第四讲冠词和数词

1、中考英语总复习第四讲 冠词和数词主讲人：郑艳丽 班级：三班一、冠词 冠词属于虚词，在句中不能单独充当句子成分。冠词通常和名词连用，放在名词前面，说明其意义。英语中冠词只有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。1.不定冠词的用法1). a/an 用于单数可数名词前。（名词读音以辅音开头用a；以元音开头用an，如： an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。）2.)指人或事物的某一类。That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。Give him a pear, pleas

2、e! 请给他一个梨。Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.3).表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)4).表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilosix class a day, thirty miles an hour等。 2.定冠词的用法1). 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某

3、个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2). 再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree. The boy is my brother.3). 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Ope

4、n the door，please!请打开门。4). 用于某些固定词组中。 例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5). 用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6). 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。 例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.The Greens came to China two years ago .7). 用在由普通名词构成的表

5、示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人民解放军the Long March 长征8).用在序数词或形容词最高级前The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.He is the tallest one in our class.9).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)the g

6、lobe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层The sun rises in the east.The earth goes round the sun.10).在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世纪80年代in the nineteenth century 二十世纪11).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。the Changjiang River 长江the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12). 在乐器的名称和表示方向、方位的名词前，加定冠

7、词。She played Mozard on the piano.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 13).在有些词组中，有定冠词和无定冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。3.零冠词（即指不使用冠词的情况）1)在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词The desk is made of wood.What is work? Work is struggle2). 在节日，假日，季节，月份，日

8、期，星期等名词前，不加冠词。Spring is the best season of the year.Do you feel like coming to a party on Saturday?4)名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时不加冠词。如：this morning， my pen， your watch等5) 在球类运动、棋类、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast， play chess， play basketball6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;by bus， by train， by car， by a

9、ir， by bike， by plane二、数词 数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 1.基数词 1)基数词1-12是独立单词one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2) 基数词13-19是个位数的词尾加词缀-teen。记忆thirteen, fifteen, eighteen3)整十位数的基数词20-90是十位数词加后缀-ty。记忆 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ni

10、nety4) 21-99之间非整十位数的基数词由十位数和个位数合成，中间加连词符“-”。2.序数词 1)序数词第一，第二，第三需要特别记忆，first, second, third2)序数词第四至第十九都由其数词后加-th构成。fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth3)十位整数的序数词的构成是将基数词词尾中的y变为i，再加-ethtwentieth, fortieth, fiftieth, ninetieth 4)第二十一以上的序数词由基数词加最后一个序数词构成twenty-first, thirty-third 3.数词的用法 1) 编号的表达方式可用序数词或基数词表示，

11、序数词位于名词前，并加上定冠词；基数词位于名词后。如：Lesson Five /the fifth lesson.2)年、月、日表示法 “年”用基数词，“日”用序数词，其顺序常用“月，日，年” 1997年7月1日 写作：July 1st, 19973)时间的表达 表示整点：基数词(+oclock) 三点整 three oclock（可写作3:00） 非整点表达：顺读法，钟点数+分钟数 逆读法，使用介词past和to A 表示“几点过几分”（30分钟内，含30分钟），可以用介词past。2:05 读作：five past two3:20 读作：twenty past threeB 表示“差几分几

12、点”（30分钟内，不含30分钟），可以用介词to。5:58 读作：two to six8:35 读作：twenty five to nine特殊表达法，一刻钟 quarter 一半 half4)分数的表达法分子用基数词，分母用序数词；若分子大于一，分母上的序数词要用复数形式。 one third three fifths分数中的整数部分用基数词表示，并用and连接整数和分数部分。 two and three tenths5)小数表示法读小数时，小数点（point）后面的每位数字依次用基数词读出。5.3 five point three8.93 eight point nine three6)度

13、量衡单位的表达方式 基数词+量词+相应的形容词/介词+相应的名词10米长 ten meters deep ten meters in depth20米长 twenty meters long twenty meters in length7)温度的读法 度 degree 摄氏 centigrade 负的，零下 minus/below 小数点 point28摄氏度 读作：twenty-eight degrees centigrade零下10摄氏度 读作： minus ten degrees centigradeten degrees below zero centigrade8)四则运算 加 p

14、lus 减 minus 乘 times 除 divide 5+3=？ How much is five plus/and three?4+5=9 Four plus five is/are nine.7-3=4 Seven minus three is/equals four5*3=15 Five times three are fifteen.15/3=5 Fifteen divided by three equals five.9)倍数表示法一半用half，一倍用once, 两倍用twice/double，三倍及三倍以上用”基数词+times”a.主语+谓语+倍数+as+adj.+as I

15、havethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。 b.主语+谓语+倍数+thesize(amount，length)of Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。 c.主语+谓语+倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d.还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear. 今年粮食产量

16、增加了4倍。 冠词过关检测I. 用a; an; the或不填(/) 完成下列句子填空。1. I bought _ same pen as she bought.2. _ police caught _thief by _ arm.3. They are paid by _hour.4. I went to _ London by _ airplane.5. The little girl wanted to go to _ cinema.6. I live on _Fifth Avenue.7. Next day I will go to _ country to go on business

17、.8. It is _ university and _ university is very large.9. I need _ hour to take a break.10. It is _ useful horse. II. 单项选择。( )11.Does Tom have _ pen？ Yes, he has _. A. an; some B. a; one C. a; D. any; one( )12. This is _ old motorbike. _ old motorbike is Mr. Zhangs. A. an; The B. the; An C. a; The D.

18、 the; The( )13. _ apple a day keeps the doctor awayA. The B. A C. An D. /( )14. How many pencils do you have？ I have _ pencilIt is red. This _ is brown, so its not mine.A. a; an B. a; a C. one; an D. one; one( )15. Tim is _ one-year-old baby.A. a B. an C. the D.( )16 _ panda is _ ChinaA. The; a B. A

19、; the C. The; from D. The; the( )17. We cant see _ sun at _ nightAthe；the Bthe； Ca； D；( )18. _ useful dictionary it is！A. What an B. How a C. What a D. What( )19. One day he found _ suitcaseThere was _ “s” on the corner of _ suitcase. A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. an; an; an D. the; a; a( )20. _ old

20、 man with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting.A. An; an; a B. The; ; an C. The; ; a D. The; ; the( )21. _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world.A. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a( )22._ new bridge has been built over_ Marling RiverA. The; a B. A; C. A; the D. An; the( )23._ young m

21、an over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the( )24. She used to be _ worker but later she became_ engineer.A. a; an B. a; the C. ; a D. a; ( )25. We made him _ chairman. A. a B. the C. an D. ( )26Tom Smith is _ EuropeanHe works in our schoolA. a B. an C. t

22、he D.( )27. Is she from _USA?A. an B. a C. the D.( )28. Does Allan often play _ soccer after _ school？A.; B.; the C. the; D. a;( )29. He gave 5000 yuan to our school _ day before yesterday.A. an B. one C. a D. the( )30. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. ( )31. She has _ o

23、range blouse _ blouse is nice. A. a; The B. an The C. an; A D. the; The( )32. This is _ orange. Its _small orange. A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the( )33There is _ “h” in the word “hour”.A. a B. an C. the D. ( )34. I can play _piano very well, but I dont know how to play _chess at all. A. a; an

24、 B. an; a C. the; D. the; the( )35. There is _ Uncle Wang here.A. B. the C. a D. an( )36. Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of China. A. a; a B. the; the C. ; the D. a; the( )37. Heilongjiang is in _ northeast of China. A. B. an C. a D. the( )38. Ive been a teacher there for nearly three and

25、_ half years. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 39. Could I speak to Mr. Wang, please? -Sorry, you have dialed the wrong number. There isnt _ Mr. Wang here.A. a B. an C. the D./( ) 40. I will have _ breakfast after reading my _English book.A. a; an B. the; / C. /; / D. a; the数词过关检测I. 用所给词的正确形式填空。1. The _(on

26、e) month of a year is January.2. How often do you go swimming in summer? -_(two) a week.3. September is the _(nine) month of a year.4. One _(five) of the world population is in China.5. There are _(eighteen) floors in the building and my home is on the _(eighteen) floor.6. There are _(hundred) of te

27、achers in our school.7. My name is Jack Smith. Jack is my _(one) name.8. When is your birthday? Its February _(two).9. Whats the date today? Its March _(eight).10. Whats ten minus ten? Its _. (0)II. 单项选择。( ) 11. This is a small class, and _ of the students are boys. A. two third B. second three C. t

28、wo thirds D. two three ( ) 12. The population of China is about _.A. 13 million B. 130 million C. 1.34 billion D. 13.4 billion( ) 13. Please open your books at page 5 and we are going to learn the _lesson.A. two B. three C. fifth D. six( ) 14. _ boys took part in the Happy Boy Competition but only f

29、ew of them succeeded . A. One million of B. Three millionsC. Millions of D. Thousands and millions( ) 15. During the Seven-day National Day holiday, _ families went outing.A. thousand B. thousands of C. thousands D. thousands and thousands ( ) 16. In our school, _ of the students are girls.A. three

30、fifths B. three fifth C. third five D. third fifths ( ) 17. What time is it now? Its _. A. nine forty-five B. forty-five past nineC. fifty-five to nineD. three quarters to ten( ) 18. December is _ month of the year. A. one B. the last C. last D. the first ( ) 19. There are _ days in a year. A. three

31、 hundreds sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. the third hundred sixty-five D. third hundredth and sixty-five ( ) 20. The computer was very expensive. I spent five _ yuan on it. A. thousandsB. thousand C. thousands ofD. thousand of ( ) 21. Can you write a _ article about your school life?A.

32、 two-hundred-wordB. two-hundred-wordsC. two-hundreds-wordD. two-hundreds-words( ) 22. Which floor do you live on?-The _ floor, and my room number is _. A. ninth; nine zero twoB. sixth; six zero secondC. five; five zero secondD. five; five zero two( ) 23.In our city people have bought new cars. A. th

33、ousandB. thousands C. thousands ofD. many thousand( ) 24. Now boys and girls, please turn to page _ and look at the _ picture in Lesson Five. A. twentieth, twoB. twenty, twoC. twentieth, secondD. twenty, second( ) 25.My three bikes are all broken. I want to buy a _ one.A. threeB. thirdC. fourthD. fo

34、ur( ) 26. About _ of the students in our class are from the countryside.A. three-fifths B. four-fifthC. two-fives D. fourths-five( ) 27. The first day of a week is _.A. Sunday B. Monday C. Saturday D. Friday( ) 28. 20125520 can be read _.A. two million one hundred twenty-five thousand five hundred a

35、nd twentyB. twenty million one hundred and twenty-five thousand five hundred and twentyC. two billion one million twenty-five thousand five hundred and twentyD. two thousand million one hundred thousand and five hundred and twenty( ) 29. My friend Dale is in _.A. One Class, Grade Nine B. class two, grade eightC. Class Four, Grade Nine D. Grade 9, Class 3( ) 30. He is the _one to pass the finishing line.A. one B. first B. two C. three( ) 31. Your English is poor, so youd better go abroad to improve _.A. one