ThemeBUnit4Grammar课件

1、 GrammarUnit 4 Historical FiguresRevision make money go bad be quick to build up lie in combine with search for take an interest in be generous to would rather care about at birth1) 挣钱挣钱2) 变坏变坏3) 敏于敏于4) 建立建立5) 存在于存在于6) 结合结合7) 寻找寻找8) 对对有兴趣有兴趣9) 慷慨慷慨10) 宁愿宁愿11) 关心关心12) 出生时出生时Structures with Participle

2、sA: Whats up, Brian? Just now I saw Dick run out of the classroom, a bag carried in his arms. B. Oh! With all his homework done, he hastened to the playground to play basketball together with his friends. There must be a basketball in the bag. A: Dick is so crazy about playing basketball. B: Yes. Ti

3、me permitting, he plays basketball nearly every day.Read the following dialogue and try to understand the structures of the coloured parts.独立主格结构独立主格结构名词名词+过去分词过去分词With +名词名词+过去分词过去分词名词名词+现在分词现在分词 Read the following examples carefully, paying special attention to the coloured parts. 1) Her eyes fill

4、ed with tears, she didnt notice his coming._ _结构结构1： 名词（短语）名词（短语）+过去分词过去分词被动关系被动关系; 眼睛：被眼睛：被眼泪充满眼泪充满!= As her eyes were filled with tears, ()句子句子()非句子非句子 该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。看懂。 The book _, English beginners were able to read it. = As _，English beginners were able to read it. 由于工人

5、们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。得更起劲了。 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions _. = As _, the workers worked still harder. written in simple Englishthe book was written in simple Englishgreatly improvedtheir living conditions were greatly improved2)So many people being absen

6、t, the meeting had to be put off._结构结构2： 名词（短语）名词（短语）+ 现在分词现在分词主动关系主动关系; 人们：缺席人们：缺席)句子句子非句子非句子_()= Because so many people were absent, 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。奇怪的洞。 _, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 相当于一个原因状语从句相当于一个原因状语从句: Because the boy led the way, 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张

7、。许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。 _, he felt a bit nervous. 相当于一个原因状语从句相当于一个原因状语从句: As many eyes were watching him，The boy leading the wayMany eyes watching him3) He lay in bed with the bedroom door shut. A little boy with a tooth missing ran into the house. With him taken care of, we felt quite relieved._with + n

8、. + p.pwith + n. + doingwith + n. + p.p结构结构3： “with 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语” 宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。名词等充当。 Holms and Watson sat _ _. 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。 He used to sleep _. 他过去常开着门睡觉。他过去常开着门睡觉。_, they started towards the village.

9、由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。 _, he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。工作做完后，他回了家。 _, we will finish the task in time. 由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。 with the light on for half an hour（介词短语）（介词短语）with the door open（形容词）（形容词）With a boy leading the way（现在分词）（现在分词）With the work done（过去分词）（过去分词）With y

10、ou to help us（不定式）（不定式）从以上例句可以看出：从以上例句可以看出： 在在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。逻辑上的主谓关系。 当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；在分词； 当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；去分词； 当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；式； 当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。分词或副词。 4) There having been

11、no rains, the crops withered. It being difficult for me to fulfill the task, I decided to give up.结构结构4： 独立主格结构中的独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名名词词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。况下。 _主语主语+ beingThere+ being _, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。由于没有公共汽车，我们只好

12、走回家。 _, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。There being no busIt being Sunday总结：总结：（一）独立主格结构的构成：（一）独立主格结构的构成：名词名词(代词代词) + 现在分词；现在分词；名词名词(代词代词) + 过去分词；过去分词；名词名词(代词代词) + 不定式；不定式；名词名词(代词代词) + 形容词；形容词；名词名词(代词代词) + 副词；副词；名词名词(代词代词) + 介词短语构成。介词短语构成。（二）（二） 独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格

13、结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。（三）（三） 独立主格结构的功能：独立主格结构的功能：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 _ for a

14、long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain解析：解析：D. There being no rain为为 there be句型句型的独立主格形式。的独立主格形式。 真题解析真题解析Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their pos

15、itions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking解析：解析：B。everything taken into consideration 是独立主格结构在句中作状是独立主格结构在句中作状语。语。Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (2006 山东山东)A. being given B. is givenC. given

16、 D. was given解析：解析：C。首先排除。首先排除B、D，因为两个句子之，因为两个句子之间缺少连词，逗号不能把两个句子连起来；间缺少连词，逗号不能把两个句子连起来；应为独立主格形式，应为独立主格形式，title与与give之间为被动之间为被动关系且已完成。关系且已完成。 Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. （2011浙江卷）浙江卷） A. having B. had C. have D. to have 解析：解析： have和句子谓语和句子谓语are之间

17、没有连词，之间没有连词，故故have用非谓语的形式，遵循一个句子只有用非谓语的形式，遵循一个句子只有一个谓语的原则，且和其逻辑主语一个谓语的原则，且和其逻辑主语some构构成主谓关系，故用现在分词成主谓关系，故用现在分词A。 Complete the following sentences by using the structures with participles. She could not leave_ (her work, unfinish).2) _ (the price of gold, go up), South Africas economy turned better.3

18、) (there, be) _ nothing else to do, we went home early.4) Peter soon fell asleep, _ (the light, still, burn).with her work unfinishedThe price of gold going upThere beingthe light still burning5) The rain stopped, _ (rainbow, see, in the sky).6) He was left alone in the empty house, _ (hands, tie).7

19、) (there, have) _ not enough evidence, we could do nothing.8) (it, be) _ interesting to take photos, Tommy took photography as a hobby.rainbow seen in the skyhands tiedThere having beenIt being Read the following sentences carefully and underline the structures with participles, thentranslate them i

20、nto Chinese. His car caught in a traffic jam, he was late for work. 2) There having been no rain, the flowers withered. 3) The park with all the trees putting out tender greens is quite beautiful. _他的车被交通堵塞，他上班迟到。他的车被交通堵塞，他上班迟到。没有下雨，花儿凋零了。没有下雨，花儿凋零了。树吐新绿，花园非常漂亮。树吐新绿，花园非常漂亮。4) Without anything left i

21、n the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 5) With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life. _橱里没有剩下任何东西，她出去找东西吃。橱里没有剩下任何东西，她出去找东西吃。_伴随着下一周要考试，我没有社交的时间。伴随着下一周要考试，我没有社交的时间。6) From space the earth looks like a huge, water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking

22、 out above the water. 7) It being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days. _从太空看地球看起来像一个巨大的被水覆从太空看地球看起来像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球，伴随着几小块陆地伸出水面。盖的球，伴随着几小块陆地伸出水面。_对于大多数同学来说，按时交作业时不可对于大多数同学来说，按时交作业时不可能的，老师决定再给他们两天。能的，老师决定再给他们两天。 1. The test

23、 finished, we began our holiday. 2. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.句型转换：将下列独立主格结构转变为从句。句型转换：将下列独立主格结构转变为从句。= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Practice_3.Weather permitting,

24、we are going to visit you tomorrow.4. The last guest to arrive, our party was started.= If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow.= When the last guest arrived, our party was started._5. The meeting over, everyone tired to go home earlier.6.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

25、= The meeting is over, everyone was tired to go home earlier.= He came into the room, and his ears was red with cold._7. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.= He came out of the library, and a large book was under his arm._1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There be

26、ing C. Because there being D. There were2. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting3._, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said BCCChoose the best answ

27、ers.4. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5. _, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks

28、. A. tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down ACD7. _, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 8. _, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost