英语语法之宾语从句

1、精品文档宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词： who, whom, whose, what ,which , whatever, whichever, whoever 等 副词： when ,where, how, why 等。宾语从句分三类：动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句；形容词的宾语从句。(1)动词的宾语从句：作动词的宾语大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些动词短语也可以带宾语从句。I heard that he would come here later on.(2)介词的宾语

2、从句：作介词的宾语一般情况下，介词后只用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。He said nothing about who broke the window last night.(3)形容词的宾语从句：作形容词的宾语在 afraid , certain , glad , happy, pleased , sure , surprise , satisfied , sorry等表示感情的形容词后可接宾语从句。I m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.二、宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法1 .that , if/whether 引导that

3、 , whether , if引导宾语从句时都只起连接作用，不作句子成分。That无意义且可省略，而whether/if 意为“是否”,故不可省略。He told me that he would go to the college the next year.I don t know if there will be a bus any more.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.2 .连接代词引导当连接代词 who, whom whose, what ,which , whatever, whichever , whoever 等引导宾语

4、从句时，可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。每个 连词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?3 .连接副词引导当连接副词 when, where , why, how, however等引导宾语从句时，可以 在从句中充当状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等

5、。每个副词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。有时 how many和how much也可以引导宾语 从句。He didn t tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分即使主句为疑问句语序，从句也用陈述句语序。I don t know what they are looking f

6、or.Could you tell me when the train will leave?四.宾语从句的时态1 .主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态 例旬：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.I hope you will find these ideas useful.2 .主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例旬： She was sorry that she hadn t finished her work on time.3 .当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态

7、。例旬：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五、宾语从句的否定转移等词，而宾语从句的1 .当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例旬：I don t think it is right for him to treat you like that.2 .主句的谓语动词是 think ,believe, imagine, suppose, consider,expect, fancy, guess 等，并且主句的主语是第一人称

8、而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句：I don t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wontshe/he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?3 .如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy , unfair , dislike

9、等），其反义疑问句要用肯定形 例旬： We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, doeshe?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？4 .当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致例旬： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She do

10、esnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?六、宾语从句中that不能省略的情况1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省， 但后面的that不可省。例旬：I believe (that ) you have done your best and that things will get better .2 .当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。例旬：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was w

11、earing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3 .当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例旬：I can t tell him that his mother died.4 .当it作形式宾语时例旬： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形 式宾语。5 .当宾语从句前置时例旬： That our team will win , I believe .6 .当 that 作 learn

12、, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时。例旬： She suggest that we get up early.七、宾语从句中只用whether或只能用if的情况1 .只能用whether,不能用if :在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往 用whether (ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let meknow whether /if he will comeor not . (=Let meknow whether or not he wi

13、ll come )I dont know whether /if he does any washing or not. (= I dont know whether or not he does any washing .)I wonder whether we stay or whether we go .在介词之后用whether如：Im interested in whether he likes English.Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.在不定式前用whether 0如：He hasnt de

14、cided whether to visit the old man.He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train.whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not , I cant say引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question.3欢在下载精品文档若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether 。如： Please let me know if you like the book.

15、可理解为：b If you like the book ， please let me know 2 . 只能用 if 不能用 whether 的情况1) if 引导条件状语从句，意为 “ 如果 ”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2) if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didn t come to school yesterday.3)引导状语从句even if (即使)和 as if (好象)时He talks as if he has known all about it.练习题 1(1) I don

16、t think he is right,?A isn t he B is he C do I D don t I(2) . He believes she is right, ?A doesn t he B does he C is she D isn t she(3) .I thought that he disliked playing football,?A didn t he B did he C did I D didn t I(4) . I find important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that

17、 D. what(5) . You can t imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited练习题 2(1) I don t know or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends o

18、n the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I don t know Mr. Green will come to see us. He ll help us with ourEnglish.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Don t break the bottles. Do you he

19、ar I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black s address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I m not sure of .A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don t know A. what

20、 should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose练习题 3(1) Did you find out ?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in ?A. how did he do it

21、B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I don t know . Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day.A.

22、he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where(6) She asked Tom with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter练习题 4(1) It s 7:30. I can t believe