要求背诵的常用常考知识点

1、要求背诵的常用常考知识点归纳请同学们一定要背好记好,在考试中才能夺取高分一 .后跟doing的有Like doing sth 喜欢做某事Spend (in)doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事Stop - from doing sth 阻止-做某事Enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事After doing sth 做某事之后Finish doing sth 完成做某事Have fun (in) doing sth 开心做某事Mind doing sth 介意做某事Practise doing sth 练习做某事Suggest sb doing sth 建议某人做某事Keep doin

2、g sth 一直做某事Go on doing sth 继续做某事What about doing sth 做某事好吗How about doing sth 做某事好吗Instead of doing sth 代替做某事Thank you for doing sth 谢谢做某事Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事Be busy doing sth 忙于做某事Look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事Be good at doing sth 擅长于做某事Be good /bad for doing sth 做某事对-有好 / 坏 处Be afraid of do

3、ing sth 害怕做某事Be interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣Think of doing sth=consider doing sth 考虑做某事Be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事Make a contribution to doing sth 为做某事做贡献Do the washing and cooking 洗衣服/做饭Do some washing/cooking/reading/shopping/cleaning洗衣服/做饭/读书/购物/打扫-Go shopping/swimming/fishing 购物/游泳/钓鱼二. .后跟to

4、 do的有Tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事Ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事Want to do sth 想做某事Plan to do sth 计划做某事Hope to do sth 希望做某事Decide to do sth 决定做某事Try to do sth 尝试做某事Teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事Allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事Encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事Would like to do sth 想做某事Be happy/pleased/glad to do sth 乐于做某事Be

5、afraid to do sth 害怕做某事Take sb some time to do sth 花费某人一些时间做某事Its time to do sth 该做某事的时候了Its - for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样另：What /where/when/how/why to do sth 注意：如果是否定句直接在to前+not三 .后跟do的有Let sb do sth 让某人做某事Can do sth 能/会做某事=Be able to do sth 能/会做某事Should do sth 应该做某事Must do sth 必须做某事=Have to do sth

6、 必须/不得不做某事Shall do sth 将要做某事（专用于第一人称）Will/would do sth 将要做某事Why not do sth 为什么不做某事Why dont you do sth 为什么不做某事Had=d better (not)do sth 最好做某事Make sb do sth 使某人做某事May do sth 可以做某事Used to do sth 过去常常做某事Be suppose to do sth 应该做某事另外：助动词do / does / did 后面的动词要用原形四后跟to do 或doing的有stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop

7、doing sth 停止做某事Start/begin to do sth 开始做某事Start/begin doing sth 开始做某事Forget doing sth 忘记已经做的事Forget to do sth 忘记做某事Remember to do sth 记得要做某事Remember doing sth 记得已经做的事五后跟do或doing的有see /hear/watch do sth 看见/听见/观看-经常做某事see/hear/watch doing sth看见/听见/观看-正在做某事六后跟do或to do的有help(to)do sth帮助某人做某事need to do s

8、th需要做某事（做行为动词时） need do sth需要做某事（做情带动词时） 七星期Monday星期一， Tuesday星期二 ， Wednesday 星期三，Thursday星期四， Friday 星期五 ， Saturday 星期六 ， Sunday 星期日 注意：一周的第一天是sunday最后一天suturday八月份January 一月， February 二月， March 三月， April 四月，May 五月，June 六月 ，July 七月 ，August 八月，September 九月， October 十月， November十一月， December 十二月九季节sp

9、ring春天 ，summer 夏天 ，autumn 秋天，winter 冬天。十方位easteastern东 southsouthern 南 westwestern 西 northnorthern北十一天气sunsunny晴朗 cloudcloudy阴天 rainrainy 下雨windwindy刮风 snowsnowy 下雪 fogfoggy 多雾十二数词：基数词序数词onefirst一 twosecond 二 threethird三fourfourth四 fivefifth 五 sixsixth六sevenseventh七 eighteighth 八 nineninth九 tententh

10、 十 eleveneleventh十一twelvetwelfth十二 thirteen-thirteenth十三 twentytwentieth 二十 thirtyone -thirtyfirst三十一十三可数名词: 单数变为复数/动词第三人称单数的规则:1.以s ,x , sh ,ch结尾的加es. Bus , box , watch , wish , dish等+es 2.以o结尾的,有生命的加es,无生命的加s. potato , tomato , hero+ es radio , zoo , piano , photo+ s 3.以f ,fe结尾的,先把f ,fe改为v,再加es. K

11、nife , thief , leaf , life , shelf 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为i,再es. City , family , country , factory , baby , story 5.不符合以上情况的直接加s. 不规则: 1.单复数同形的: sheep, people, deer, Chinese, Japanese. 2.a改为e的: man , woman ,policeman ,Englishman ,Frenchman (但Germans, Americans) 3.把oo改为ee的: foot, tooth, goose 4.无规律的：mouse

12、mice, childchildren 5.只能用复数的：shoes , trousers/pants , glasses .十四 .名词所有格:1.单数名词与不以s结尾的复数名词加s. Marys, childrens 2.以s结尾的复数名词加. Teachers Day, ten minutes walk. 3.双人名词:单数的只在后一个加s，复数的两人都要加s Lucy and Lilys room . Lucys and Lilys rooms. 4.用of表示的：a map of - a photo/picture of 5.另Three minutes(hours)walk/rid

13、e/drive, three years time十五 .动词过去式/过去分词:规则:1. 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为i,再加edstudy , copy , fly2.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾并且重读的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed. Skip , stop , plan ,3.以e结尾的只加d. love , like4.不符合以上情况的直接加ed.不规则:见不规则动词表现在分词: 1.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾并且重读的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ing. skip, get, run, swim, stop, shop, cut, put, plan 2.以不发音的e

14、结尾的,先把e去掉再加ing.Make, write, come , dance, drive , like , love3.以ie结尾的，把ie改y为再加ing. lie , die4.不符合以上情况的直接加ing.十六 .时态1. 一般现在时:句子中常有:often 经常 , usually通常 , sometimes/at times 有时, every day/week/month/year/night- 每-注意：行为动词一般用原形，只有当主语是三单时，行为动词才加s/es.2. 一般过去时:句子中常有:yesterday 昨天 , then 那时, just now 刚才, the

15、 day before yesterday 前天, this morning 今早 last- 上个, -ago 以前 .注意：行为动词要用过去式3.一般将来时:句子中常有:tomorrow 明天 ,the day after tomorrow后天 , next- 下个-, in-多久以后 , soon 很快 /不久注意：要用be going to/will+动词原形4.现在进行时:句子中常有:look看 , listen听 , be quiet 请安静，now =at the moment现在 .注意：别忘了两样东西，行为动词前加be(is, am. are)后加ing5.现在完成时：句子中

16、常有: 5.现在完成时:句子中常有:already已经（肯） , yet 已经（否）,never 从来不,ever曾经 ,just 刚刚, before在此之前，recently近期，these days 这几天，in the past few years在过去的几年，so far 到目前为止, for-多久 ,since- 自从-以来.注意：行为动词要变为have/has+过去分词A. have/has been to 曾经去过某地（已经回来）have/has gone to 已经去了某地（正在去）B.几个常用的短暂性动词，如果后面跟一段时间： 不能这样说 要这样说Have/has boug

17、ht-have/has had （买一段时间）Have/has died-have/has been dead （死一段时间）Have/has borrowed-have/has kept （借一段时间）Have/has come- have/has been here （来一段时间）Have/has begun/started-have/has been on （开始一段时间）Have/has left-have/has been away （离开一段时间）十七 .数词1.基数词变为序数词口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th，一、二、三，特殊记，结尾字母t, d, d (one-first,

18、two-second, three-third )，八减t(eight-eighth)，九减e(nine-ninth)，f来把ve替(five-fifth, twelve-twelfth)，ty变成tie(twenty-twentieth)，若要碰到几十几，只变个位就可以(thirtyone-thirtyfirst).2.hundred ,thousand , million , billion 的用法:前面有具体数字不能加s;后面有of要加s;具体数字和of不能同时使用. two hundred , thousands of, 3. 分数表达法:先分子，后分母；分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当

19、分子大于或等于2，分母要加s.4. one second (1/2) , two thirds (2/3) , four fifths (4/5) , five twelfths (5/12)十八 .形容词和副词1. 形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词，形容词或副词。She is a _ girl , she sings very _ (beautiful).My sister is very _ , she does everything _ (careful)The children are playing _ under the tree, they are very _ (happy).Th

20、is is a _ train ,look, it is running very _ (quick) 2.形容词转换成副词：在形容词的词尾加ly，如果是辅音字母加y，先把y改为i再加ly.3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则原级比较级最高级Good/wellbetterbestMany/muchmoremostBad/badly/illworseworstlittle lessleastfarFarther/furtherFarthest/furthest规则比较级:单音节词比较级的构成规则:1.以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为i,再er2.重读闭音节并且只有一个辅音字母结尾的,先双写这个

21、辅音字母,再加er.hothotter, thinthinner. fattatter. wetwetter,3.以e结尾的只加r. nice-nicer , fine-finer4.不符合以上情况的直接加er.多音节词比较级的构成规则:在前面加more.句子特征:句中常有1. -than- 2.两者之间进行比较最高级: 形容词最高级结构的前面要用the.单音节词最高级的构成规则:1.以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为i,再est.2. 重读闭音节并且只有一个辅音字母结尾的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加est. hothottest, thinthinnest. fatfattest. wetwet

22、test,3.以e结尾的只加st. nice-nicest , fine-finest4.不符合以上情况的直接加est.多音节词最高级的构成规则:在前面加most.句子特征: 句中常有1.-of all , -of+大于或等于三的数字 , in+某一范围 2. 三者或三者以上之间进行比较特殊结构:1.越来越: 形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级 the weather is getting hotter and hotter.2.越- , 越- : the+形容词的比较级 , the+形容词的比较级 money is the more ,the worse.3.表示A,B相同：A+ as+

23、形容词/副词的原级+as +B Peter is as clever as Tom. 4.表示A不如B：A+ not+ as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as +B I am not as/so tall as GuMing十九 .人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词Imemyminemyselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfyouyouyouryoursyourself/yourselvesweusouroursourselvesititititsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves注意：

24、1.主格和宾格在句子中的意思是“谁”。一般情况下，主格放在句子开头，作主语；宾格放在动词、介词后面，作宾语。2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词在句子中的意思是“谁的”。形容词性物主代词后面有名词，名词性物主代词后面没有名词。3.反身代词在句子中的意思是“谁自己”。后常跟反身代词的有by oneself 独立 ,help oneself to随便吃、别客气,enjoy oneself玩得开心,hurt oneself自己受伤,dress oneself自己穿衣服,teach oneself自学, introduce oneself 自我介绍，look after oneself 自己照顾自己。

25、 二十 .祈使句：1.肯定句：以动词原形开头。2.否定句在开头加dont.1.Please _ (do) your homework and then watch TV. 2._ (eat) your breakfast quickly.3.Please _ (not be) late for school. 4._ (not laugh) at anyone.5._(not take) photos in the history museum. 6._ (open) the door ,please.二一 .反意疑问句:前肯后否，前否后肯。如果前面有little , few , hardly

26、 , never等词，则看是前否.1.She eats breakfast, _ _? 2.They are students, _ _?3.They wont go home, _ _? 4.I can speak little English, _ _ ? 5.He has never been there, _ _?注意：祈使句的反意疑问句是will you? Open the door please, _?Lets的反意疑问句是shall we? Lets play basketball, _ ?二二 .感叹句：1.what+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语 2.how+形容词+

27、主语+谓语例如：1 . What a beautiful girl she is! 2 . What an interesting book it is!3 . What beautiful flowers they are! 4 . How tall the trees are! 二三 .疑问词: what 什么 , who 谁 , whose 谁的, where 在哪里, when 什么时候 , why 为什么 , how 怎样, how old 几岁, how long 多久, how soon 多久以后,how often 多久一次, how many 多少（可数）, how much

28、 多少（不可数）, how far 多远, what time 多少点钟二四 .系动词be , sound , smell , taste , feel , look 后面只能跟形容词，不能跟副词。1. This kind of jacket looks _, and it sells very _. A. well B. good2. The meat smelled _.it tasted_. A. bad B. badly3. They sing the song _,it sounds _ . A. beautiful B. beautifully 二五 .几个常考的词性排列1. so

29、mething/anything + 形容词 something/anything important2. 形容词+ enough tall/old/big enough3. you ,其他人称，and I you ,she , Tom and I 二六 .关于“花费”的几个用法spend主人 spend (in) doing / on sth I spent two dollars buying the pen.pay 主人 pay for she paid three yuan for the book.Take 主it it takes sb some time to do sth It

30、 takes me 2 hours to walk to school.Cost 主物 sth cost sb The PC cost him two thousand yuan.二七 .同义词组的有(考同义句转换或词语释义)1.Be form = come from 来自-2.More than = over 超过3.Favorite = like- best 最喜欢4.Want to do = would like to do 想做某事5.Whats the matter / trouble with-= whats wrong with- 某人/某物出什么问题了？6.be good at

31、 = do well in 擅长于-/ 在-方面做得好7.sb spend - doing sth = it takes sb - to do sth sb pay - for sth = sth cost sb - 花费/付钱8.Reach = get to = arrive in(大地方) / at（小地方） 到达 注意：如果后面跟的是there , here , home .不能用in , at , to .9.Too / as well(句末肯) = also（ 句中肯）= either(句末肯) 也10.What a pity = thats a shame 真遗憾11.Whats

32、the weather like= hows the weather 问天气12.Hold on = just a moment 请稍等13.Why not do = why dont you do= what / how about doing 建议做某事14.Dont do = no doing = sb cant do 禁止做某事15.whats the time? = what time is it ? 问时间16.at the age of = when sb is -years old. 在某人几岁时17.be able to do sth = can do sth 能 /会 做某

33、事18.there is going to be = there will be 将要有19.have a good / nice / great / wonderful time= enjoy oneself 祝某人玩得开心/愉快20.once=one time一次 twice=two times 两次21.what do you think of=how do you like 你觉得-怎么样22.do you have=have you got 你有-吗23.by plane=by air 坐飞机24.walk=on food 走路25.by bike=ride a bike 骑自行车2

34、6.by bus=take a bus 乘公共汽车27.by train=take a train 坐火车28.nothing=not - anything 没有任何东西29.prefer-to=like-better than 更喜欢-30.whats the matter with=whats wrong with -怎么了31.can I help you=what can I do for you 你想买什么 32.be afraid of=be frightened of 害怕33.near= not far 附近二八 .经常考不可数名词的有Money钱 ， Water水 ， Mil

35、k 牛奶 Bread 面包 ，Homework 作业 ， Tea 茶， Rice 米饭 ， paper 纸 ， Meat 肉， information 信息， advice 建议二九 .量词词组a cup of 一杯， a glass of 一杯 ， a pair of 一双/副 a piece of 一片 a bottle of 一瓶 ， a bowl of 一碗 a box of 一盒/箱注意：如果a 大于或等于2，中间的量词要加 s/estwo cups of milk , three bottles of water , two boxes of apples. 三十 .介词in /o

36、n /at 用在时间前面的区别in + 年 /月 /季节 in 2008. in September. in summeron + 具体日期 on Monday . on a cold morning. on may 1st.at + 钟点 at 6:20 . at seven oclock三一 .介词 （如果后面跟动词，动词要 + ing）in 在里面 , on 在上面 , at 在某地 / 某时,about 关于, for 没有实意 , by 通过 /在旁边, with 和 / 有 ,without 没有, of没有实意, after在-之后 , before 在之前from 从- ， u

37、nder 在-下面, behind 在-后面, beside 在-旁边三二 .连词and 和, or 或者 / 否则, because 因为, so所以 , (al)though 虽然 , but 但是 , as soon as一-就, not-until 直到-才注意：在英语的句子里面because和so，(al)though和but,不能同使用。错：Because I am ill ,so I stay at home. Although I am young ,but I am tall.三三、以ed和ing结尾的形容词的区别:ed结尾的形容词主语是人，ing结尾的形容词主语是物exci

38、ted interested frightened surprised bored relaxed exciting interesting frightening surprising boring relaxingThe film is very _ , we are very _ about it (excite)It is an _ book, I am _ in reading it. (interest)三四.就近原则there be 有 There _(be)one pen and two books on the desk.either-or 或者 Either my pare

39、nts or my sister often_(go) swimming neither-nor两者都不 Neither you nor I _(be) good student.not only-but also 不但-而且 Not only you but also she_(have) a computer三五。被动语态:1. 一般现在时的被动语态：is/am/are+过去分词The bikes are made by them in the factory.I am often made to clean clean the house every.English is spoken

40、widely all over the world2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词A tree was cut down by him yesterday.Many tall buildings were built last year.3.含有情带动词的被动语态：must/can/should/may/will +be+过去分词This watch can be repaired in two days. It should be done at once.三六。定语从句:先行词是人，引导词用that/who The girl who often helps me wi

41、th my English is from England先行词是物，引导词用that/which The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful先行词是时间，引导词用when This was the time when he arrived.先行词是地点，引导词用where This is place where he works先行词是原因，引导词用why Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school先行词被最高级，序数次，only或all修饰时，引导词只能用that He

42、 was the first person that passed the exam三七。宾语从句:1.引导词 :陈述句作宾语从句，引导词用that；She told me that the light travels faster than the sound 一般疑问句作宾语从句，引导词用if/whether-or not；) I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B. where C. what D. when特殊疑问句作宾语从句，引导词用疑问词本身Can you tell me_ yo

43、u were born, Betty2.时态 ：主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况定时态；I hear Mr. Green (leave)for New York last week主句是一般过去时，宾语从句根据实际情况用相应的过去时态；The boys said they(enjoy) themselves very much last night如果宾语从句所说的是自然规律或客观真理，不管主句用什么时态，宾语从句只能用一般现在时。(1).The teacher told the children that the sun(be) round.(2). Everyone knew tha

44、t the light _ (travel) faster than the sound3.语序：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。判断陈述句的方法：如果紧接在引导词或引导词组后面的是be动词，情带动词，这样必须把be动词，情带动词和主语交换位置；如果紧接在引导词或引导词组后面的是助动词，这样必须去掉助动词，同时要把后面的动词还原。1.Please tell me _what last year.A.where does your sister work B .where did your sister work C.where your sister works D .where your siste

45、r worked2.Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing3.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it三八。状语从句:（一）主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时.1.The teac

46、her told us we(go) to the Forbidden City if it_(rain)Ill tell him about this as soon as he(come) back from workWell stay at home if it (not rain)tomorrow1.That suit was expensive that he couldnt buy it.A. too B. so C. very D. such2.Although you are a top student in your class， you still should work hard at your lessons. A. and B. or C. but D. /3.You must wait for her she comes backA. that B. till C. when D. as4.Because he didnt catch the early bus，he was late for classA. so B. and C. that D. /5.Its beautiful，and it