高一英语外研社版期中专题一——阅读理解解题指导（一）

1、.高一英语外研社版期中专题一阅读理解解题指导一课程目的：一、学习目的1. 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。2. 考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中详细信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；做出简单判断和推理；理解文章的根本构造；理解作者的意图和态度。二、重点、难点 1. 丰富词汇量 2. 培养阅读兴趣 3. 进步阅读技巧4. 抑制心理障碍，进步学习英语的积极性三、考情分析1. 阅读理解题目在考试中占40分，但并不是说其他题目就不考察阅读才能了，随着教育改革和考试题目的改革，任何题目即单项选择也会考察阅读才能考察对语境的理解。2. 学生不重视词汇和阅读文章，偏爱语法知识和单项选择；缺乏

2、阅读兴趣；没有良好的阅读习惯和阅读技巧；阅读失分率很高。知识梳理：阅读理解解题指导【命题原那么】 1. 对语篇领悟才能的检测仍是高考的重点和根本点 高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握才能、根据所提供的语境进展语篇分析的才能以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的才能。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低才能要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。 2. 选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点 就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及记叙文、议论文和应用文等多种文体；选材风格保持连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较

3、为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，表达了“语言是文化的载体这一重要理念。 3. 适当降低读速及难度要求，进步试题的信息含量，表达新课程的理念 近几年阅读理解题的阅读量总体呈回落趋势，难度系数适当降低，注重考察考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的才能。 4. 阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味，设问方式更加深化 阅读材料根本保存了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、构造复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。 练习1：San Francisco has its cable cars. Se

4、attle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by

5、 passing cars. The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who

6、worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that days coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the bless

7、ing of the City Council市政会.The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows.After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose消防水带. It cost $1,000. I

8、t didnt take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down th

9、e worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its b

10、uilder and his devotion to the project. 本篇阅读理解体现了高考英语的命题原那么：原汁原味；题材多样化；题目设置在细节理解的根底上，夹杂推理判断题和词义猜测题等；也突显了东西方文化的差异。旨在培养中学生的文化意识和文化素养。1. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to _. A. offer squirrels a place to eat nutsB. set up a local landmarkC. help improve traffic D. protect squirrels【答案】D【命题

11、】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】由第二段中的to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars可知，修建Nutty Narrows Bridge的目的是保护松鼠平安地过马路。2. What happened over the coffee break discussion?A. The committee got the Councils blessing. B. The squirrel bridge idea was born.C. A C

12、ouncilwoman named the bridge.D. A squirrel was found dead. 【答案】B【命题】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】根据第四段中的and that days coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safetycooked up the squirrel bridge idea可知，在某一天喝咖啡休息的讨论中，Peters和其别人萌生了给松鼠建座桥的想法。3. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the rope

13、s probably mean in the text?A. Passing them a rope.B. Directing them to store food for winter.C. Teaching them a lesson.D. Showing them how to use the bridge.【答案】D【命题】词义猜测题。考察对文中特定词语的理解和判断才能。来源:Zxxk 【解析】根据前面的guiding their young，可以推断此处应该是松鼠教它们的孩子如何使用绳索，而不是给它们递绳子，也不是给它们一个教训。4. Which of the following i

14、s TRUE of the squirrel bridge?A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal. C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch. 【答案】C【命题】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】根据文章倒数第二段中的In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs

15、 were made and crosspieces were replaced.可知，绳索用了20年后，Peters进展了修缮，并交换上了新的绳索。文中没有涉及是否交换的绳索更长；第五段中提到绳索是铝制的，而且是architects设计的，只是说Peters和Hutch开场建立，因此可以排除其他选项。5. What can we learn about Amos Peters?A. He is remembered for his love of animals.B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.C. He was a member of th

16、e City Council.D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. 【答案】A【命题】推理判断题。考察对文章言外之意进展符合逻辑的推理的才能。【解析】根据最后一段中的a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.可以推断，Peters因为爱动物，倡导修建这座桥而被人们记住。文中没有提到他是否因此得到奖章，因此可以排除D。【解题技巧】技巧一

17、、先通读，后细读阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。首先要快速阅读全文，这一点非常重要。因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕一个中心思想组织的。假如我们理解了文章大体讲的是什么，有了整个篇章的构造形式，就有利于我们理顺句子或段落间的关系，准确地把握文章的主旨，同时也有利于我们在解题过程中有重点地细读部分内容。一篇文章无论长短，都要做到一口气读下来。对于生词，只要不阻碍我们理解主要内容，可暂时放下不管。假如我们读读停停，左顾右盼，往往会把文章完好的体系破坏了，有碍于对文章整体的理解。在掌握了文章的大体内容后，我们再根据需要解答的问题逐句细读，认真分析词义及句子构造，从而更准确地把握文章的详细内

18、容。练习2:An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat门垫. Since I knew it would be pretty late

19、before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator. Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drin

20、king a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the

21、 window. I listened to all this in great surprise. There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbors house!【文章大意】我的一个朋友在机场给我打 ，他到了并且让我去接他，可是我没时间，于是告诉他钥匙在哪里，家里有什么吃的；而我的朋友因为没找到钥匙而误爬进我邻居的家里，并且在那吃东西、听音乐。 1. An old friend of mine called _. A. t

22、o tell me to meet him at the airport B. to tell me about his arrival C. to ask me to leave the office D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival【答案】B【命题】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】阅读全文，寻找细节。该题的细节是：to tell me that he had arrived. 2. My friend climbed into the room because _. A. there was an apple tr

23、ee outside B. the living room window was left open C. he had difficulty opening the door D. he hadnt found the key【答案】D【命题】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】注意原文中he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the ap

24、ple tree had been left open.技巧二、略读略读skimming是利用较短的时间粗略地阅读全文的阅读策略，其主要目的是迅速抓住文章的主旨大意或作者的写作意图。这是一种高效的、有选择性的、有针对性的阅读技巧。掌握略读这一技巧的关键就在于学会在阅读过程中区别文章的重要部分和非重要部分，全局部分和枝节部分。一些次要信息要大胆略去不读，迅速找出topic sentence，即找出能概括全段大意的句子。在运用这一方法阅读文章时，要特别注意：文章的标题；文章的首句或引导性段落；文章尾部的结论性词汇；反映段落中心思想的主题句。假如我们找到了每段的主题句，再将这些主题句集中在一起，就差

25、不多可以把握全文的中心内容了。练习3：What do you think of British people and American people? You might think that there are no differences between the people in the two countries. After all they speak the same language, dont they? But if you ask a British or an American person, the differences are quite great.What d

26、o British people think Americans are like? The British think Americans are very strange. They make a lot of noise and they laugh too loudly. They are rich, and they only think about money. But the British do say that Americans are kind, friendly people. They are happy to help you if you are in troub

27、le.What do Americans think of the British? Well, they think the British are cold and very unfriendly. They are not interested in success or in making lots of money. They think Britain is the best country in the world. They look down upon other countries. But Americans say that the British are quite

28、good workers. They are brave and honest. And in time of trouble they face difficulties happily.You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans. But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.本文主题

29、句：What do you think of British people and American people? What do British people think Americans are like? What do Americans think of the British? But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.本文构造：分总。前三段分别提出三个问题；最后一段升华主题，英国人和美国人之间并不如想

30、象中那么坏。1. What do the British think Americans are like? A. They are strange but friendly. B. They are poor. C. They are rich but unfriendly. D. They are happy in trouble.【答案】A【命题】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】通过查读和找主题句，我们可知该题是就第二段设置的。该题的核心句： The British think Americans are very strange. But the British

31、 do say that Americans are kind, friendly people.2. The American and British people usually get along quite well _. A. when misunderstanding is caused between them B. once they become friends C. after they fight D. when they help each other【答案】B【命题】细节理解题。考察对文章特定细节的理解和判断才能。【解析】通过查读和找主题句，在文章最后一段找到答案：B

32、ut when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.技巧三、查读查读scanning，也称为扫描式阅读，是指用较短的时间快速扫视文章，查找详细信息或相关事实与细节的阅读技巧。查读有一定的目的性，是带着问题寻找答案的阅读方法，在考试中具有很高的实用价值。先在问题中找出二至三个关键词语，用作答案的指示牌。然后回到文章中迅速扫描，以确定答案可能存在的区域，最后将文章中与之匹配的部分标出，确定正确答案。在查读过程中，我们可以一目十行地快速

33、扫描整篇文章，也可用手指或钢笔从左至右或逐行快速挪动，同时眼睛要紧随其挪动，查看所要寻找的详细内容，对那些与想要查找的信息无关的内容可一带而过甚至不必阅读。【即学即练】Last year I went to Nepal尼泊尔for three months to work in a hospital. I think its important to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal. The hospital let me have a few days holida

34、y, so I decided to go into the jungle丛林and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me. We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our equipment. It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes. In the jungle there was a lot of wildli

35、fe, but we were trying to find big cats, especially tigers. We climbed onto the elephants backs to see better, but it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the daytime.Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet. We moved nearer and found a de

36、ad deer. This was the tigers lunch! I started to feel very frightened. We heard the tiger a second before we saw it. It jumped out suddenly, five hundred kilos plus and four meters long. It grabbed咬住Kamals leg between its teeth, but I succeeded in pulling Kamal away. One of our elephants ran at the

37、tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tiger eat its lunch. That night it was impossible to sleep.The writer of the passage must be_ . A. a Nepalese doctor B. a foreign tourist C. a Nepalese traveler D. a foreign doctor【答案】D【命题】推理判断题。考察对文章言外之意进展符合逻辑的推理的才能。【解析】该题目中

38、的关键词：doctor, tourist, traveler, Nepalese, foreign。利用查读法迅速找出关键词和关键句，由文中描红部分可知作者是医生，并且是来Nepal工作的外国医生，可推断选D。尽管文中也有：travel，trip，但这是医院让作者休息几天的时候他进展的旅行。技巧四、默读专家认为，做阅读理解不应该是读，而应该是看。默读有利于开展阅读者的内部语言，有利于强化理解，有利于进步阅读速度。测试说明，我们朗读时，一分钟能念125个字就已很不错了，而默读时，每分钟可读150个字以上，有人阅读小说时甚至可达每分钟600字。默读时一定要做到如下三点：全神贯注。这是有效阅读最需要

39、的心理素质。积极思维。默读有利于思维活动的开展，有利于深层理解。减少回视。回视率高不仅限制了速度，也会对内容的理解产生支离破碎的影响。练习:5： As one comes to some crossroads, he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road; and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road. Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one