建筑给排水设计施工相关问题分析

1、 建筑给排水设计施工相关问题分析Building water supply and drainage design and construction related problem analysis摘要：本文主要围绕着建筑给排水设计施工相关问题，简单分析了建筑给排水设计思路，介绍了给排水施工设计时应注意的问题，最后就给排水设计中的节水问题进行了探讨。Pick to: this article mainly revolves around the building water supply and drainage design and construction related issues,

2、a simple analysis of the building water supply and drainage design, presents the design of water supply and drainage construction should pay attention to the problem, finally the water problems in water supply and drainage design are discussed in this paper. 关键词：建筑给排水；设计施工；污水处理Keywords: building wat

3、er supply and drainage; Design and construction; Sewage treatment 引言：随着现代科学技术的不断发展与人们生活水平的日益提高，人们对于现代住宅有着越来越多的要求，例如，需要更多的灵活性与适应性等。给排水的设计则是实现现代住宅灵活性与适应性功能的主要组成部分。Preface: with the continuous development of modern science and technology and the increasing of people's living standard, people have m

4、ore and more requirements for modern residence, for example, the need for more flexibility and adaptability, etc. Water supply and drainage design is to realize the modern housing flexibility and adaptive functions of main components. 一、建筑给排水设计思路A, building water supply and drainage design 1.1给水系统1.

5、1 water supply system 系统设计要为每幢住宅设一个独立的给水系统，采用蓄水池水泵水箱减压阀用水点的供给方式。它既能满足市政基础设施滞后于住宅建筑快速发展带来的弊端，避免对市政给水管网造成冲击；又能解决高层民用建筑设计防火规范中对消防前期贮水量的要求。System design for each house to set up an independent water supply system, adopting reservoir, water pump, water tank, pressure reducing valve, water supply mode. It

6、 can meet the municipal infrastructure lags behind that of residential construction rapid development will bring disadvantages, to avoid the impact of municipal water supply pipe network; And can solve the code for fire protection design of tall buildings on fire early in the reservoir capacity requ

7、irements. 1.2 消火栓给水系统1.2 fire hydrant water supply system 建筑灭火设计已成为建筑给排水设计的重要组成部分。在消火栓给水系统中更注重扑救初期火灾，系统中才采用稳压泵保持系统的稳高压。在分区中可采用减压阀、多出口水泵、稳压阀，以保证消火栓的水压和出水量。为保证灭火设备能及时投入运行，设置工作泵和备用泵的自动切换装置。Building fire design has become an important part of building water supply and drainage design. In the early fire

8、hydrant water supply system pay more attention to fighting, in the system only USES the voltage regulator to keep system stable high pressure pump. Pressure reducing valve can be used in the partition, many export pump, regulator valve, to ensure the water pressure of fire hydrant and water yield. I

9、n order to ensure the fire extinguishing equipment can be put into operation in time, set the working pump and standby pump automatic switching device. 二、给排水施工设计时应注意的问题Second, water supply and drainage construction design should pay attention to the problem 为了保证建筑给排水施工设计的质量及更有利于污水的排放和处理，在给排水设计施工时应注意

10、以下几个方面的问题。In order to guarantee the quality of building water supply and drainage construction design and more conducive to sewage discharge and treatment, when the water supply and drainage design and construction should pay attention to the following several aspects. 2.1卫生间管道的布置问题2.1 toilet pipe l

11、ayout problem 做好了卫生间管道布置的好处在于检修和疏通时，可避免影响下层住户。但实际情况是当本层管道堵塞漏水时，积水往往造成下层住户附近墙体被渗漏，反而扩大了影响范围，而且在本层检修要打凿卫生间地面，发生噪音，地面修补还要多工种协作，比较麻烦。还不如到下层卫生间顶棚维修更省事。而且现在社会上管道疏通也方便，笔者认为无需大动干戈。Ready to piping arrangement is that the benefits of repair and dredge the toilet, can avoid affect the lower. Layer but the real

12、ity is that when the blockage is leaking, water tends to cause the lower resident near the wall is leakage, it expanded the scope, and in this layer maintenance to chisel ground toilet, noise, ground more repair work collaboration, more troublesome. Might as well to lower toilet ceiling maintenance

13、more convenient. And now society pipeline dredge is convenient, the author thinks that without fuss. 2.2排水管道同层敷设2.2 drain pipe installation tree 住宅设计规范规定：住宅的污水排水横管宜设于本层套内，当必须敷设于下一层的套内空间时，其清扫口应设于本层套内。建筑给水排水设计规范规定：住宅卫生间的卫生器具排水管不宜穿越楼板进入他户。这两个规范均建议排水横管尽量设于本层，即同层排水。同层排水，便于检修和疏通，可避免影响下层住户，而且只有排水立管穿越楼板，减少楼

14、板孔洞，杜绝卫生间渗漏。"Residential design code" regulation: residential sewage drainage horizontal tube should be set within the layer set, when must be laying in the next layer of the internal space, the clean the mouth should be incorporated in the layer set inside. Specification for design of bui

15、lding water supply and drainage provision: residential sanitary ware of toilet drains should not cross the floor into his home. These two specifications are suggested cross drainage tube in this layer, as far as possible namely drainage. Drainage to facilitate maintenance and dredge, can avoid affec

16、t the lower household, and only water drainage riser across the floor, reduce the floor hole, prevent leakage of toilet. 2.3雨水排水系统与生活生产排水系统应严格分开2.3 rain water drainage system and production drainage system should be strictly separated 建筑给水排水设计规范说明中强调了雨水系统与生活生产排水系统设计计算方法的不同。雨污、雨废合流将会影响生活、生产系统的正常运行。近几

17、年随着经济的发展，群众生活水平的提高，住房面积在增大，层数在增多，经常出现低层住户排水口冒气和溢水的情况，尤其是在排水管堵塞或半堵塞的情况下，使得房内的高档装修和贮放的物品浸水，造成经济损失。Specifications for design of building water supply and drainage statement highlights the rain water system and drainage system design and calculation method of different life production. Dirt, rain, rain

18、waste confluence will influence the life and the normal operation of the production system. In recent years, with the development of economy, people living standard rise, the housing area is rising, the layer number on the rise, often appear lower household drain steaming and spilled water situation

19、, especially under the condition of the drain plug or half block, make the room of the high-grade decoration and storage items of flooding, causing economic losses. 2.4合理选择排水管材2.4 choose the drainage pipes 随着塑料管材的日益推广，排水塑料管已在建筑高度100m以下的建筑物内广泛使用，但建筑高度大于、等于100m的高层建筑和不适宜采用排水塑料管的场合，可采用柔性抗震排水铸铁管。With the

20、 increasingly popularization of plastic pipes, drainage pipes have been widely used in building height of 100 m below the building, but the building height is greater than, equal to 100 m in the high-rise building drainage pipes and inappropriate use of occasions, can adopt flexible aseismic cast ir

21、on drainage pipe. 排水塑料管的优点：管道内壁光滑，阻力系数小，不易积垢，排水通畅，化学稳定性好，耐腐蚀性好，导热系数小，重量轻，安装维修方便，外表美观，易于粘接。但是，排水塑料管也有缺点：力学性能差，抗冲击性差，刚性差，平直性差，阻燃性差，热膨胀性系数大，管壁薄，隔音性能差。Drainage pipes: the advantages of the pipeline inner wall is smooth, the resistance coefficient is small, not easy to fouling, drainage unobstructed, goo

22、d chemical stability, good corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity is small, light weight, easy installation and maintenance, beautiful appearance, easy to glue. However, drainage tubes also have disadvantages: mechanical properties, impact resistance is poor, poor rigidity, poor laymen, flame re

23、tardancy, thermal expansion coefficient is large, thin wall, insulation performance is poor. 塑料管材虽然应用广泛，但是还有许多问题值得探讨，要求设计施工人员慎重行事，不仅要考虑优点，同事还要考虑刚性、绝热性、膨胀性，对多震地区还要考虑抗震性因素。塑料管因隔音性能差可选择内壁带螺旋塑料管、芯层发泡管或隔音空壁管等隔音塑料排水管材，可在一定程度上降低噪音。塑料管因热膨胀系数高，特别作为热水管可采用柔性接口，设置伸缩补偿装置。Plastic tubing although widely used, but

24、there are many problems worth exploring, request design and construction personnel to act prudently, should not only consider the advantages, colleagues consider rigidity, insulation, dilatability, consider earthquake-resistance factors to seismogenetic area. Selection of general sound-insulated per

25、formance plastic pipe inner surface with spiral plastic pipe, core layer foam pipe insulation or empty wall sound insulation plastic drainage pipes, can to a certain extent, reduce the noise. Plastic pipes due to thermal expansion coefficient is high, particularly as hot water pipe can be used in fl

26、exible interface, setting expansion compensation device. 三、关于给排水节水技术3, about the water supply and drainage water saving technology 3.1防止二次污染造成的水量浪费3.1 to prevent the secondary pollution caused by waste water 二次污染事故的发生，使得建筑给水系统不能正常工作，造成用户用水困难。同时，受到污染的水将会被排放；对供水系统的清洗处理，也需耗费大量的自来水，这些都造成了水的严重浪费。因而防止建筑给水

27、系统二次污染，对节约用水有着十分重要的意义。Secondary pollution accidents, making the building water supply system can not work normally, causing the user water difficult. At the same time, the pollution of water will be discharged; Cleaning process for the water supply system, also need to spend a lot of water, which ca

28、used a serious waste of water. So to prevent secondary pollution, building water supply system for saving water has the very vital significance. 3.2大力发展建筑中水设施3.2 to develop the building water facilities “中水道”。顾名思义输送的既不是上水道清洁的自来水，也不是下水道污秽的脏水。把一个地区居民洗脸、洗澡等洗涤水和冲洗用水集中起来，经过去污、出油、过滤、消毒、灭菌处理，输入中水管网，以供从厕所、洗

29、汽车、浇草坪、洒马路等非饮用水之用。用一立方米中水，等于少用一立方米清洁水，少排出近一立方米污水，一举两得，达到节水近50%。所以，中水道已在世界许多缺水城市广泛采用。"ZhongShuiDao". As the name implies conveying is neither ShangShuiDao clean tap water, nor the sewer filthy dirty water. Put a district residents face and take a shower and washing water and rinsing water t

30、ogether, after decontamination, oil, filtration, disinfection and sterilization processing, input water pipe network, for the toilets, washing cars, watering the lawn, and sprinkle the road is not drinking water. Using a cubic meters of water, equal to a cubic meters of clean water, use less less ne

31、arly one cubic meter of sewage discharge, kill two birds with one stone, the water saving nearly 50%. So, ZhongShuiDao has been widely used in many cities around the world. 四、结束语Four, the conclusion 总之，建筑给排水的设计施工的应突出以人为本的原则，并将重点调整到民用建筑与工业建筑并重，公共建筑与居住建筑并重。在施工中统一管理，科学配置，这样不仅能取得显著的经济效益，而且能在一定程度上缓解城市用水供需矛盾，取得较好的社会效益和环境效益。In sho