初中英语动词不定式精讲精练-潘老师

1、非谓语动词按照动词在句子中充当的成分，英语句子中的动词有两种形式：谓语动词形式：也称为谓语动词，在句子中做谓语的动词形式（动词的限定形式），与主语在人称和数上要保持一致。非谓语动词形式：也称为非谓语动词，在在句子中不作谓语的动词形式，非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词有3种：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词） 动词不定式一. 概念： 是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。二. 构成： “to+动词原形” （to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义）三. 否定式： 不定式符号前直接加“not”四. 用法特点：1. 具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状

2、语，构成动词不 定式短语。 2. 具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语 补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。五. 句法作用（不定式在句子中充当的成分）动词不定式可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语、补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。（一句话， “神通广大”，除谓语以外的所有句子成分）1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式 后置。 常用句型: It + be + 名词 + to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. 这是照顾老人是我们的责任。 It take

3、s sb + some time + to do sth It took me 2 hours to finish the work? It + be + adj + for（of）sb + to do It is difficult for us to finish so much homework. Its important for us to protect our environment 保护环境对于我们很重要的。 Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你

4、那样做真是太聪明啦！ 注： 如要说明动作的执行者（逻辑上的主语），可在不定式前加for引导出动作执行者；但如 果表语是 nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式加 of引导出动作执行者。 如何判断用for还是用of ？ 当后面的逻辑主语与前面的形容词中间加个Be动词，能构成符合句子意义的句子，便用 of, 反之用for。例如you are clever 符合句子意思，用of It seems (appears) + adj + to do sth It seems impossible to get to school in such a rai

5、ny day.2. 作宾语 a. 一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，这类词通常表示命令、打算或希望 如：want，hope，decide，agree,choose,wouldlike，plan，fail choose，wouldlike， plan，fail, expect等。 Would you like to see a film this evening? I want to go fishing tomorrow.b. Find，think后接不定式作宾语时，常用it作为形式宾语替代不定式，而将真正的宾语放在句末，使句子紧凑优美。 I find it difficult to read E

6、nglish every day. c. Like, love, begin, start等动词后既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词形式，意义上差别不大。d. Stop, forget, remember, try等动词后面既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词形式，但意义不同Stoptodosth 停下来去做某事 （作目的状语）Stopdoingsth 停止做某事。 （作宾语）Forgettodosth 忘记要去做某事 （事情没有做）Forgetdoingsth 忘记做了某事 （事情已经做了）Remembertodosth 记住要去做某事 （事情没有做）Rememberdoingsth表示记住做过某

7、事 （事情已经做了）Trytodosth. 尽力做某事Trydoingsth. 试着做某事Go on to do sth 继续做某事 （做另一件事）Go on doing sth 继续做某事 （做同一件事）例句：Imtired. Lets stoptohavearest. 我累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧。Itistimeforclass. Stoptalking上课了，别说话了。 Dontforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom离开房间时，别忘了关上灯。 Iforgottellingyouthatbefore. 我忘了以前已经告诉过你这件事了 Wem

8、ustremembertoturnofftheTV. 我们一定要记住关上电视。 Irememberedsendingyousomestamps 我记得给你寄了邮票了。3. 作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补时，进一步说明宾语发出的动作，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 Lucy asked him to close the window. 关窗动作是him 发出的，him 与 close之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。 a. 带to的不定式作宾补 可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask，tell，order，invite，beg， get，allow， wish，want，encourage，advi

9、se， warn等。例如： The teacher asked us to finish our homework老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 She wanted him to sing for her friends她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。b. 不带to的不定式作宾补 动词不定式在使役动词（make，let， have）或感官动词（feel，listen to，hear， look at， see，watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。为了便

10、于记忆，我们可以这样记“一 感”（feel）、“二听”（listen， hear）、“三让”（let，make，have）、“四看”（look at，see， watch，notice）。例如： I felt someone open my door我感觉有人开了我的门。 Please listen to me sing the song again请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。 You cant let the boy stand in the sun你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。 You must watch me carefully do everything你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。 注意1

11、：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强 调 动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行（片断）。试比较： I heard her sing我听见她唱了歌。 I heard her singing我听见她在唱歌。 注意2：感官动词和使役动词的变成被动语态时，不定式符号“to”不能省略。 记忆口诀：“主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来” My mother made me do the dishes yesterday. I was made to do the dishes yesterday. We saw a man enter the room.

12、A man was seen to enter the room. c. 带to或不带to的不定式作宾补 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。例如： He often helps me（to）clean the room他经常帮助我打扫房间。 4. 作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to do. （动宾关系： do homework）There is nothing to worry about. （动宾关系： worry about nothing, 所以介词a

13、bout不能省略） 注意：动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此不定式是不及物动词时， 作定语不能省去介词。Nanjing is a good place to live in.I need some paper to write in.5. 作状语不定式作状语，表示动作的原因、目的、结果等 Teacher Wu went to Shanghai to see her daughter. (目的状语) Were glad to meet you here. (原因状语) He is too tired to work on. (结果状语)6. 不定式复合结构 不定

14、式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how等连用，用法上，相当于一个宾语从句。 The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didnt know where to go. (where to go where he should go ) 注意： why 不能接不定式构成复合结构。总结不定式助记口诀：不定式有标记，to与动词连一起； 没有人称，数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定表及状语，唯独谓语不可以； Not加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词加不定式，构成短语有意义； 仔细推敲多考虑，准确判断有依据。动名词一. 概念：

15、加后缀ing构成的名词。也是动词的一种非谓语动词形式。二. 构成：V + ing三. 否定式： 动名词前直接加“not” 四. 用法特点： 1. 既有动词的性质：有自己宾语和状语，构成动名词短语 2. 也有名词的性质：具有名词的功能，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语五. 句法作用（动名词在句子中充当的成分）动名词在句子中的所做的成分基本等同于名词，因此相对于动词不定式来说，比较容易掌握。1 作主语如：Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对身体健康有害。2作表语 My mothers job is raising chicken. 我母亲的工作是养鸡

16、。3作宾语 I dont mind listening to that story again. 我不介意再听一遍那个故事。 I have finish doing the dishes4作定语 Lets join the singing group. 让我们加入合唱队吧。 A working method 工作方法注意：1. 接动名词作宾语的动词或动词词组 （不能接不定式作宾语）Finish，enjoy，practice，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，put off（推迟），feel like（喜欢），give upCant help d

17、oing sth 不禁做某事 Be worth doing sth Sb or Sth值得被. 例如： The book is worth reading 2. 介词后接动名词的常见表达Be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事Look forward to 盼望做某事Spend . (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事Have difficulty / problem / trouble / fun (in) doing sth 做某事有困难/困难/问题/麻烦/乐趣3. 当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式 等于 不定式的被动式。 The

18、window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned. 那个窗户需要被擦洗。 不定式与动名词练习A卷选择填空：1. Drivers in big cities are asked _ their cars on “World Car-Free Day”. A not use B. dont use C. not to use D. no use2. The students of Class One got up early this morning _ be late for the picnic. A. so as to B. in o

19、rder that C. so as to not D. in order not to3. My wish _ a successful basketball player like Yao Ming. A. to become B. is to become C. is become D. becomes4. The video cameras are so nice. I really dont know _. A. how to choose B. what to choose C. to choose which D. which to choose5. Please tell Ma

20、ry _ up late tonight. She has a lot of work to do tomorrow. A. sit B. not to sit C. sitting D. not sit6. My father told me _ stay up too late at night. A. dont B. not to C. not D. to not7. I got up very early this morning _ late for watching the sun-rise. A. in order not to be B. in order to be not

21、C. so that not to be D. so that to be not8. Lucy, Ive heard that you can use MSN to talk with your friends on the internet. Would you please show me _? A. how can I use it B. how to use C. how to use it D. how I can use9. Sybils burning desire _. A. will become a ballet dancer B. is to become a ball

22、et dancer C. is going to be a ballet dancer D. is becoming a ballet dancer10. Mother often tells Bob _ too much time playing computer games. A. not to spend B. to not spend C. dont spend D. doesnt spend11. Pushing the door open, Beethoven saw a blind girl _ the piano by the window. A. playing B. pla

23、yed C. to play D. play12. The old man always prevents people _ the Huangpu River. A. to pollute B. from pollution C. polluted D. from polluting13. A storm is on the way. The farmers have been warned _ in the fields. A. work B. to work C. not to work D. not working14. The film “The Brokeback Mountain

24、” made Ang Lee (李安) _ the best director in the 78th Oscar Awards. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became15. The young man is wondering _ a digital camera. A. how to repair B. what to buy C. where to go D. how many to buy16. My fathers hobby is _ different kinds of coins. A. collect B. collects

25、 C. to collect D. will collect17. The 18th World AIDS Day is set to make people _ their best in the fight against AIDS. A. tried B. try C. trying D. tries18. Would you mind _ me how to remember English words? A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told19. The Grade Six students got used _ in the new schoo

26、l one month later. A. to study B. to studying C. study D. studying20. Internet Bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _ had things. A. to watch B. watch C. watching D. watches21. Youd better _ because its bad for your health. A. not to smoke B. smoke C. not smoke D. to smoke22. The young

27、man gave up _ at least after he knew he was seriously ill. A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoke D. smokes23. Would you like her to sing a song for us? Wed like to hear _ like Li Yuchun. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings24. Do you mind _ the electric fan? It is a bit hot inside. A. turn on B. to turn

28、 on C. turning on D. turned on25. Generally speaking, I dont enjoy _, but Id like _ this afternoon. A. to swim, to swim B. to swim, swimming C. swimming, to swim D. swimming, swimming改写句子：1.The bookshelf is so high that the boy cant reach the top of it.The bookshelf is _ high for the boy _ reach the

29、 top of it.2.I really dont know how I can solve the problem.I really dont know _ _ solve the problem.3.Little Tom went out in a hurry after supper. He wanted to play video games.Little Tom went out in a hurry _ _ video games after supper.4.I havent decided which ferry I shall take to Hong Kong Islan

30、d.I havent decided which ferry _ _ to Hong Kong Island.5.He worked hard at French so that he could get a good mark in the exam.He worked hard at French _ _ to get a good mark in the exam.6.Peter was so fat that he couldnt wear this t-shirt.Peter was not _ _ to wear this t-shirt.B卷选择填空：1.I have a lot

31、 of things _ this weekend.A, do B, did C, doing D, to do 2.The teacher often tells Jim and John _ too much time playing video games.A, not to spend B, to not spend C, dont spend D, doesnt spend3.Some young people are now _ to buy private cars.A, rather rich B, very rich C, rich enough D, enough rich

32、4.Yesterday morning I got up early _ be late for the exam.A, in order to B, in order to not C, so as not to D, so as to 5.If the launch (发射) in 2005 is successful, China will be the third country _ its astronautsinto space after Russia and the US.A, send B, sends C, sending D, to send6.“Mr Zhu, youd

33、 better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.A, not to eat B, to eat C, not eat D, eat7.”Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr Bush said to his wifeA, do B, to do C, does D, did8.The headmasters praise for our group singing yesterday ma

34、de us all _ happily.A, smile B, smiled C, smiling D, to smile9.Children always enjoy _ picture-books.A, read B, to read C, reading D, reads10.Oxford English makes my students _ English more fluently than before.A, spoke B, speak C, speaking D, to speak11.Dont let the boy _ the street by himself. He

35、is too young.A, cross B, to cross C, crossing D, crossed12.I prefer staying at home to _ outside on a wet day.A, go B, be C, going D, stay13.The deputies of CPPC (全国人大代表) asked the government to _ more money on education.A, cost B, spend C, pay D, send14.The teacher will show us _ the computer.A, to

36、 use B, how to use C, used D, using15.The students in our school are busy _ our School Art Festival.A, to prepare B, to prepare for C, getting ready for D, preparing for16.My hope is _ an engineer in the future.A, become B, to become C, became D, becomes17.She will be free this summer holidays. She

37、decided _ to Beijing for her holidays.A, going B, to go C, to not go D, not going18.Why not _ us?A, to joining B, joining C, to join D, join19.How happy we are _ each other in London! What a coincidence!A, seeing B, saw C, to see D, seen20.When her name was called, I saw Mary _ from her seat.A, rise

38、 B, raise C, rose D, raised21.Qu Yuan was a great poem. His job at that time was _ advice to the emperor.A, gave B, give C, to give D, gives22.Father _ a bike for me as my birthday present.A, was offered B, is offered C, offered to buy D, offered to buying23.Aunt Li says that she enjoys _ with her d

39、aughters in Beijing.A, to staying B, to stay C, stays D, staying24.How did she make the baby _ when her mother was away?A, stop crying B, to stop crying C, to stop to cry D, stopping to cry25.Our football player did their best _ the game.A, win B, won C, to win D, winning26.The boys were seen _ bask

40、etball on the playground at that time yesterday.A, play B, played C, to play D, playing27.To every doctor, the most important thing is _ peoples lives.A, save B, saves C, saved D, to save28.Would you mind _ me with my lessons?A, help B, to help C, helping D, helped29.Its time for supper. Lets _ it.A

41、, stop having B, stop to have C, to stop to have D, stopping to have30.Mr Li _ go to work by bus. Now he _ going to work on foot.A, used, is used to B, used to, is used of C, is used to, used to D, used to, is used toC卷选择填空：1.My uncle coughed day and night. When he spoke, he often stopped _.A, cough

42、ed B, cough C, coughing D, to cough2.Did you tell your children _ throw rubbish on the ground?A, not to B, dont C, cant D, shouldnt3.Father often _ me _ his computer.A, tells, use B, ask, to use C, made, to use D, let, use4.Never forget _ “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.A, to speak B, to say C,

43、 speaking D, saying5.Xinhua News Agency (新华社) said that China had spent 861million RMB _ against bird flu in the first three months of this year.A, fight B, to fight C, fought D, fighting6.Mr Smith told us _ him the information on Yu Garden next Monday.A, to take B, get C, to have D, to bring7.Id li

44、ke _ you everything I saw along the journey.A, to speak B, speak C, to tell D, tell8.He preferred _ in bed to have a good rest for a couple of days.A, have stayed B, stay C, staying D, stayed9.In order to keep the earth clean, we should do everything we can _ waste things.A, recycle B, recycled C, t

45、o recycle D, recycling10.Fried food _ called junk (垃圾) food. Youd better _ it.A, is, not to eat B, are, not to eat C, is, not eat D, are, not eat11.People in Bangkok enjoy _ spicy food and fresh fruit.A, eat B, to eat C, to have D, having12.There used _ a restaurant here.A, to be B, to have C, to be

46、ing D, to having13.The twin brothers always enjoy _ to the concert.A, go B, going C, to go D, gone14.my parents wont allow me _ out late.A, stay B, staying C, stayed D, to stay15.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes our land and sea.A, how do it B, how to do C, what do it D, what to do 16.Father decided _ smoking.A, give up B, give it up C, to give up D, giving up17.The people recycle the old newspapers, magazines and books _ waste them.A, so that B, so that dont C, so as to D, so as not to18.It is necessar