不定式、动名词

1、2010高一语法学案（二）动名词、不定式动名词1、动名词的基本形式 主动式被动式一般式(not) doing _完成式 _ _2、动名词作主语 Having enough passion is not enough if you want to do this job well. Eating more fruit every day is helpful to keep you away from SARS.试比较：Swimming is fun.To swim on such a hot day is fun.结论：动名词作主语_，不定式作主语_。特

2、殊结构：It为形式主语，动名词词组作真正的主语：Its no good smoking, so youd better give it upIts no use arguing with himIts useless complaining to the boss.I dont think it any good/use doing作主语考点 1 动名词的复合结构 e.g. _ (他) being present at the meeting surprised us all. (必须用_) 2 动名词的否定结构 e.g. _ (Tom没有) attending the meeting dis

3、appointed us all. (注意位置顺序) 3 注意被动结构 e.g. _ (在事故中受伤) made it difficult for him to walk. e.g. _ (被选为班长) of the class made him very happy.3、动名词作宾语 Many people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer. The singer is looking forward to releasing his new album. 后面只能跟动名词的动词：enjoy, admit, imagine, allow, avo

4、id, advise, escape, miss, deny, delay, resist, consider, excuse, finish, involve, practise, suggest, stand, risk, mind, appreciate, postpone需要注意的介词词组：object to, lead to, look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, devoteto/be devoted to作宾语考点 1. 复合结构 e.g. Would you mind _ (我) opening the window? (

5、_都可以) 2. 被动结构 e.g. He is afraid of _ (一个人被留在家里) at night. 3. 否定结构 e.g. He regrets _ (没有努力学习) when young. 4. 否定加复合结构 e.g. His mother was disappointed at _. (他没通过考试) 5. (否定)、被动加复合结构 e.g. He was angry at _ (he, not, tell) the news. e.g. The evidence led to _. (小偷被抓) 6. 完成结构 e.g. We are proud of _. (成功举

6、办北京奥运会)4、动名词的固定结构 It is no use/no good doing It is useless doing I dont think it any good doing have difficulty (in) doing trouble problems fun a hard/pleasant time There is no point (in) doing =It is no use doing There is no doing =It is impossible to do e.g. There is no telling what will happen in

7、 the future. spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing lose no time (in) doing prevent(from) doing stop(from) doing keepfrom doing allow doing/sb. to do permit doing/sb. to do advise doing/sb. to do recommend doing/sb. to do forbid doing/sb. to do want/need/require/deserve to be done =want/need/re

8、quire/deserve doing e.g. The flowers need/want/require to be watered/watering. be worth doing be worthy to be done be worthy of being done e.g. The book is worth reading. The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read. remember forget stop mean regret go on try不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，通常

9、以不定式符号to加动词原形构成，其否定式是not to加动词原形。1、动词不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式(do为例) 主动 被动一般式To do_完成式 _ _进行式 _ 完成进行式 _ 2、不定式作主语· To wait in line is good manners.· How to solve the problem still puzzles me a lot.作主语考点形式主语It is difficult/hard/easy/important/necessaryessential/convenient/

10、possible/dangerous for sb. to do sth.It is kind/clever/wise/stupid/foolish/careful of sb. to do sth. 3、不定式作宾语在afford, appear, agree, aim, beg, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, hesitate, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等动词后常接动词不定式作宾语。· We cant a

11、fford to buy that apartment.· The boy aimed to enter a famous university.· He longed to become a world-famous scientist.· When we met yesterday, he pretended not to see me作宾语考点· 1. 被动结构· e.g. They expected _ (pay) after finishing the job.· 2. 完成结构· e.g. The plane s

12、eemed _ off (take) already when we hurried to the airport.· 3. 进行结构· e.g. The boy pretended _ (read) English when his mother came back home last night.· 4. 完成被动结构· e.g. The book appeared _ (punish) last month.· 5. 和wh-疑问词连用· e.g. Have you decided where to go this coming

13、 weekend? (where we will go)· e.g. We have no idea when to hold school sports meeting. (when we will hold) · e.g. I wonder what to do/how to do it next.· 6. hoped to have done=had hoped to do· e.g. I had hoped to visit you yesterday, but I was too busy.=I hoped to have visited yo

14、u, but I was too busy.· 该用法适用于下列单词· mean, hope, expect, intend, plan, was(were)等· 7. 形式宾语结构· find/think/feel/suppose it adj. /n. (for sb.) to do· e.g. Some students find it difficult to learn English well.· e.g. He thinks it a pleasure/an honor _ (invite) to the party.4

15、、不定式作宾补· 在advise, allow, ask, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, invite, instruct, remind, recommend, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, warn, want, wish等动词后的宾语常常带有一个动词不定式作宾语补足语。· His father encouraged him to work as a journalist. · My mum wont allow me to smoke.&#

16、183; What on earth caused you to change your mind?· The boss instructed his secretary to cancel all the meetings作宾补考点· 1. hope/suggest/demand 不能跟不定式作宾补。· e.g. He is hoped to win the game. /We hope him to win the game.是错句· 2. 注意否定· e.g. He was told not/never to be late for cl

17、ass. · 3. 注意动词+宾语+(to be)+ n. /adj.结构· think, consider, believe, find, prove, know· e.g. The scientist proved the theory (to be) true.· e.g. They believe it (to be) a true story.· e.g. We all think him (to be) modest. èWe all think of him as modest. · 4. 感官动词和使役动词后

18、宾补前省略to· feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe· e.g. The mother felt herself grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.· 但在被动语态时某些动词后要恢复to· e.g. He is often heard to sing the song.· e.g. The little boy

19、 was made to play the piano every day.· e.g. The pianist is often listened to to play a melodious(动听的) tune at night. 5、不定式作状语· A. 目的状语· e.g. He got up very early this morning (just) to (in order/so as to) catch the first bus.· èHe got up very early this morning so that he c

20、ould catch the first bus.· e.g. To make the 2010 Shanghai EXPO a great success, we need to make full preparations in every aspect. · B. 结果状语· (1) tooto/enoughto结构· The boy is too young to be given too much work.· èThe boy is not old enough to be given too much work.toot

21、o结构注意点· He is too wise not to be cheated.· He is so wise that he will not be cheated.· He is wise enough not to be cheated.· Its never too late to learn.· I am only too glad to stay at home.· (2) soas to结构· e.g. Would you be so kind as to do me a favor?· e.g.

22、The concert hall is so large as to seat an audience of 10,000.· The concert hall is large enough to seat an audience of 10,000.· The concert hall is so large that it can· (3) only to, never to结构· e.g. I hurried to the booking office, only to find that all the tickets had been sol

23、d out.· e.g. He left his hometown at the age of 18, never to return.· e.g. He went to climb the mountain, never to be heard of. 6、不定式作定语· 1. I have a lot of clothes to wash tonight.· I wash clothes· “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid.· 2. He is looki

24、ng for a room to live in.· Please give me a knife to cut with.· 3. He is the first (student) to come and the last to leave.· 4. 注意某些名词后面不定式作定语(由动词派生)· e.g. His failure to pass the exam let his parents down.· e.g. His attempt to break the prison failed at last.· ability,

25、 ambition, attempt, decision, plan, offer, chance, failure, need, promise等7、不定式须注意的其他问题· do nothing but/except do· cannot help but do· cannot but do· cannot choose but do· have no choice/alternative but to do· It is said/reported/believed that S do sth.· èS is

26、 said/reported/believed to do sth.· e.g. It is said that he works as an engineer.· èHe is said _ as an engineer.· e.g. It is reported that the bank was robbed yesterday.· èThe bank is reported in todays newspaper _ yesterday.· 形容词+不定式结构· e.g. We were excited t

27、o learn the news.· e.g. The book is difficult to read.· e.g. He is a person (who is) easy to get along with.· 不定式的省略到to为止· -Would you like to see a film tonight?· -Id like to, but I have a meeting to attend.课后反馈1. She felt it quite honored _ (invite) to the opening ceremony

28、of the film festival.2. The bakery run by the Smiths is reported in todays newspaper _ (burn) down last night.3. I dont think it any good _ (enter) for the match.4. Enough attention should be paid to _ (keep) the classroom in order.5. The flowers require _ (water) every other day if they are to surv

29、ive.6. The scientist is said to be easy _ (get) along with.7. I would rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _ (share) a room with someone else.8. After finishing the job, they expected _ (pay).9. The man in brown was considered _ (see) everything that had happened in the supermarke

30、t.10. He objected to _ (keep) waiting for such a long time.11. Have you been invited to the meeting _ (hold) this coming Sunday.12. _ (write) in simple English, the novel is very easy for us to understand.13. Have you visited the museum _ (build) the year before?14. After_ (question) for several hou

31、rs, the milled-aged women admitted _ (steal) a bottle of milk from the supermarket.15. The girl insisted on her _ (not marry) to the man her parents were fond of.16. Two men were fined for being caught _ (hunt) in the national park yesterday.17. Though she was born in a poor family, her parents did

32、manage _ (send) her to a university and later she went abroad to further her study.18. I would do anything for her except _ (eat) what she cooks.19. He left his hometown at the age of 18, never _ (return) again.20. Our car broke down on our way to the hall where a conference was to be held yesterday

33、, and _ (make) matters worse, there was no garage within our sight.21. The little boy pretended _ (read) English text when his mother came back home yesterday.22. _ (elect) monitor of his class made him very happy.23. The Internet makes it possible for us _ (inform) of what is going on all over the

34、world.24. You can never imagine the difficulty we had _ (search) for the lost documents.25. On the wall _ (hang) two large portraits then.26. The life the millionaire had long been accustomed to _ (change) greatly after his big failure in business.27. The matter on how to get on well with one anothe