U6U1Grammar虚拟语气

1、虚拟语气虚拟语气 在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们主要学习等。本节课我们主要学习if条件从句和条件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在或将来情况后的宾语从句中表示现在或将来情况的虚拟语气的用法。的虚拟语气的用法。A: Why dont our grandchildren visit us more often?B: They don

2、t have enough time. If they had more time, theyd visit us more often.A: Can Jonathan dance?B: No, he cant, but he wishes he could. If he could dance, hed go dancing every night.一、虚拟语气用于一、虚拟语气用于条件状语条件状语从句中从句中(1) 表示与表示与现在事实相反现在事实相反的假设的假设, 条件条件 状语从句状语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用“过去式过去式(be 动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were)”, 而而主

3、句主句中中的谓语动词的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形动词原形”。 虚拟语气虚拟语气e.g. If I were a boy, I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.If I had a lot of money, I would go shopping.a. If they _

4、(be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenChoose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.1. You had a dream that you were a teacher. What would you do if you were a teacher?2. Suppose you won

5、 a lot of money. What would you do with the money? If I _ a teacher, I would were(2) 与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用had 过去分词过去分词, 构成构成 If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的过去分词的形式；形式；主句的谓语主句的谓语用用should(第一人称第一人称)/would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) / could / might have 动词过去分词。动词过去分词。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car acc

6、ident yesterday.had driven would not have had a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caught(3) 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句的谓语用从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或动词过去式或 were to do

7、或或should do 形式形式, 主句谓语用主句谓语用should(第一人称第一人称) /would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。动词原形。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _

8、(make) use of nuclear power.b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在 过去时过去时(were)would/could/should/mig

9、ht +v. (原原)总结：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用总结：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用 法。法。条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓从句的谓语形式语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去 过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might + have + p.p.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来未来1. 过去时过去时2. should + v.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might + v. (原原)1. 错综条件句错综条件句If I you to the hospital at o

10、nce,you in danger now.当时当时如果我不及时把你送到医院，如果我不及时把你送到医院，现在现在你还处在危险之中呢。你还处在危险之中呢。had not takenwould still be 如果没有空气如果没有空气,动物就不能存活。动物就不能存活。 如果没有你的帮助，我就不会取得成功。如果没有你的帮助，我就不会取得成功。If there were no air, animals could not live.If I had not had your help, I would not have succeeded.Without airWithout/ but for yo

11、ur help2. 含蓄的虚拟条件句含蓄的虚拟条件句Without your help, I _.2. 要不是要不是下暴雨，我会到的更早一些。下暴雨，我会到的更早一些。 3. -Where have you been? -I got caught in traffic; otherwise I _ (be) here sooner. would have been without, but for, otherwise 1.（如果）没有你的帮助，我是不会成功的。（如果）没有你的帮助，我是不会成功的。If I _ (have) your help, I _hadnt had wouldnt ha

12、ve succeededwouldnt have succeeded But for the storm, we _earlier. should have arrived If there _ (be) no storm, we _ earlier. had been should have arrived3.if 条件句中的省略倒装 If I were you, I would refuse the money. If the doctor had come last night, the child would have been saved. If it should rain, th

13、e crops would be better.Were I you, I would refuse the money.Had the doctor come last night, the child would have been saved.Should it rain, the crops would be better.（1）If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. （2）_for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is

14、not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt liveWere I to meet him tomorrow,(3) I have time this weekend, I would go to visit my grandparents. A. Should B. Might C. Would D. Could二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中后的宾

15、语从句中, 表示与表示与现在或过去的事实相反现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的或对将来的主观愿望主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词that。1) 表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用从句动词用过去式或过去进行式过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用动词一般用were) 。I wish I were as tall as you.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟: 从句动从句动词常用词常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The party was terrible,

16、 I wish I had never gone to it.(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形从句动词形式为式为 “ would动词原形动词原形”。注意注意: 主句的主句的主语主语与从句的与从句的主语不能相主语不能相同同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿愿(非动物名词除外非动物名词除外)。e.g. 但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。 I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. 表示要求，命令，建议

17、的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 常见动词：常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。即即: insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词动词原形，或者将原形，或者将should省略。省略。e.g. 我们建议汤姆去休息一下。我们建议汤姆去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。他坚决

18、要求我到场。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.e.g. 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的

19、名词构成的名词性从句包括句包括主语从句主语从句，表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。样。即：即：(should)v.order, advice, suggestion, proposal,demand, request, desiree.g. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the

20、 chemical factory should be closed down. insist / suggest 不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法e.g. She insisted that she was right. 她她坚持认为坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）自己是对的。（坚持事实） His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. 他的叔叔他的叔叔坚持要求坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。他不要待在旅馆里。e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. I sugges

21、ted that the teachers wages (should) be increased.3. Its (about/high) time + (that)should +v.过去时过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。我们该去睡觉了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. as if/as though由由as if (as though)或或even though (even though

22、) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时式时, 从句谓语形式为动词从句谓语形式为动词的过去式的过去式 (be用用were) 或或 “had过去分词过去分词”。He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)他那样对待我他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意注意: 如果表示的事情

23、可能会发生如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。述语气。Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.4. would rather (that)现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气

24、辩析辩析1关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析2 2关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析3 3关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析4 4关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析5 5根据语境或括号内的提示，根据语境或括号内的提示，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。用虚拟语气完成下列对话。1. A: Why doesnt Sally get good grades? B: She doesnt study enough. If _ _ _2. A: Why dont I feel energetic? B: You dont sleep enough. If _ _ she studied enough, shed get good grades. you slept enough, youd