情态动词（讲义及答案）

1、.情态动词讲义一、can, could, may, might 表示恳求答应1. 区别Can I take the book away? Could I take the book away? May I take the book away? Might I take the book away?语气的委婉程度从高到低为 can, could, may, might。2. can, could, may, might 表示恳求答应时的答复。Can you give me another chance?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Could I look at your pic

2、tures?Yes, of course you ./I am sorry you .用 could 提问，表示“能吗？，假设表示同意用 can，不同意用 cant，注意不用 could 来答复。May I speak to you for a moment in private, please?May 表示恳求答应时，常常与第一人称 I 连用，构成“May I? 句式，表示“我可以吗？肯定答复用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course.否认答复用 No, you cant. / No, you mustnt. May I smoke her

3、e? , you . It can be dangerous.A. Yes; canB. No; cant C. Yes; may D. No; neednt Might I come in?Might I borrow some money?might 用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出如今口语中，用法稍显过时。肯定答复通常用 may，否认答复可以用 cant 或者 mustnt。练习：Can I get you a drink? . I am not thirsty.A. Thats very nice of youB. No, you dont have toC. Yes, pleaseD

4、. With pleasureMay I leave the classroom now?1No, you . You shouldnt leave until the bell rings.A. may notB. cantC. needntD. couldntyyou pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone number.A. NeedB. CouldC. MustD. Should Could I use your eraser for a while?Yes, of course you .A. couldB. willC.

5、 canD. should二、情态动词和短语情态动词1. 情态动词needThe little girl needs to get some sleep.I needed two more days to finish the work. Do you need to have some coffee?need 作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。接动词时，用动词不定式。Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?No, you neednt.need 作情态动词时，常用于否认句和疑问句中。判断以下句子中的 need 属于实义动词还是情态动词Tom

6、 needs to have a rest after a days working. Need I pay the dishes now? He didnt need to go the hospital. He neednt have gone to hospitalhe only had a cold. dare v. 敢 于I would never dare to steal things from stores. Do you dare to tell her what I said?I didnt dare to look at him.I darent tell my moth

7、er the truth.dare 可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式口语中 to 可以省略 也可做情态动词，常用于否认句和疑问句。shallWe shall be away next week.I shall be in Henan next Friday.I/we shall，用于表示将来要做的事。Shall I open the window?Shall we meet at six, OK? What shall I make for dinner?shall I/we，好吗？要不要？用于提建议或要求别人做请补充完好下面的对话A: How can we go there? B: We c

8、an go there by bus.A: How long will it take us to get there? B: About half an hour.A: ?B: Lets meet at the bus stop at 7 oclock.2. 短语情态动词have to“不得不，使用时有人称和时态的变化。 My brother has to eat an egg every day.You dont have to be here tomorrow.had better“最好You had better stay at home tomorrow, for it will r

9、ain heavily. Tina had better not put off the plan because it is very important. 否认形式为 had better notwould rather “宁愿I would rather go there with you.我宁愿不去电影院。I would rather not go to the cinema. 否 定 形 式 为 would rather not ought to1表义务，意为"应该"因责任、义务等该做，口气比 should稍重。You are his father. You ou

10、ght to take care of him. You ought not to smoke so much.2表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该吧。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.三、情态动词加完成时1. 情态动词表示对如今情况的推测Its just five oclock. Mary must be staying on bed now.3肯定推测That cant be Tom. He went to Be

11、ijing yesterday.否认推测He may/might be in China now.可能性推测2. 情态动词表示对过去情况的推测must have doneHe must have arrived in Henan at that time.Lucy must have finished the book before she returned it.昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。Somebody in the room last night.must have done 对过去的肯定推测，翻译为“一定了。cant have doneMiss Li cant have gone t

12、o Shanghai. I met her yesterday.He cant have done that because he stayed with me at that time.cant have done，对过去的否认推测，翻译为“不可能做了。Jimmy 不可能清扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家。Jimmy cant have cleaned up the house because he was not at home yesterday.3. 情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟should have doneTom, you are too lazy. The work should h

13、ave been finished yesterda. You should have told me about it earlier.My father should have got home at seven but his car broke off on the way.should have done 翻译为“本应该了但实际没有也可用 ought to have done我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。I that he was lying to me.neednt have doneYou neednt have done it by yourself. You could ask

14、 others for help. My mom neednt have told me these words. I knew how to do it.I needn't have bought so much foodonly five people came. neednt have done 翻译为“本不应该做实际做了。could have doneYou could have got higher scores.4I could have been there yesterday, but I met Tom on the way.could have done “本能够实

15、际未能做某事练习： The ground is wet. It have rained last night.A. cantB. needntC. shouldD. must Mr. Smith have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.A. mustB. needntC. cantD. should Theyhave finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.A. mustB. couldC. shouldD. neednt I have bought

16、 so much wineonly five people came.A. couldB. mustC. needntD. should四、情态动词考点总结1. 常考点：通过语境分析说话人语气，选用最适宜的情态动词Look out! The knife is very sharp. You cut your finger.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may In order to speak English better, we _ be afraid of losingface. Remember, practice makes perfect.A. shouldB.

17、 shouldntC. have toD. must You stop when the traffic light turns red.A. canB. had betterC. needD. must Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You hurry now.A. shouldB. needntC. mustD. cant2. 常考点：情态动词与一般如今时连用，表示对如今的推测。Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?No, he be there. He has gone to Tianjin.A.

18、mustntB. needntC. wontD. cant This book Lucys. look! Her name is on the bookcover.A. must beB. may beC. cant beD. mustnt beThis pair of shoes belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.5It be his. Its too large for him.A. can; cantB. may; needntC. must; mustntD. must; cant3. 常考点：mustnt 与 must 问句的答

19、复According to the traffic laws, people _ drive after drinking wine or beer.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. mustnt Must we leave now?No, we . We still have two more hours.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt Miss Li, must we hand in our homework right now?No, you . You can hand in it tomorrow.A. dont

20、B. mustntC. needntD. may not Tom, you _ play with the knife. Youhurtyourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; should4. 常考点：can, could, may, might 表恳求答应时的答复。May I leave now?No, you . You should wait here until lunchtime.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. wont Could I have another candy,

21、 mom?No, you . Its bad for your teeth.A. couldntB. needntC. cantD. shouldntExercises一、单项选择1. Can I borrow your ruler, please?Yes, you _ . But you must return it before lunchtime.A. haveB. canC. mustD. used to2.you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A. MustB. ShouldC. CouldD. Might 3. I

22、try on these shoes in the window? . They are just on show.6A. Could; Yes, you canB. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cantD. Can; Yes, you could4. Amy, I hear youve got many foreign coins. I have a look?Of course, Ill fetch them for you.A. MayB. MustC. ShouldD. Need 5. May I smoke here?Im

23、sorry you . It is dangerous to smoke at gas station.A. needntB. couldnt C. shouldntD. mustnt 6. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs it every day.A. practice to speakB. to practice speakingC. practice speakingD. to practice to speak 7. Shall we take a taxi?No, we . Its not far from he

24、re.A. cantB. mustntC. shouldntD. neednt8. What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepare earlier today.Honey, you . Lets go out to have something different.A. mustntB. cantC. shouldntD. dont have to 9. Its rather hot in the room. Youd better the windows or the door.A. closeB. not to closeC. dont

25、closeD. not close10. The students ought to wear school uniforms when theyre at school. 划线部分可以交换为： A. mustB. would like to C. shouldD. love to11. Harryhave won the speech contesteasily yesterday, but he gave up.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must12. The weather was fine yesterday. I _my umbrella with me

26、 .A. should have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken 13. I didnt hear the phone. I asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been 14. He is not poor. You have lent him the money.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt15. Ihere in time, but I met an old friend of mi

27、ne. I stopped and talked with him for some time.A. shouldnt have comeB. must have comeC. neednt have comeD. could have come16. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spokenD. shouldnt have spoken 17. Can you go swi

28、mming with us this afternoon?Sorry, I cant. Itake care of my little sister at home.A. canB. mayC. wouldD. have to 18. What will the weather be like tomorrow?It be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?A. mustB. mightC. shallD. should 19. How was the party last night, Mark?It was great. You come.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. may 20. Will you stay for some more d