情态动词（二）（讲义）

1、.高中英语情态动词二1. 根本掌握情态动词ought to、need等词的根本含义和用法。2. 系统掌握情态动词用于表推测的用法和“情态动词+have done的特殊含义。重点：情态动词表示推测的根本用法与区别。难点：识记并掌握“情态动词+have done的特殊含义。1. 情态动词是英语语言当中一个非常重要的元素，在各类文章和题型中经常出现，并且在高考语法填空和短文改错中也多有考察。2. 情态动词的根本用法在阅读和书面表达当中也有着非常重要的影响，尤其是在写作中考生经常在情态动词用法上出错，需要引起重视。ought to的用法By now his restaurant ought to be

2、 full of people.到了这个时候，他的餐馆本来应该是顾客盈门的。1. ought to意为“应该，应当，其后必须跟动词原形，只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化。2. ought to表示推测，暗含很大的可能性；还可表示“有义务或责任做某事，语气比较强；还可表示“建议或劝告。3. ought to的否认形式为ought not to或oughtnt to，其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。4. “ought tohave done构造相当于“shouldhave done构造，表示“本应该做某事而事实上并没有做，其否认构造表示“不该做某事实际上却做了。You ought to

3、make an apology to Joan.你应该向Joan抱歉。Jeffrey ought to be there by now.Jeffrey如今应该在那儿了。You ought not to / oughtnt to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。Ought I to hand in my composition now?我应该如今把我的作文上交吗？You are late. You ought to / should have arrived five minutes earlier.你迟到了，你本应该早五

4、分钟到的。We oughtnt to / shouldnt have told him the news.我们本不该告诉他那个消息的。You have said those words. That has hurt her heart.A. cant B. wont C. oughtnt to D. neednt答案：C思路分析：句意为：你本不该说那些话的。那伤了她的心。oughtnt to have done本不该做某事实际上却做了。need的用法need表示“需要或“必要，既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。1作为情态动词，“need通常用于否认句和疑问句。2needn

5、t表示“不必，没有必要。neednt have done sth.本来不必做的事却做了。3作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称和数的变化。其用法可总结如下：后跟名词或代词；后跟不定式；动名词用主动形式表被动意义；need sb. to do sth.We neednt hurry, for theres plenty of time.我们无需着急，因为时间很充足。Need I go now? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.我需要如今就动身吗？ 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。Your home is not far away from

6、your school, so you neednt have left in such a hurry.你家离学校不远，因此你本不需要这么匆忙出发的。Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？He needs nothing. 他什么都不需要。He did not need to arrive so early. 他不需要这么早到。Does she need to know the truth? 她需要知道真相吗？The TV needs repairing / to be repaired again. 电视机又需要被修理了。I need you to help me. 我

7、需要你来帮助我。1. need开头的疑问句的否认答复可用neednt，但是肯定答复常用must。Need you go now? 你如今走吗？Yes, I must. 是的，我必须如今就走。/ No, I neednt. 不，我不必。2. 以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定答复用must，否认答复用neednt或dont have to。Must I do the work now? 我必须如今干这个活吗？Yes, you must. 是的，你必须干。/ No, you neednt / dont have to. 不，你不必干。I use a clock to wake me up becau

8、se at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt答案：D思路分析：根据后面的because引导的原因状语从句的内容可知选D项，即“因为每天早晨六点钟那列火车都经过我家，所以没有必要用闹钟来叫醒我。couldnt不能；mustnt制止；shouldnt不应该；neednt不必，不需要。情态动词表推测的用法Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat

9、in his restaurant as he always did.要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。must, can / could, may / might以及should等词均可用于表示推测，需要注意各自的含义及互相之间的区别。情态动词推测如今、将来推测过去适用句型把握大小mustmust + domust + have done肯定句把握较大can / couldcan / could + docan /could + have done否认句、疑问句把握较大may / mightmay / might + domay / might + have done肯定句

10、、否认句把握较小You cant be tiredyouve only been working for an hour.你如今不可能很累，你才工作了一个小时而已。Isn t that Anns husband over there?No, it cant be himIm sure he doesnt wear glasses.那是Ann的丈夫吗？ 不，那不可能是他，我确定他不戴眼镜的。There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It couldnt have been a com

11、fortable journey.车里已经有五个人了，但是他们还是把我也带上了。那肯定不会是一个舒适的旅程。He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. 他一定已经完成工作了，否那么，他不可能在海边玩得那么开心。This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put答案：D思路分析：句中说到

12、，蛋糕非常甜，故而下一个句子里应该说的是，你一定放了很多的糖，表示肯定的有把握的推测，需要用must，同时要考虑到放糖的动作发生在过去，因此是must have put表示对过去肯定的推测。“情态动词+have done的用法must have done对过去肯定的推测把握较大；肯定句；cant / couldnt have done对过去否认的推测把握较大；否认、疑问句；may / mightnot have done对过去的推测把握较小；肯定、否认句；could have done本来可以做某事却没做；might have done a. 本来可以做某事却没做 b. 本来应该做某事却没做；

13、ought to / should have done本来应该做某事却没做；含责备的意味oughtnt to / shouldnt have done本来不应该做某事却做了；neednt have done本来不需要做某事却做了。Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere.Well. He cant have gone far his coats still here.你知道David在哪儿吗？我到处都找不到他。 他是不可能走远的，他的外套还在这儿。I could have saved the poor rabbit, but

14、I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment.我本来可以救那只可怜的兔子的，可是当时我身上没有带适宜的药物。Sorry, Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.抱歉，我来晚了。我可能是关掉闹钟然后又继续去睡了。Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong­ willed man.Jack

15、把他的父亲，许多年前一定是个英勇的男孩子，描绘成为一个意志坚决的人。I shouldnt have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.我本不该看那部电影的，它会让我噩梦连连的。You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didnt you come?你昨天本应该来参加聚会的，但是你为什么没有来呢？Mark neednt have hurried. After driving at a top speed, he arrived half an hour early.M

16、ark本不需要那么匆忙的。在急速行驶之后，他早到了半个小时。The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through答案：D思路分析：根据句意可知，应当是，她一定遭遇了很多的困难，表示肯定的推测，而且推测的时间为

17、过去的13年，故而应该为must have gone through，推测过去。A、B选项为，如今可能经历了很多的困难，C那么为，本应该经历却没有。1. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving2. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. A. maynt B. ca

18、nt C. mustnt D. neednt3. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped4. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt5. I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stayC.