人教版book8unit4语法学案

1、.Book8 Unit 4-过去分词作状语 一过去分词作状语 1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2.过去分词作状语表示_/或_的动作,相当一个状语从句。3.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。 二重难点辨析 重难点辨析一：主语一致 _ from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden. _from the hill, the city looks like a bi

2、g garden. 假如句子的主语和分词是主动关系, 用_， 句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用_。 1. 从上面看,体育场好似一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 2. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen 重难点辨析二：不表被动的特殊情况1.有些过去分词因来源于系表构造，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost 迷

3、路; seated 坐; hidden 躲; lost / absorbed in 沉溺于; born 出身于; dressed in 穿着; 2. 由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法。 如：frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 三使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况 1. 无视了分词作状语

4、时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语或主动或被动。如:  If heated, _.  A.people can turn water into gas     B. one can change ice into waterC. ice turns into water       D. people get water from ice假设分词主语与句中主语不一致,那么可以用其他方法来修正: 给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格构造或改变语态。改为相应的状语从句来表达。用w

5、ith复合构造等。 如:完成作业后,孩子们出去踢足球了。   Finished their homework, the children went out to play football. Their homework finished, the children went out to play football. 独立主格构造 Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football. 如今分词完成形式 With their homework finished, the ch

6、ildren went out to play football. with的复合构造 After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football. 介词+动名词有些含有分词的固定插入语, 其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如: judging from从.来判断;  generallyfrankly/exactly/./ speaking 一般地坦率地/确切地说;  considering考虑到; talking of说到.; supposing that假使.;se

7、eing that鉴于.等。如: Considering his health, he was made to stay at home。 2. 不能正确区分doing如今分词和 done过去分词的用法 1_ the progamme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.    A. Not completing   B. Not completed   C. Not having completed  D. Having not completed 2_

8、many times, he still came to school late.   A. Having told   B. Having been told      C. Told   D. Being told  3 _ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing    B. Having lost    C. Lost

9、      D. Being lost四分词作状语答题记忆口诀：分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动-ing,被动用-ed。Having been done 表先后，千万要牢记。稳固练习：一单句改错。1. There have been several new events adding to the program for the 2019 Beijing Olympic Games. 2. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure award, a titl

10、e is given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.3. “Things have lost never come again! I couldnt help talking to myself.4. The first textbooks that written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.5. The players selecting from the whol

11、e country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 6. The murderer was brought in, with his hands was tied behind his back. 7. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amusing with her stories. 8. Followed some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.二用括号内所给动词的恰当形式填空

12、。1. _comparewith his room, my room is small.2. _ see from the mountain, Qingdao looks beautiful at night.3. _ praise by the teacher, Lihua made up his mind to study English well.4. The thief was brought in, with hands _ tie back.5. Unless _ invite, I wont go to the party.6. _ use for a long time, th

13、e watch needs repairing.7. _ discuss many times, the problems were settled at last.8. _ lose in thought, he almost knocked into the tree.三完成以下句子。1.被很多学生跟着，老师走进了教室。_ _ _ _, the teacher entered the classroom.2.多给一点时间，我们能做的更好。_ _ _, we could do it much better.3.被两个先生所教，玛丽获得了很大进步。_ by two gentlemen, Mary _ _ _.4.一旦被教