高中英语选修十 Unit 4 Learning efficiently-语法篇（学生版）

1、.Unit 4 Learning efficiently-语法篇_1. 掌握虚拟语气运用；2. 掌握常考虚拟语气的解题方法；虚拟语气一. 定义虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。二. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1. 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“假如的意思。2. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用1 表示与如今事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“过去式be的过去式用we

2、re，主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形。例如：If I had time，I would attend the meeting.If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.2 表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“had+过去分词， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+ have+过去分词。例如：If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.3 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从

3、句谓动可以用三种形式: a. “动词过去式； b. “were to+动词原形； c. “should+动词原形， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形。例如：If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.使用虚拟条件句时要注意的

4、几点：1 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.要是那时你听我劝告的话，你如今就知道该做什么了。2 if的省略和倒装在条件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。例如:If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study h

5、arder.If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.注意： 当省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否认形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。比方，我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：W

6、erent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.3 含蓄条件句 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。例如:What would you do with a million dollars？if you had a million dollarsWe couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.if we hadnt got your helpWithout your help，we couldnt have finishe

7、d the work ahead of time.But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，. 用otherwise，however，but或分词短语等代替条件状语从句。例如:He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。The firemen arrived in time. Otherwise the house would have been burnt to t

8、he ground.消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.假设是多加注意，这些树就会长得更好。三. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1. 用于宾语从句中1 wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：a. 过去时宾从动作与wish同时；b. 过去完成时宾从动作先于wish；c. could/ would/ might+动词原形，即过去将来时宾从动作后于wish。例如:I wish I remembered his address.我希望我记得他

9、的地址。I wish I had studied hard.我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。2 表示建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，动词有：demand, order, require, insist坚决主张, suggest建议, propose, advise, decide, determine, vote提议, command, arrange安排、协商, desire, prefer, intend等，从句谓动用“should+动词原形，should可以省略。例如:The doctor suggested/insisted that sheshouldstay in bed for a

10、 few days.医生建议/坚持她卧床几天。注意： 当suggest作“暗示、说明讲，insist作“坚持说讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，that 从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。例如：The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.他脸上的表情暗示出他不快乐。Mike insisted that he was right.迈克坚持认为自己是对的。3 would had rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer从句构造，这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备，谓语动词用过去式表示如今或将来，

11、用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。例如:I would rather you didnt go there.我宁愿你不去那儿。4 If only 引导的感慨句中。例如:If only I were a bird! 我要是只鸟儿多好啊！2. 用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat 从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形，should 可以省略。例如:It is suggested that the meetingshouldbe put

12、off till next week.It is strange that heshouldhave acted toward his parents like that.act 发生在主句谓语动词be之前时，要用should have过去分词注意： 以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。例如:Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.Its a pity that you cant dance.3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要

13、用虚拟语气。其构成是“should动词原形。如：My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.四. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用1. 在as if/though 引导的方式状语和even if/though 引导的让步状语从句中：一般过去时表示与如今或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如:She loves the boy as if he were her o

14、wn son.她喜欢这个男孩子就好似他是她的亲生儿子一样。2. 在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“could/might/may/can动词原形表示虚拟语气。例如:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他早起为的是可以赶上第一班公共汽车。3. 在in case that，for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“should动词原形表示虚拟语气，should不可省略。例如:She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he sho

15、uld catch a cold.她把一个大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。4. if only 后面需要用虚拟语气：一般过去时表示与如今或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如:If only I could operate the computer.要是我会操作电脑该多好。If only he had known it.要是他知道这件事该多好。五. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用It is high/about time that.句型中一般用过去时或“should动词原形但should不可省略表示虚拟语气，前者更为常用。例如:Its high/about time that child

16、ren went/should go to school.到了孩子们上学的时候了。1. What would have happened，_ as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther2. Its high time that we_ home and_ supper now. A. go；have B. went；had C. go；should have D. went；to

17、 have3. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave4. He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he_ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored5. I wish I_ the book yeste

18、rday，but I was too busy.A. had finished to write B. had finished writingC. could have finished to write D. might finish writing根底演练单项选择1. I have no time now. If I _time, I _to the cinema with you. A had; may go B have; shall go C had; would go D had had; would have gone2. If she had worked harder, s

19、he_. A would succeed B had succeeded C should succeed D would have succeeded3. I would not have gone to the party, _. A were I not invited B hadnt invited C hadnt been invited D had not I been invited4. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A has B had C will have D had ha

20、d5. How I wish I _ to fix the clock! I only made it worse. A could have tried B didnt try C hadnt tried D couldnt tried6. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A wouldnt have fallen B had not fallen C sh

21、ould fall D were to fall7. I advised that the sick child_ a hospital as soon as possible. A should send to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to8. What she said at the meeting suggested that she _ our plan. A support B supported C should support D will support9. The man insisted that he_ t

22、he law and _into prison. A didnt break; not put B hadnt broken; shouldnt be put C not break; not put D hadnt broken; mustnt be put10. _it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. A If B Would C When D Should稳固进步.用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Id rather you _ come tomorrow.2. If only he _ be alive.3. We shou

23、ld act as if she _ watch us.4. I couldnt help even though I _ bethere at the moment.5. If I _informyesterday，I _ knowwhat to do now.单句改错1. If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt fail in the exam._2. I would have finished the work，but I had been ill._3. Its high time we do our homework._4. I wish she

24、 will do better next time._5. The teacher demanded that he answered the question immediately._. 完成句子1. My suggestion is that _我们根据天气情况来安排运动会的日期2. _ 要不是他的帮助，I couldnt have finished the work on time.3. Without/But for your help，_ 我是不会平安到家的4. If I were you，I _ 更加注意英语的习语和短语5. _ 假如他九点动身的话，he ought to hav

25、e been in Londonby eleven oclock.1. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat，the earth at night_，too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. would be frozen coldC. would be freezing coldlyD. can freeze coldly2. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_ be so rude to a lady.A. migh

26、t B. need C. should D. would3. If only he_ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie4. Oh，Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat5. Mr

27、. White_ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving6. How I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing to

28、day if I _ in love at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall8. But for the help of my English teacher，I_ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win

29、D. would have won9. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed10. Bill suggested_ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having held B. to holdC. holding D. hold11

30、. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.A. would be sent B. should sendC. be sent D. must be sent12. These achievements _ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen，a key leader of the New Chinas nuclear missile and so on.A. would have been unthinkableB. would not

31、be unthinkableC. would be unthinkableD. would not have been unthinkable13. They must have been enjoying themselves there，otherwise they _ so long.A. cant have stayed B. wouldnt have stayedC. neednt have stayed D. couldnt stay14. The current economic situation requires that we _ strengthen our confid

32、ence and make every effort to promote growth and balanced development.A. need B. wouldC. could D. should15. The boy insisted that he _ his best and _ praised.A. had tried；must be B. tried；must beC. try；should be D. had tried；be_一. 完型2019朝阳一模Appeal to Emotion情感My childhood left three months ago on a

33、plane to Austria.It was a 1 day when my baby cousins moved away. My cousins were a fundamental part of my life; 2 they were not with me, they were on my mind. They brought back the untroubled days of my childhood, 3 games, adventures and silliness, but they also helped 4 me from an at-times selfish

34、teenager into a responsible adult.My aunt and uncle moved here from Boston with their 1-year-old daughter Yasmeen. They lived in an apartment on the side of our house and I was 5 to have our family, especially a baby girl, so close to us. Yasmeen had close friendships with each of my sisters, but I

35、knew the one that 6 between us was the strongest. As she began to walk on her own and talk in full sentences, I realized my great 7 upon her. I noticed that shed 8 some of my unpleasant actions, 9 with her mother after I had done the same. Yasmeen made me realize what being a good 10 really was.When

36、 Maya was born, Yasmeen had a hard time 11 . She was jealous嫉妒 of the attention we all paid to her new younger sister, so I did my best to keep her company when she might have not been 12 . Once Yasmeen overcame her jealousy, she was able to 13 Mayas presence, like we all did. I tried to take advant

37、age of our times together, doing my best to 14 my schedule for my two favorite people.My 15 with Yasmeen and Maya has taught me the importance of influential people. I know that I have helped Yasmeen and Maya 16 , but “the babies have had an even greater influence on my own life. They have shown me

38、how to be a parent, a sister, a child, and most importantly, a friend. Our 17 has made me a better persona more patient person, with the ability to 18 endless questions and spilled洒 juice；an 19 person, able to have fun and be happy with others; a role model, 20 the babies ideas about right and wrong, and a compassionate person, able to forgive and love. 1.A. sadB. busyC.