常用动词（词组）用法区别

1、初 中 英 语 语 法 知 识 汇 编常用动词（词组）用法区别许多动词或动词词组的意义相同或相近，但用法却往往不同。要弄清其意义和区别，需考虑词语自身的用法、词与词的关联和限制以及句子结构对词语使用时的限制等多方面因素进行考虑。初中英语中常用动词（短语）的区别主要应考虑以下几个方面：1. 及物和不及物的区别2. 动作和状态的区别以及瞬间和延续的区别3. 感官动词的有意识和无意识的区别4. 过程和结果的区别5. 词与词的搭配和限制6. 句子结构对词语使用时的限制词语辨析1、see; look; watch; read 几个“看”的区别：主要考虑有意识和无意识的区别以及所“看”事物的不同see：无

2、意识感官动词（非目的性动作），及物动词（其后必须带上宾语句子意义才完整），说明“看”的能力，用于一般现在时，常同情态动词连用。e.gWe can see a map of China on the back wall of our classroom.I saw Mr. Black when I was walking on the street yesterday.look：有意识感官动词（带有目的性的动作），不及物动词（不需带宾语句子意义已完整），带宾语时，需加介词at，用于表示“看着”一个相对静止的事物。e.gPlease look at the blackboard carefully

3、.He looked around but saw nothing.watch：有意识感官动词，及物动词，用于表示“观看”一个运动着的事物。e.gIm going to watch a football match tomorrow afternoon.He stayed at home and watched TV last Sunday.read：有意识感官动词，及物或不及物动词，用于表示“读”文字类的事物。e.gLook! The students are reading English in the classroom.The teacher asked the boy to read

4、 in the classroom.2、speak; say; tell; talk 几个“说”的区别：在选用几个“说”时，首先看其后是否直接带表人的词语作宾语，如是，使用tell；再看其后是否直接带语言名词作宾语，如是，用speak；然后看其是否同介词with、to、about搭配构成介词词组，如是，则用talk（注：如同介词to连用，其后带表人的词，同时带有直接引语时，有say）；非上述情况，都用say。speak：表示“说话”的能力，不及物动词，但可带语言类名词作宾语。e.gListen! The little baby can speak now.He is from Australi

5、a. He speaks English.say：表示组织语言“诉说”，及物动词，但不能带语言名词作宾语，带表人的词作宾语时，应先加介词to（此时常带有直接引语）。e.gA two-year-old baby can speak, but cant say.What would you say at the meeting?He said to me, “You have to hand in your exercise book before lunch.”tell：表示“讲述；告诉”，及物动词，要求带双宾语（表人宾语 + 表物宾语）或复合宾语（宾语 + 宾补），通常都带有表人的词语（注：同

6、joke、story、lie连用时，可不带表人的词语；另注意短语tell (s.b) something about s.th）。e.gThe teacher told the students not to swim in the river.Hi, Jim! Ill tell you the news in a second.John is very funny. He likes to tell jokes.talk：表示“谈话、交谈”，不及物动词，需同介词with、to、about连用，才能带宾语。e.gMike, could I talk with you about your st

7、udy?They are talking about the new movie.3、hear; listen; sound几个“听”的区别：主要考虑有意识和无意识的区别以及是否用作联系动词。hear：无意识感官动词，及物动词e.gI heard someone crying for help just now.listen：有意识感官动词，不及物动词，带宾语时，需加介词to。e.gThe teacher is talking while the students were listening.He listened carefully but heard nothing.I like to

8、listen to soft music.sound：联系动词，其后必须带上形容词作表语（可同介词like一起构成短语，其后带名词）。e.gThe music sounds really beautiful.This piece of music sounds like the singing of the birds.4、look for; find; find out; look up几个“寻找”的区别：主要考虑过程和结果的区别以及“寻找”不同事物的区别look for：“寻找”某一实体，强调寻找的过程，延续性动词（可用于进行时态，可带延续时间）。e.gIm looking for my

9、pen. Could you see it?He looked for his lost book everywhere for about an hour.find：“寻找”某一实体，强调寻找的结果，瞬间动词（不可用于进行时态，不可带延续时间）。e.gFinally he found his wallet in his car.Have you found your lost watch?find out：“寻找”非实体事物，强调通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相以及调查后找出原因或发现秘密、错误等，其后通常带宾语从句，可分性短语动词（名词作宾语时，可放其后，也可放其中；代词作宾语时，只能放短语

10、之中），瞬间动词。e.gI want to find out what has happened to John.“When is the train leaving?” “Ill go and find it out.”look up：说明通过资料“查询”，可分性短语，延续性动词。e.g：If you dont know the words, you can look them up in a dictionary.5、borrow; lend; keep几个“借”的区别：主要考虑“借入”与“借出”的关系、瞬间与延续的关系以及同介词的搭配和使用于不同的句式。borrow：意为“借入”（从别处

11、将物体借到主语处），瞬间动词，不用于双宾语结构，常同介词from连用（borrow s.th from s.b/s.p）。e.gHe borrowed some books from the library yesterday.I think you could borrow some money from your brother.lend：意为“借出”（主语将物体借给别人），瞬间动词，用于双宾语结构，间接宾语和直接宾语位置交换时，介词用to.e.gCould you lend me your bike?Could you lend your bike to me?You mustnt le

12、nd the library books to others.keep：意为“保留；保存”，borrow的延续性形式，使用时，句中应有延续时间。e.gYou can keep this book for a week.You have keep the book for two weeks. You should return it to the library.6、arrive; get; reach; land几个“到达”的区别：主要考虑其共同点和不同点arrive：不及物动词，可单独使用（不带表地点的词），可直接带here、there、home（不用介词），带表地点的名词时，应加上介词a

13、t或in。e.gThe train will arrive at 12:00.Mr. Smith arrived in Beijing last night.In the end the soldiers arrived at a small mountain village.get：不及物动词，不能单独使用（其后必须带表地点的词语），可直接带here、there、home（不用介词），带表地点的名词时，应加上介词to。e.gWhat time do you usually get home in the afternoon?Ill call you as soon as I get to B

14、eijing.reach：及物动词，不能单独使用（其后必须带表地点的词语），可直接带here、there、home（不用介词），直接带表地点的名词作宾语，不用介词。e.gAsk Jim to my office as soon as he reaches here.Finally the soldiers reached a small mountain village.land：只用于飞行物或船只“着陆；靠岸”。e.gWhat were you doing when the UFO landed?7、take; bring; get; carry“带来”与“带走”的区别：主要考虑动作同参照地

15、点（说话处）的关系take：“带走”- 表示将物体从说话处带到另一处；常同介词to连用；不能用于双宾语句式；可同with连用表示“随身携带”。e.gPlease take some apples to your brother.Its raining outside. You should take a raincoat with you.bring：“带来”- 表示将物体从另一处带到说话处（句中常含有表示说话处的词语：here、me、us等）；常同介词to连用；可用于双宾语句式；不能同with连用表示“随身携带”。e.gCould you please bring my math book

16、to me?He asked me to bring him some paper.get（= fetch）：“去拿来”- 表示从说话处出发去另一处将物体带回到说话处；常同介词for连用；可用于双宾语句式；不能同with连用表示“随身携带”。e.gYou should go and get some water for him.Could you please get me some tea?carry：“搬动、搬运”- 不具体说明来去的方向，有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。 e.gLet me help you carry the box.The bag is too heavy for me to

17、 carry.8、take; spend; pay; cost几个“花费”的区别：首先考虑主语为人还是非表人的词（排除其中的两个），再考虑其同介词的搭配以及“花费”的是时间还是金钱（排除两者之中的一个）。take：主语为非表人的词；说明“花费”时间；常带有不定式。基本句式：It takes (s.b) some time to do s.th.e.gIt took me half an hour to do my home work last night.I usually go to school by bike. That takes me about twenty minutes.cos

18、t：主语为非表人的词；说明“花费”金钱：可带不定式。基本句式：s.th costs (s.b) some money. It costs (s.b) some money to do s.th.e.gThe computer cost me 1000 dollars.How much does it cost to get to Beijing from Shanghai by air?spend：主语为表人的词；说明“花费”时间或金钱；常同介词on连用；不能带不定式，但可带-ing分词。基本句式：s.b spends some time/money on s.th. s.b spends s

19、ome time/money (in) doing s.th.e.gMr. Black spent twenty dollars on the book for his daughter.I spent half an hour (in) doing my homework last night.pay：主语为表人的词；说明“花费”金钱；常同介词for连用；不带非谓语动词。基本句式：s.b pays (another people) some money for s.th.e.gHe paid two thousand dollars for the new car.How much did

20、you pay for the book?9、put on; wear; dress; be in几个“穿戴”的区别：主要考虑说明动词还是状况以及带什么类型的宾语。put on：说明“穿戴”的动作，可分性短语，带服装作宾语。 e.gHe put on his coat and hurried out to work.Dont take off your coat. Its coat outside. Put it on please.wear：说明“穿戴”的状况，可用于进行时态，带服装作宾语。 e.gLook! Linda is wearing a new dress today.You mu

21、stnt wear jeans to the school party.dress：表示“给某人穿衣”，带表人的词语作宾语。 e.gMrs. Black is dressing her little daughter in the bedroom.She is old enough to dress herself.be in：说明“穿戴”的状况，带服装作宾语（常含有颜色），也可只带颜色作宾语。 e.gLinda is in a red T-shirt today.Do you know the girl who is in green over there?10、leave; forget说

22、明“遗忘了某物”：主要考虑是否应带上说明地点的词语。leave：说明将某物“遗忘”在某处，句中应包含表示地点的词语。 e.gI left my pen at home. Can I use yours?She is forgetful. She always leaves her things somewhere.forget：说明“遗忘”了某物，不考虑地点，句中不能有表示地点的词语。 e.gDont forget your book when you go to school.I forget my homework. May I bring it here tomorrow?11、have

23、 been to; have gone to; have been in说明“去某处”的区别：主要考虑在强调“不在何处”以及是否可带延续时间。have been to：表示“曾经去过某处”，但现在已不在所说的地点，可同ever、never连用，可带表示次数的词语，但不能带延续时间。 e.gHave you ever been to the Great Wall?I have been to Australia several times.have gone to：表示“去了某处”，强调现在不在说话人的地点（常有上下文的关联来说明这点），一般只用于主语为第三人称的句子，不能同ever、never

24、以及表示次数的词语连用，不同延续时间连用。 e.gMr. Smith isnt here. He has gone to the library.My father has gone to Shanghai. He will be back in five days.have been in：说明“在某处呆了多久”，句中应含延续时间。（介词可随所带词语的不同进行调整） e.gThe Greens have been in China for two months.He has been on the school football team for over two years.12、be m

25、ade of; be made from; be made in; be made by说明“被制造”后介词的选用：主要考虑由何词作宾语，同时考虑制造过程的不同。Be made of：表示“由制成”，带材料作宾语，表示制造过程为物理变化（由一种形状变为另一种形状）。 e.gThis kind of chair is made of wood.Can you tell me what the sofa is made of?be made from：表示“由制成”，带材料作宾语，表示制造过程为化学变化（由一种物资变为另一种物资）。 e.gThis kind of paper is made of

26、 wood.be made in：表示“在何处制造”，带地点作宾语。 e.gMy watch is made in China.be made by：表示“由何人制造”，带表人的词语作宾语。 e.gAll these shoes are made by the old man.be made up of：表示“由构成或组成”，带人、物皆可，指结构成分。 e.gOur class is made up of 28 boys and 34 girls.13、be used for; be used in; be used as; be used by说明“被使用”后介词的选用：主要考虑带何词作宾语

27、以及其意义。be used for：表示“被用来做某事”，其后带动名词（V-ing形式）作宾语。 e.gKnives are used for cutting thing.Today a kind of robot is used for searching living people under the falling building.be used in：表示“被用于某处”，其后带地点。 e.gThis kind of machine is used in many ways.English is used as a second language in our country.be u

28、sed as：表示“被用作什么”，其后带表物的词。 e.gThis thing can be used as a new medicine.be used by：表示“被某人使用”，其后带表人的词。 e.gChinese is used by the largest number of people in the world.14、used to; be used to是否加be以及其后带何种词，主要考虑其不同的意义。used to do s.th：表示“过去经常做某事”，之后带动词原形。（含同现在进行比较之意） e.gHe used to be quiet.（含有“现在不内向了”之意）I u

29、sed to play the piano. But now I play the violin.be used to s.th/doing s.th：表示“习惯于某事或习惯于做某事”，to为介词，之后带名词或V-ing形式，此时句子的主语应为表人的词。 e.gHe is used to the weather in Australia now.I am used to writing with that kind of pen.be used to do s.th：表示“被用来做什么”（= be used for doing s.th），to为不定式的小品词，其后带动词原形，此时句子的主语应

30、为表物的词。 e.gKnives are used to cut things.15、be good at; be good for; be good with/to主要考虑意义以及人与物的关系。be good at：“擅长于、在方面做得好”，表人的词作主语，表物的词作宾语。 e.gNancy is good at math.He is good at swimming.be good for：“对有好处”，表物的词做主语，表人的词做宾语。 e.gEating more vegetable is good for your health.Its good for us students to

31、read English for an hour every morning.be good with/to： “善待某人、与某人相处得不错”，主语和宾语都为表人的词。 e.gAs a teacher, you should be good with/to the children.We must be good with/to the old.16、hope; wish说明“希望”的区别：主要考虑其共同点和不同的。hope：说明有可能实现的愿望，其后带不定式或从句（不能带复合宾语），作名词使用时，为不可数名词。 e.gHe hopes to go to the Great Wall next

32、 Saturday.I hope you will be well soon.I think you have no hope to finish it in time.wish：常说明无法实现的愿望，其后带不定式或从句（可以带复合宾语），作名词使用时，多用复数形式。 e.gI wish to go to the moon one day.I wish you to pass the final exam.Wish you success.I wish I would go to the moon for vacation one day.Here are some flowers for y

33、ou with our best wishes.17、be full of; be filled with -说明“充满”的区别：主要考虑动词还是状况。be full of：主要说明状况。 e.gThe heavy box is full of booksbe filled with：主要说明动作。 e.gDont smoke here, or the room will be filled with smoke soon.18、die; be dead; be dying; death -几个“去世”的区别：主要考虑动作还是状况以及词性。die：动词（瞬间），不能同延续时间连用（变为be d

34、ead）。 e.gHis father died when he was five.dead：形容词，“已经去世”（没有了生命）。（常用be dead代换die，说明延续） e.gHer father has been dead for five years.dying：形容词，“濒临死亡”（还有生命）。 e.gThey are trying their best to save the dying woman.death：名词。 e.gIt makes him sad when he thinks of his fathers death.19、happen; take place -两个“

35、发生”的区别：主要考虑是偶然性还是必然性。（两者都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；都是瞬间动词，不能带延续时间）happen：用于表示偶然性、没预料到的事情的“发生”；主语通常不是表人的词（主语为表人的词语时，happen后必须带不定式，表示“碰巧做了某事”），其后带表人的词时，应先加to。 e.gA traffic accident happened last night.A traffic accident happened to John last night.He happened to have some friends in that town.take place：用于表示必然性

36、的“发生”以及指布置或策划好某事而后的“举行”。 e.gThe story took place three years ago.Martin Luther Kings murder took place in 1968.20、study; learn -两个“学习”的区别：主要考虑学习阶段的不同。（通常两者可以互换）learn：及物动词，可带不定式作宾语，不同hard连用。多用于学习的初级阶段或带有模仿性的“学习”；主要说明学习的结果（学会、学到）。 e.gWe had learned 1000 English words by the end of last year.He wants t

37、o learn to drive a car.study：及物动词或不及物动词，不能带不定式作宾语，可同hard连用。多用于较高深或周密的研究性质的“学习”；侧重于说明学习的过程。 e.gHe studies at the No.7 middle school.She has studied English in England for four years.21、join; take part in; attend几个“参加”的区别：主要考虑作宾语的词语的不同。join：主要用于说明加入某一组织或加入一群人的活动，其后带组织名称或表人的词作宾语。瞬间动词，不同延续时间连用。 e.gHe jo

38、ined the Party two years ago.I want to join the English club to practice my English.Why not join us (in) playing football.take (an active) part in：用于指参加某一活动，并在活动中起了一定的积极作用。 e.gWill you take part in the school sports meeting next week?He is preparing his speech. Hell take part in an important meeting

39、.attend：用于指参加某一活动，不考虑在活动中的作用（列席）。 e.gWe will attend the meeting this afternoonExercise 1( )1. Jim is good at _ maps. A. seeing B. looking at C. watching D. reading( )2. _ carefully. What can you _ in the picture? A. Look; look at B. Look; see C. See; see D. See; look at( )3. Why not _ the football m

40、atch tonight? A. look B. read C. watch D. see( )4. John, can you _ it in Chinese? A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk( )5. What language does your brothers pen pal _? A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk( )6. Excuse me. Could you _ me the way to the airport? A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk( )7. Do you know t

41、he man who is _ with Mr. Green? A. speaking B. saying C. telling D. talking( )8. He _ carefully, but _ nothing. A. listened; listened B. heard; heard C. listened; heard D. heard; listened( )9. I _ my lost pen everywhere, but I couldnt _ it anywhere. A. looked for; find B. found; looked for C. found;

42、 find out D. looked; find( )10. Could you lend me your dictionary? I want to _ some new words. A. look for B. find C. find out D. look up( )11. I want to _ why he didnt invite me to his party yesterday. A. look for B. find C. find out D. look up( )12. I think you can _ some money from your brother.

43、A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. got( )13. “ How long may I _ this book?” “ Two weeks.” A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. get( )14. “ Could you _ me your pen, please?” “ Sure. Here you are.” A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. got( )15. “ Could you tell me when the train will _?” “ In ten minutes.” A. arrive B. get

44、 C. reach D. land( )16. My mother was cooking dinner when I _ home yesterday. A. arrived at B. arrived in C. got to D. reached( )17. You must call me up as soon as you _ Beijing. A. arrive in B. arrive C. get D. reach to( )18. He sat down at a table and asked the waiter to _ him a cup of coffee. A.

45、take B. bring C. got D. gave( )19. I really dont know what I should _ for my mother. A. take B. bring C. get D. bought( )20. Its going to rain. Youd better _ an umbrella with you. A. take B. bring C. get D. buyExercise 2( )1. How much did you _ for the dictionary? A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost( )2

46、. How long does it always _ you to do your homework every day? A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost( )3. This kind of computer _ 1500 dollars. A. takes B. spends C. pays D. costs( )4. I _ about two hours doing my homework every day. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost( )5. John _ a lot of money on stamps because of his hobby. A. took B. spent C. paid D. cost( )6. Look! The littl