构词法练习及其答案

1、高考能力测试构词法WordFormation一.合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。(1)合成adj方式例词1adj+adjred-hot2adj+nfirst-class,full-time,part-time3adj+现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,4adj+过去分词ready-made5adj+n-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded6n+n-ediron-willed7n+adjworld-famous,day-long8n+

2、现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9n+过去分词man-made,water-covered,10adv+adjever-green11adv+现在分词hard-working,far-seeing12adv+过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known(2)合成动词13num+nfive-year构成方式例词14num+n+adjfive-year-old1n+vday-dream2adv+vovercome,upturn翻起15num计过去分词four-legged,six-storied3ad

3、j+vwhite-wash合成n构成方式例词1n+nhorseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,2adj+nback-yard,forehead,3动名词+nhidingplace,reading-room4v+advget-off,breakin,5adv+voutput,overflow(4)合成advhowever,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,(6)合成介词inside在里后缀例词形容-a

4、lcentral,industrial,national,natural词-anEuropean,American,Australian-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective-ythirs

5、ty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,various-aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechil

6、dlike,womanlike,manlike、派生Derivation前缀含义例词a-处在arise,aside,aloneen-使口能enrich,enable,enslavedis-不，否dissatisfy,dishonest,士7Edisappear,disorder,disagreeun-不，做unable,unknown,相反动uncommon,uncomfortable,作unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untiein-不，非inactive,incapable,im-inpatient,incorrectir-impossible,imperso

7、nal,il-impolite,immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopde-向相反decentralize（分散）,方向发defrost（解冻）-antignorant,significant,observant,important-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-i

8、shchildish,foolish展anti反（对）anti-freeze,-anti-fascistmis-错误misdoings,的，坏misunderstand,的misfortunere重复，rewrite,remarry,再reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex以前的ex-husband,ex-presidenttele叱telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket,superpower,unde在underline,r-之下underestimate

9、,underground,inte相互，international,interact,r-之间inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,tran过，穿transformation（变形），s-过，变translatevice副vice-premier,-vice-president后嚓缀硼阿司semi-半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic百iJ可-wa-iZ(s)reawd,northwarde,mechwaize,dowcwardbi两个bicycle,biennial两

10、年一次的那词-enwlowysqrecgtenarengthen,shadpenhappiwideiew1yshorten,trimul-三个多，多种triangle三角形，tricycle二轮脚踏车，triplets二胞胎multiply,multi-national,multi-colouredquicken,deepen-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,二、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话，mirror镜子像镜样反映，drink喝饮料,record音首记录,n

11、ame,kilo-千kilometre,kilogramdate,hand,study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的一一使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词）front前面前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的一一首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的，只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。1 .That

12、manwasenoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessDcarelessness2 .Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohisisheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3 .Thechildlookedathisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4 .Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima.A.che

13、mistryB.chemicalC.chemisD.physician5 .Thethree-chairisntsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6 .Stephensonbecametherailwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7 .Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklookedaboutathisclassmates.A.proudB

14、.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8 .Toeveryones,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9 .Whatareyoudoinghere?Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageaboutinEnglish.Youcanwrite_passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-

15、words10 .Nooneshouldenterthespotwithouttheofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11Youmustcomewithustothepolice.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12 .Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13 .

16、Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswithasmile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14 .Theorderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15 .MyTVisoutoforder.CanyoutellmewhatisthenewsaboutIraqWar?A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter16 .TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin.A.longerB.lengthC.long

17、D.longing17 .Tomy，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18 .Canadaismainlyancountry.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19 .Howheis!Heisalwaysacting.Heisreallya.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool20 .Thenec

18、klacethatshelostisveryexpensive.Itsofgreat.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21 .TherewerefishintheriverinSouthAmerica.A.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22 .Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23 .Thechildlookedatme.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless

19、24 .Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirbravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25 .Whatyousaidsoundedbutinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26 .Wehavetolearntechnologyfromothercountries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27 .Thechildrenliveinavillage.They

20、comeherealmosteveryday.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.nearby28 .MrBlackisaninthearmy，notaninthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis.A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office29 .Youdbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep.A.healthB.healthyC.healthil

21、yD.healthier30 .speaking，Ididntdoitonpurpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest1.1 Itsoundslikeagoodplan，buttherearesomedifficultiesincarryingitout.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32 .Hisfatherpossessesafactory，whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers

22、-madeD.paper-made33 .Marxlefthishomelandforsomereasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.Itstopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.Hesverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35 .Dancaughttwobirdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestillinthecage.A.alive ； live B.live ； live C.liveali

23、veD.alivealive36 .Thedoctorsaidthattheoldmansconditionwas_andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37 .Annfeltsothatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38 .Westoodthereatthesight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；fr

24、ight39 .Thedoctorsadvicehimfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40Idliketobuyahouse,modern,comfortableandaboveallinaquiet_.A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursDneighboursn.改错练习（每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正）1.TheMiludeerarelivinginthewildinanaturalpark.2.Thisblouseisfitfor

25、himatall.Itstoolongandthecolorhasrun.3 .Thepossiblythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.4 .Wemuststrengthgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeopleandforthepeople.5 .Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea.6 .Heisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindiffer

26、entfilms.7 .Personal，IdratherstayathomewatchingTV.8.Becauseofherill，shecantgooutforthesight-seeing.9 .Thankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.10.Itsreallydustinthisroom.Itsalongtimesincesomeonelastlivedinit.11 .Wealldontknowhowdarkhappens.12.Heopenedtheenvelope，foldedtheletterandbegantoreadit.12

27、.Sheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation，whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethief.14 .Wewishyouapleasurejourneybackhome.15 .Thecaptainmadeanapologizetothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.16.Iwishthatyoucouldinterviewthesejournalswhocome.17.Coralisnotaplantbutavariousofanimallife.18.Inmyopinion

28、，Harryisthemostsuitfulpersonforthejob.19.Thefoodwasgoodbuttheservewaspoor.20.Thismeetingisofgreatimportanttoallofus.21.Therecomesalargecollectionofsoldiersinthedistant.22.Whenhegottothedestination，hewasquiteoutofbreathe.23.Traditionallyspeaking，RussiaisaEuropecountry.24.“Actual”means“infact”，andweca

29、nalsouse“asamatteroffact”.25.ItispossibletopersuadeAdamtogiveupthatdecide.26.Thedoctorsaidthatthepatiencewascomfortableaftertheoperation.27.Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscovermightchangethewholesocietycompletely.28.TheChinesegovernmenttreasurethefriendlybetweenthepeopleoftwocountriesandwearewaitingfora

30、peacefulsettlementofthismatter.29.Shewasafraidofhighanddarednotjumpoutoftheplane.30 .Hermotherdiedofhungryaftertheflood.31.Ibetyouaremistakethistime.32 .Themansaidthathewasmerelyapass-byandthathedidntwatchtheaccident.33 .Doyoufollowme?Yes，perfect.34 .PersonalpossessofgunscauseslotsoftroublesintheUSA

31、.35.Thegreatestwealthyisbeingcontentwithalittle.1.1 Ibelieveourdreamthathumanswilltraveltoandfromthemoonwillcometruthoneday.37 .Failisthemotherofsuccess.38.Everyyearmillionsofvisiterscometovisitthedams.39 .TheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialistandhaveachievedgreatprogress.40 .Peopleallwentuptoofferthe

32、ircongratulateontheirwinningthekeymatch.前后缀“冰山一角”练习一.形容词后缀1-ous结尾advantageambitionanxietycontinuecouragedangerdisasterfamegloryhumormountainmysterynervenumberpoisonprosperreligionsuspicionvaryvigor2. 以-al结尾Chemistryclasseconomyeditoreducationexceptionfinancefunctionlogicmemorynationoriginparentperso

33、nphysicspoliticsregionsubstancetechniquetechnology3. 以-able结尾abilityacceptaccessadaptavailavoidcapabilitychangecomfortcompareconvertdesiredurationfavorflexibilityhonormovenoticepermitreasonsensevision4. 以-ful结尾beautycarecheerdoubtfaithfruitglasshandharmhelpmouthpeacepowersk川spoonsuccessthoughtwonder

34、二名词后缀1.以-ment结尾achieveadvanceadvertiseagreedisagreeargueassignattachappointdevelopembarrassencourageengageenjoyequipestablishgoverninstallmanagemovepavepaypunishshipstate2. 以-al结尾approvedisapprovearriveproposerefuseremovesurvivetrywithdraw3. 以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy结尾abundantaccurateagentallowapplyatte

35、ndbankruptcompetentcompliantconfidentconsistconvenientinconvenientcorrespondentcurrentdependentindependentinnocentdiplomatdistantefficientelegantevidentexistfluentfrequentinferinfantinfluentialintelligentinterfereoffendpatientperformpreferreferresidentsignificantsilenttendurgentvacantviolent4.以-ion结

36、尾actaddadmitattractassociatecollectcombinecompletecommitcommunicatecomposeconcludeconsiderconsumecreatedecidedeclaredefinedescribedestroydeterminedevotedirectdistinctdiscussdominateeducateelectevolveexceptexhaustexhibitexploitfoundidentifyillustrateimitateimpressincludeintendintroduceinvestigateinvi

37、teliberatelocateobligeoccupyoperateorganizeparticipatepermitpredictproduceprovidepollutepossessrecognizerecommendregulaterelatesatisfyselectsolvesubmitsuggestutilizeverify三动词前后缀、1.以-en开头或结尾largeablecouragerichhardweakbroadsoftmoistlengthstrengththreatsharpsure2 .以-ify结尾magnifiedsimplepureintensebeautyclearelectricalnoteunitedignity3 .以-ize/ise/yze/yse结尾reali