历年高考英语宾语英语宾语从句

1、高考英语宾语从句.宾语从句的定义学习宾语从句要抓住三要素： 连接词、语序和时态 。一、关联词在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：从属连词： that （that常可省略 ）,whether, if连接代词： who, whose, what ,which连接副词： when ,where, how, why 等。that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit,

2、deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require,propose, declare, report等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.在以下情况中 that 不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。I believe （ that ） you have

3、done your best andthatthings will get better2、当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时， that 一般不可省。3、 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine greencoat and his black silk cap.4、 当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时， that 不可省。5、 I can t tell him that his mother died.4、当 it 作形式宾语时 例句： She made

4、 it clear that she had nothing to do with himWhether this is true or not， I cant say 这是否真的我说不上来。许多带复合宾语的句子， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时That our team will win ， I believe 6、当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等动 词的宾语时 ;由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句

5、时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么 多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether ，不能用 if ：1在具有选择意义，又有or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用 whether(ifor not 也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether/ if he will come or not .(= Let me know whether or not hewill come )

6、让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether/ if he does any wash ing or not.(= I dont know whether ornot he does any washing )我不知道他洗不洗衣服。2在介词之后用 whether 。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。3在不定式前用 whether 。如：He hasnt

7、decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。如：5引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether 。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。6若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether 。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：

8、b If you like the book， please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用 if 不能用 whether 引导的宾语从句1、 if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”2、 The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.3、 if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时4、 He asked if I didn t come to school yesterday.5、 引导状语从句 even if （即使）和 as if （好象）时6、 He talks as if he has known all about it.

9、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的， 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 用于这种结 构的动词常常是： see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder,discover, understand, inform, advise等。连接代词 ： who,whom,whose,which,what, 在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问 , 但 what, whatever 除了指疑问外 , 也可以指陈述 .Do yo

10、u know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么 .Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗连接副词有 ： when,where,why,how ，在句中担任状语的成分。He didn t tell me when we should meet a

11、gain. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 .在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。 如：1. I don t know who will be our headteacher next semester.缺指人的主语用who, 如缺指物的主语则用 what。2.1 doubt wha

12、t my epal will write soon.缺指物的宾语用 what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects.用 that; 如果 that 后跟有代词,可省略 that 。4. She let me know when the meeting would be held.用 where ;缺原因状语，用 why;缺方式状语，用 how。6. The teacher asked whether / if I was getting ready for the com

13、ing test.否（有，能，已经.）”等含义，用 whether 或 if。7. I d be interested to know whether he will see the movie对比时,用连词 whether 。二、语序以从属连词(if , whether )、连接代词(what, which , who, whose)和连接副词(when,where, how, why)等引导的宾语从句用 陈述句语序。即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例 6 No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look l

14、ike B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like例 7 The boss went up to ask _.A. what the matter wasB. what s the matter C. what was the matterD. what thematter is句子不缺成分,缺时间状语，用 when;缺地点状语,5.I don t know which / what topic I shouldchoose. 缺定语,用 what 或 which 。表示“是Da

15、wn” or not. 强调是否三、时态宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应1.如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；2.如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；Eg. I thought he had gone to town today.3.当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如：Eg. Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.例 8 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the t

16、ickets.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have beenbooked例 9 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A. leaves B. would leaveC. had left D. had been away例 10 Do you work in the lab every afternoon No, but sometimes I wish IA. have time B. had time to do C. h

17、ave time to D. had time to四、宾语从句的减缩式宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词 +不定式”的形式。例 11 I ve worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects例 12 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _ .A. it what to do with B. what to do it w

18、ith C. what to do with it D. to do what with it例 13 The mother didn t know_ to blame for the broken glass es as it happened whileshe was out.A. whoB. when C. how D. what五、宾语从句的特殊式1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest.( whoever= anyone who /any person who

19、)These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.anything that ）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever 在此处是泛指，不可被what 替代。而“ I can t remember at the moment who has said the words. ”中的 who 表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever 。2. it 作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。（

20、1）动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause 。 thatclause 中 谓语动词前可加should ，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （ should ） attend the conference.（2）动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause 。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 动词 + it + 介词 + t

21、hatclause 。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把.归功于某人）,leave it to sb. + thatclause（把 留给某人去做）,take it for gran ted +thatclause（想当然），keep it in mind+ thatclause （记住 ）。如：I just took it for granted thathed always be around.（ 4） 动词 + it + clause 。如： I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 英语中少数介

22、词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如： I go to see a film except when it rains.3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。当陈述部分带有 that 引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语 和谓语保持对应关系。如：Brian told you that the re wasn t anyone in the room at that time, didnt he ？当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect/ feel等时，

23、疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的whatever=主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：I don t suppose anyone will volunteer, will theyI don t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的 , 是不是主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等, 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致 ., 从句的否定词

24、一般要转移到主句上来(2) This depends onthe weather is fineI don t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是Jim 所杀的，是不是I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, wont she/heWe suppose you have fini shed the project, have nt you例 14 The poor young man is ready to accept_ help he can get.A.

25、whicheverB. however C. whateverD. whe never例 15_ has helped to save the drow ning girl is worth prais ing.A. WhoB. The oneC. An yo neD. Whoever例 16 I d appreciate_ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. you例 17 I don t think you could have been used to the quick

26、pace of life whilein the USA_ you_ . I thought of retur ning to our country at one time.A. had; YesB. do; YesC. have; NoD.were;例 18 With his work completed, the bus in essma n stepped back to his seat, feeli ng_ he was a man of acti on.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether宾语从句练习题类型一：引导词的运用（1） I don t kno

27、w_or notstudy ingNopleased5） Excuse me ， sir Could you tell meA. whether he is at homeB. if he is at homeC. that he is at homeD .whethe5） Excuse me ， sir Could you tell me（ 3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA whichB whereC ifD that（4） I don t know _ Mr Green will come to see us H

28、ell help us with ourEnglish A whyB when C howD where（5） Be careful ！ Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said David Yes ， MumA what B thatC why D if（ 6） Do you know _ Mr Black s address is He may live at NO 18 or No 19 of Bridge Street类型二：宾语从句的语序1）Did you find out _2）Are you interested in _3）I do

29、n t know _ Can you tell me4） What did the scientist say He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one dayA whichB whetherC ifD thatI m not sure of _A where ， whichB where ， whatC what ， whichD what ， where7） There is not much difference between the twoI reallydont know _A what should I choose

30、B which I should chooseC which should I chooseD what I should chooseA she was looking for whose childB whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking forD whose child she was looking forA how did he do itB he did it howC how he did itD he how did itA how the two players are oldB how old

31、 are the two playersC the two players are how oldD how old the two players areA he had to flyB he could flyC can he flyD could he fly3） I thought that he disliked playing football6） She asked Tom _ with his car类型三：时态（ 1） It s 7 ： 30 I can t believe you_ cooking dinner yet， Sally A haven t startedB d

32、idn t C don t startD hadn t started2） The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas DayA isB wasC has beenD will be（3）The teacher said that the earth _ _round the sunA goesB go C went D will go（4）We d like to tell you that you _ the examA have passed B had passedC passDwill pass（5）“ Cou

33、ld you tell me_ ”“ Yes They _ to the libraryA where are the twins ， have beenBwhere were the twins， have beenCwhere the twins are ， have goneD，where the twins were， have gone（6）Our father said that he _ a new computer next weekA will buyB have boughtCwouldbuy D buys（7）I hear that he _ to Beijing yes

34、terdayA goesB will goC wentDhave gone1） I don t think he is right2） He believes she is rightA Where the bank nearestB where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank isD thenearestA what the matter wasB what the matter isC what was the matterD what is the matter类型四：其他反意疑问句，it 做形式宾语Aisn t heBis heC

35、 do ID don t IA doesn t heB does heCis sheDisn t sheA. didn t heB. did heC . did ID.didn t4）. I find _ _ important that we practice English every day.A. itB . thisC. thatD. what5） You can t imagine _ when they received the nice gift高考题1 What did you parents think about your decision They always let

36、me do _ I think I should全国卷）A. why B . what C . who D . that4.Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see_ .（ 2000 上海）A . who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is5.We haven t heard from Jane for a long time What do you consider _to her（ NMET 1990）A. was happeningB. to happenC . has happenedD . happeningA how they were excitedB how excited they wereC how excited were theyD they were how excited（06全国n）A whenB thatC howD what2 Please remind meoff he said he was goingI may be in time to see himA whereB whenC. howD. what（06 全国I）3 Mary wrote an artic