）阶段， 状态”；又可以理解为“时期”。而上题中作“阶段”或“时期”都理解的通。再看stage的用法；*stage 名词 n. c.夕牛台一些女孩在舞台上跳舞。some girls are dancing on the stage.2. 注意中心，活动舞台，场所3. （进展的）阶

3、段；时期 a caterpillar must pass through the coco on stage to become a butterfly.表示这些意思时，当stage作先行词后有定语从句时，。例句：1.表地点： the stage where the girls are going to dance is in the gym.2. 表时期:the stage when he is preparing for his study isreally importa nt.不同的叙述： 当先行词为 case，condition ， situation， position ， poi

4、nt，stage 等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where. 当先行词是 case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名词时，表示情况、方面、处境时，用关系副词 where.但先行词是occasion时，用关系副词when. 当 situation, condition, stage, point，scenes 做先行词时，用 where 弓丨导定语从句 先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词时其后的定语从句用 when 引导.事实上，当先行词occasion, point, s

5、tage等名词是表示时间节点的时候，其后的定语从句就用when引导，在从句中作时间状语.例如：1. i can remember very few occasi ons whe n he had to cancel because of ill health.(oald )我记得他因健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。whe n引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语.2. (2008 26) occasions are quite rare i have the time to spend a daywith my kids.b. whichd. whe na. whoc. why答案选d。考查定语从

6、句。此题关键是要根据句意判定是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩 子们一起度过一天的机会很少。occasions是先行词，所选关系词在定语从句中要作时间状 语,故选d项3. we had reached the point whe n there was no mon ey.我们那时已至 U了没有一分钱的时刻。point表示“某一阶段，关头”，所以其后用when引导定语从句。4. there comes a point in your life when you realize: who matters, who never did,who wont anymore5. china is now

7、at a stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization whenthe con tradict ion betwee n econo mic growth and en viro nmen tal protecti on is particularly prominent.中国目前正处于工业化和城市化加速发展的阶段，此时经济增长和环境保护之间的矛盾十分突出。source: hard times call for green economy/by hu shaowei (china daily 03/24/2010 page8)但

8、更多情况是：position , situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，其后的定语从句应用where引导定语从句。如：1.oxford dict ionary on li nemore examples introducinga clause with when can be found but it is hard to findan example with where after occasi on.2.it is the same with Iongman dictionaryunder these conditions, where we see so much

9、 uncertainty with leadershipsuccession,possible in stability,we see no arms con trol, we see no con fide nee buildi ng measures,we see no disarmament, we see north korea refusing to return to the six-party talks, we see the sinking of the che onan and pote ntial clashes in the west sea around thenor

10、thern limit line, so a lot of people are just say ing this is just not the righttime, pin kst on said.voa n ews.it is the same with situatio n.it moves from a situation where only those items on the permitted list can comeinto gaza to a situati on where things come into gaza as a matter of course un

11、i essthey are on the prohibited list. it allows us to facilitate the un ited n ati onsprojects for reconstructionin things like schools and hospital and water sanitationand so on. bbc news 新闻 201006213. we were put i n a positi on in which(=where) we had either to accept we were lessimporta nt, or f

12、ight the governme nt.(人教版新课标高中英语必修1 lin e25.p34)我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position 。4. can you think of a situati on where you once felt embarrassed?你能设想起你曾经有过感到很窘迫的场合吗？5. he is the boss of the restaura nt where( = in which ) we ofte n have lun ch.6. the last

13、thirty years have see n the greatest nu mber of laws stopp ing our rightsand progress un til today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights atall.(人教版新课标高中英语必修 1 lin e19-20 p34)注意：近年来高考对关系副词 where的考查趋于复杂化，从先行词为明显的 “地点”发展为“模糊的地点化”。事实上，当先行词表示某事物发展的某个situation “情景”、stage“阶段”或某种程度时都可以用wher

14、e引导定语从句。所以文章开头那道题答案为a.更多的列子如:1. ( 2009 24)it s helpful to put children in a situationthey cansee themselves differe ntly.a. thatb. whe nc.whichd. where2. (2009 14) i have reached a point in my life i amsupposed to make decisionsof my own.a. whichb. wherec. howd. why3. an iraqi reporter duri ng a n e

15、ws conferencethrew his shoes at bush andcalled him a dog in arabic shocked the world.a. whob. wherec. whomd. which1. 【解析】选d。考查定语从句。句意为：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。当先行词是 case, condition,situation,position,point, stage等名词表示“情况，方面，处境”时，关系副词用where。2. 【解析】选b。考查定语从句。句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。先行词point和定语

16、从句被介词短语in my life隔开。当先行词是 case, condition,situation, position, point, stage等名词表示“情况、方面、处境”时，定语从句用关系副词where引导。how不能用来引导定语从句；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语；why引导定语从句时先行词应为reason;因此可排除选项a、c和d。3. 【解析】选d。考查定语从句。此题关键是要根据句意判定是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。occasions是先行词，所选关系词在定语从句中要作时间状语，故选d项。类似的还有如：4. thosesuccessful de

17、afdan cersthink that dancing is an activity a. whe nb. whosec. whichd. where这道题中的activity做地点状语。选d4. 【解析】选d :本题考查对定语从句的掌握和运用能力。句意为“那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。”据句子结构判断，空白处缺一引导定语从句的关联词，由于先行词 activity 在从句中担任地点状语故应该选择关系副词where，因此正确答案为d项。所以大部分的语法解析中提到当situationstage casepoi nt这四个词在定语从句中作先行词表示抽象的地点时，其

18、后的定语从句的引导词一般用 where例如：1. the media can draw attention to situation where help is needed.2. we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights.3. today, we II discuss a number of cases where beginners of english fail to usethe Ian guageproperly.4. we are just trying to reach a point where both si

19、des will sit dow n together and talk.5. their youn gest child is at the stage where she can say in dividual words but notfull senten ces.练习：用适当的关系副词填空1. today, we II discuss a number of cases beginners of english fail to usethe Ian guage properly.a . whichb . asc . whyd . where2. those successful de

20、af dancers think that dancing is an activitysightmatters more tha n heari ng.a . whenb . whosec . whichd . where3. after graduationshe reached a point in her career she needed to decidewhat to do.a . thatb . whatc . whichd . where4. can you think out a situati onthis word can be used?a . whereb . wh

21、osec . whichd.whe n5. her ill ness has developed to the pointn obody can cure her.a . thatb . wherec . whichd . what6. were just trying to reaching a point both sides will sit down togetherand talk.a. whe nb. thatc.答案及解释:1. 答案d。解析：考查定语从句。先行词是cases，意思是：情况，状态，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词指地点，用where。2. 答案d。解析：考查的是定语从

22、句。dancing is an activity后面是一个定语从句，修饰an activity，在定语从句中缺少状语，所以用 where或in which 。3. 答案d。解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case,situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导。4. 答案a。解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case,situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导你能设想出这个单词被使用的场合吗？5. 答案b。解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case,situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导.她的病发展到没人能治的地步。6. 答案c。解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case,situation等时，通常用关系副词