虚拟语气导学案及答案

1、M6 U3 Grammar Unreal conditionals虚拟语气【学习目标】 Students are expected to learn when to use Unreal conditionals and how to use Unreal conditionals .【知识准备】英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用 来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。条件状语从句分类条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句 表示的是假设或

2、实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。eg : 1. If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus. he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.I were you,I would go at once.there were no air,people would die.以上四句中 和 是真实语气； 和 是虚拟语气【自主探究】一、状语从句中的虚拟语气（一）if引导的条件状语从句1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2 . If I were you,

3、I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3 . If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4 . If he had come earlier, he wouldn ' t have missed the first bus.5 If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.6 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting wo

4、uld be put off.7 If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反感悟：与现在事实相反1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation.2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games.总结形式：时态if条件从句主句，现在事实相反动词用过去式be (were)Would/could/should/might +动词原形练一练：If I

5、wereIf I had time ，译一译：1.要是他现在在这儿，我们就会问他关于这件事。If he were here now , we would ask him about it .2. 即使她现在在这儿，她也不能解决这个问题。Even though she were/was here , she couldn't solve the problem. 感悟：与过去事实相反1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car.2. If the earthquake hadn' t

6、happened in Wenchuan in 2008, many people wouldn' t have lost families.总结形式：时态if 条件从句主句，过去事实相反动词用过去完成式would /could/should+have done/might(not)练练：1. If the farmer hadn ' t seen the snake, he(not put) it in the arms.2. If he (not put) it in the arms, the snake wouldn' t have bitten him.3.

7、If the snake(not bite) him, he(not die).my lawyer(not be here ) last Saturday , he(prevent ) me from going .4.如果我好好学习如果昨天我听你的建议，如果我更小心地开车，1. In the future, if I had 10,000,000 yuan, I would buy a house.2. If the water in the Pacific Ocean were to be poured out, it wouldn' t stop mylove.3. If he

8、should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.总结形式：时态if条件从句主句与将来事实相反练一练:1. If everyone(help) those in need in future, the world would be a much better place.2. If it(be) fine this weekend, we would have a picnic.3. If I(be admit to) a famous university in two years, I would treat you to a big m

9、eal.4. If it(snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.译一译：1.如果我今天下午看见他了，我会告诉他的。2. 要是我将来赚了一千万，我就自己建立一个学校。3. 他要是敢解雇我，我就泄露他所有的秘密。(二)：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有 were, had, should 时，可以倒装成：Were / Should/ Had +主+其他1. If I were you, I would try it again. , I would try it again.2. If he had been there yesterday, he would ha

10、ve seen the film. there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn ' t go out. tomorrow, we wouldn' t go out.注意：在省略句型中，只有 had done的had才能省略，实义动词 had不能省。1If I had time now, I would go to the library. Had I time now,( 误)(三).错综时间条件句：假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词

11、不 一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。1. If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2. If you had followed the teacher ' s advice, you wouldn ' t be in the hospital.3. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you(know) what we are doing now.you(take) my

12、advice then, you(现在就不会有麻烦了)5.her husband(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.(四)：含蓄条件句：有时虚拟的条件不是通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 without, but for, or , otherwise等，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no modern industry.2. Without

13、 your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.Key: 1. would not have put2. had not put 3. had not bitten/would not have died not been here /would not have prevented练一练：填入合适的动词形式。1) Without air, th

14、ere no life on the earth. (be)2) He but for his teacher ' s timely advice. (fail)3) We the work better in that case. (do)4) He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he an importantmeeting to attend. (have)Key:1) would be 2) would have failed 3) would have done 4) had【巩固提升】当堂训练：1. If y

15、ou(speak) to him last time you saw him, you(know)what to do now.2. If I (have not ) so much work to do , I (not miss) the filmlast night.3. If you (hesitate) this moment, you(suffer) in future.4. If Mary (arrive) today, she must have started threedays ago.5. If it (snow) last night, it (be) very col

16、d today.6. - Why didn t he comeHe _but she didn t have time.(come)7. She would put on weight but she (not eat ) enough.Key: spoken not had /would not have missed /would suffer snowed /would be have come t eat 8. 如果我早上出门带钱了，现在就不如此尴尬了。9. 要不是你的帮助，我是不会成功通过考试的。10. 她感觉不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。11. 如果他没有生病并且错过了那么多

17、的课，他就会取得更大的进不了。12. 如果不是你的建议，我们不可能克服这些困难。13. 如果不是窗户开着睡觉，你就不会感冒了。14. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则的话，我就会给他打电话了。15. 如果不是英语老师的帮助，我们就不可能赢得英语写作竞赛一等奖了。16. 如果我们继续这样折腾地球，我们将来将无立足之地。单项选择1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be2. more careful, his ship would not have

18、sunk.A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been3. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able4. If you asked your father, you permission.A. may get B. might get C. s

19、hould have called D. maybe get5. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6. I you, I would go with him to the party.A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ourchairman now.A. m

20、ust have been B. would have been C. were D. would be8. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won9. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, asudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there be C. there w

21、as D. there having been10. If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we d thereby now.A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling11. George would certainly have attended the meeting, .A. if he didn t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. ha

22、d the tire not flattened itself12. Without electronic computers, much of today s advanced technology .A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achievedC. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved13. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. w

23、ould have come D. had come14. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told15. she yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn t leave B. Had not, left C.Hadn t, left D. Didn t, leave16. If you smoke, please go outside be

24、cause this is a non-smoking office.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. may17. If Sanlu Group melamine to the milk, the babies too much from kidney stone.A. didn t add; would not suffered B.hadn t added; wouldn t havesufferedC. hasn t added; wouldn t have suffered D. hadn t adde d; would have suffered18. If the

25、 printerbreak down under guarantee, we would repair it at ourexpense.A. may B. could C. might D. should19. I the poor rabbit, but I didn t have the right drugs with me at thatmoment.A. savedB. had savedC. could saveD. could have saved20. . But for your timely warning, we into great trouble. You know

26、 we re friends.A. would getB. must have got C. would have gotD. couldn thave got21. - You promised to come to my dinner party last night but you didn t turnup.- I , but something unexpected happened just before I left.A. would like to haveB. should like toC. am going toD. like to22. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. Iit, but I was busy pr