核专业英语词汇

1、）核物理基本概念元素element单位，机组unit粒子particle国际单位制SystemInternational,离子ionSI分子molecule千克kilogram(kg)原子atom伏特volt(V)原子的atomic摩尔mole(mol)原子核nucleus(pl.nuclei)库仑coulomb核的nuclear电子伏特electron-volt(eV)质子proton兆电子伏特megaelectron-volt中子neutronelectron(MeV)massdefect电子质量亏损核子nucleon结合能bindingenergy化学性质chemicalidentity

2、动能kineticenergy带正电的positivelycharged势能potential,potential带负电的negativelychargedenergy不带电的uncharged跃迁jump电中性的electricallyneutral核力nuclearforce（元素）周期表periodictable排斥repulsion原子序数atomicnumber吸引attraction质量数massnumber轰击bombardment轨道电子orbitalelectron发射（出）emission(n.),emit(v.)同位素isotope能级energylevel天然存在的na

3、turallyoccurring裂变fission人工的artificial聚变fusion化学键chemicalbond衰变decay化合物compound钡barium上标superscript硼boron下标subscript铋bismuth氧oxygen铀uranium氢，氕hydrogen钚plutonium重氢，氘heavyhydrogen,钍thoriumdeuterium锂lithium重氢核，氘核deuterion钠sodium超重氢，氚tritium核反应nuclearreaction碳carbon链式反应chainreaction氦helium辐射，射线radiation

4、放射性的radioactive超铀元素transuraniumelement加权平均weightedmean可裂变的fissionable质量mass易裂变的fissile动量momentum碎片fragment能量energy宏观的macroscopic微观的microscopic库仑力Coulombforce介观的mesoscopic电磁辐射electromagnetic激发exciteradiation静电的electrostatic(二)放射性宇宙射线电离cosmicrayionization反比于beinverselyproportionalto韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(

5、brakingradiation)根据经验?射线asaruleofthumbalpharay辐射，射线radiation?射线betaray正比于beproportionalto?射线gammaray带电粒子chargedparticle吸入inhale所photon动能kineticenergy散射scattering势能potential(energy)衍射diffraction量子quantum折射deflection屏敝shielding碰撞collision正电子positron铝aluminum加速器accelerator钺beryllium放射性radioactivity氨hel

6、ium湮火annihilation相互作用摄入interactioningest(三)光电效应核反应photoelectriceffect衰减attenuation靶恩barn放大amplification反冲，反作用recoil镉cadmium平均自由程meanfreepath钻cobalt转变，转化transmutation氧oxygen扩散diffusion氮nitrogen中子扩散neutrondiffusion汞mercury斐克扩散定律Fick'slawofdiffusion弹性的elastic通量flux非弹性的inelastic中微子neutrino宏观截面macros

7、copicsectioncross放射性同位素radioisotope半衰期half-life微观截面microscopicsectioncross热核反应堆化合价thermonuclearreactorvalence（四）核材料燃料fuel反应性reactivity燃料芯块fuelpellet升华sublime慢化剂moderator中子俘获截面neutroncapturecross冷却剂coolantsection包壳cladding散射截面scatteringcross控制棒controlrodsection硼酸boricacid辐照损伤radiationdamage铬chromium肿

8、胀swelling铪hafnium燃耗burnup钆gadolinium合金alloy铟indium镁诺克斯合金Magnox镁magnesium锆合金zircaloy镍nickel金属间化合物inter-metallic锆zirconiumcompound硅silicon裂变产物fissionproduct重水heavywater裂变碎片fissionfragment石墨graphite腐蚀产物corrosionproduct碳化物carbide可燃毒物burnablepoison氧化物oxide冷轧coldpressing氧化oxidize烧结sintering二氧化物dioxide开裂cr

9、ack二氧化碳carbondioxide蠕变creep碳氢化合物hydrocarbon增殖材料fertilematerial密度density增殖比breedingratio热导率，传热系数thermalconductivity浓缩铀enricheduranium比热specificheat高温气冷堆HighTemperature粘性viscosityGas-cooledReactor饱和saturation(HTGR)热力性质，热物性thermodynamicproperty(中子)通量展平flux-shaping(五)核反应堆理论自持的链式反应self-sustainingchainfac

10、torreaction慢化slowdown燃料循环fuelcycle热中子thermalneutron临界(a)critical快中子fastneutron次临界(a)subcritical六氟化物hexafluoride超临界(a)supercritical六氟化铀uraniumhexafluoride临界(n)criticality离心工艺centrifugeprocess临界尺寸criticalsize气体扩散工艺gaseousdiffusion共振resonanceprocess弹性散射碰撞elasticscattering换料(v)refuelcollision小力.Hl分占Ft/k

11、/4?小力.4?!匚cc+Qr'ccZicr快中子增殖反应堆，快堆FastBreeding热中子利用系数thermalutilizationReactor(FBR)贫铀depleted uranium热中子反应堆，热堆 thermal reactor快堆fast reactor倍增系数 multiplication factor堆芯，活性区core再生区blanket半透膜semi-permeablemembrane旋转spin（过去分词：spun）（十）压水反应堆压水反应堆，压水堆PressurizedWater失效failureReactor(PWR)安全功能safetyfunct

12、ion蒸汽发生器steamgenerator裕度margin一次侧primaryside反应堆冷却剂系统ReactorCoolant二次侧secondarysideSystem(RCS)发电机electricalgenerator,在役检查inserviceinspectiongenerator汽水分离器moistureseparator燃料芯块fuelpellet干燥器steamdryer包壳cladding堆内构件reactorinternals堆芯core反应堆冷却剂泵，主泵reactorcoolant给水泵feed(water)pumppump(RCP),mainpump反应堆（压力）

13、容器reactorvessel,稳压器pressurizerpressurevessel波动管surgeline硼酸boricacid剖视图sectionalview化学补偿控制chemicalshim控制棒controlrodcontrol控制棒组件ControlElement堆坑reactorpitAssembly(CEA)气密的airtight控制棒驱动机构ControlElement封头headDriveMechanism接管，喷嘴nozzle(CEDM)点火区seed控制棒导向管ControlRodGuide再生区blanketTube(CRGT)用户，业主，业界utility上部支

14、撑板uppersupportplate卖主，供应商vendor,supplier燃料组件fuelassembly制造商manufacturer进口接管inletnozzle多重屏障multiplebarriers出口接管outletnozzle纵深防御defenseindepth堆芯吊篮corebarrel冗余性redundancy可燃吸收体burnableabsorber多样性diversity管侧tubeside独立性independence壳侧shellside包容contain蒸汽管线steamline美国机械工程师协会AmericanSocietyof一次冷却剂primarycool

15、antMechanicalEngineer主蒸汽mainsteam(ASME)反应性引入reactivityinsertion美国核学会AmericanNuclearSociety浓度concentration(ANS)参考负荷referenceload安全级safetyclass冷却剂平均温度coolantaveragetemperature(DNB)稀释dilution裂艾产物fissionproduct积累buildup反应堆调节系统ReactorRegulatingSystem(RRS)(程序)整定值programmedvalue峰值线释热率peaklinearheat轴向功率分布ax

16、ialpowerdistribution方位角azimuthal(甲子通重)方位角偏差azimuthaltilt偏离泡核沸腾DeparturefromNucleateBoilingrate偏离泡核沸腾比DeparturefromNucleateBoilingRatio(DNBR)堆内测量系统In-CoreDetectorSystem(ICDS)自给能甲子探测奋Self-PoweredNeutronDetector(SPND)信号调理signalconditioning反应堆紧急停堆reactortrip汽机脱扣turbinetrip可靠性reliability规范，法规code燃耗burnup

17、（）反应堆容器与堆内构件环锻件ring-forging锻造forge锻件forging监视surveillance样品，试样specimen安装mount奥氏体的austenitic不锈钢stainlesssteel法兰flange热电偶thermocouple零延性转变温度nil-ductilitytransitiontemperature(TND-)注量率fluence集成甲子通重NVT=TotalIntegratedNeutronFlux=IntegratedFlux=Fluence=Neutrondensity:Velocity;Timeunit:n/m3:m/s:s=n/m2旁通，支

18、路bypass磷phosphorous硫sulfur=sulphur焊weld临界值，限值threshold(机)接合，啮合，对位engage凸缘，凸起部，轮毂boss逐渐变细的tapered圆顶dome围板shroud（十二）反应堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒burnableabsorberrod蠕变creep栅格lattice申子源neutronsource阻力塞plug反应性价值reactivityworth比功率specificpower睇antimony镉cadmium辆californium锢indium陶瓷（状）的ceramic（机）间隙clearance污染contaminate栅格架

19、；电网；网格grid因科馍inconel固有安全性inherentsafety非能动安全passivesafety能动安全activesafety套管,套筒sleeve定位格架spacer grid星形架，蜘蛛 spider 乏燃料 spent fuel（十三）压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备U形管烝汽发U-tubesteamgenerator额定负荷ratedload核供汽系统NuclearSteamSupplySystem(NSSS)化学和容积控制系统ChemicalandVolumeControlSystem(CVCS)一次系统primarysystem加热，升温heatup二次系统second

20、arysystem冷却，降温cooldown主烝汽mainsteam喷淋管线sprayline汽轮机，透平机械turbine辅助喷淋管线auxiliarysprayline给水与凝汽系统feedandcondensatesystem上充呆上充chargingpumpcharge热管段，热腿hotleg下泄letdown冷管段，冷腿coldleg水位waterlevel,level堵管裕量tubepluggingmargin备用的backup在情况下换热器intheeventofheatexchanger(HX)过压保护overpressureprotection节热器，省煤器economize

21、r女全壳内换料水箱In-containment给水feedwaterRefuelingWaterStorage一次进口水室inletplenumTank(IRWST)一次进口接管primaryinletnozzle换料水箱RefuelingWaterStorage一次出口水室outletplenumTank(RWST)一次出口接管primaryoutletnozzle安全阀safetyvalve管板tubesheet卸压阀reliefvalve喷放；（SG排污blowdown全厂断电stationblackout(SBO)上升段riser（蒸汽）干度quality下降段downcomer空泡份

22、额voidfraction满功率fullpower(FP)热冲击thermalshock额定功率ratedpower急冷，骤冷quench裂变碎片fission fragment轻水反应堆Light Water Reactor(LWR)热机thermal engine原动机prime mover始enthalpy嫡entropy反馈feedback热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics最终热阱ultimate sink一(次)回路 primary loop二(次)回路 secondary loop核电厂配套子项Balance of Plant (BOP)一次压力

23、边界primary pressureboundary（十四）压水堆系统与安全壳换料（n）refueling环形的annular应急堆芯冷却系统EmergencyCore-潜热latentheatCoolingSystem(ECCS)显热sensibleheat补水与排水feedandbleed氢氧化物hydroxide专设设施EngineeredSafety氢氧化钠sodiumhydroxideFeature(ESF)苛性钠，氢氧化钠caustic设备冷却水系统ComponentCooling启动startupSystem飞射物，导弹missile止回阀non-returnvalve蒸汽管线s

24、teamline蓄压箱accumulator安全壳地坑containmentsump电动阀motor-drivenvalve（十五）蒸汽轮机飞轮flywheel被称为二bereferredtoas叶片，叶栅blade,bucket,vane缸体，箱体casing功workthrust冲动式汽轮机impulseturbine拉金lashing反动式汽轮机reactionturbine除湿moistureremoval冲动级impulsestage节流阀stop-throttlevalve反动级reactionstage扭矩torque反动度degreeofreaction每秒麻rev/s=rev

25、olutionsper渐缩的convergingsecond渐扩的diverging每分钟装rpm=revolutionsper喷嘴，接管nozzleminuteSystem(RHRS)squareinchgauge隔离阀isolationvalve失效failure故障fault, malfuction卡诺效率Carnotefficiency热机效率engineefficiency高温热源，热库 hotreservoir低温热源 cold reservoir摩擦friction余热排出系统 Residual Heat-Removal气动阀pneumatic valve安注泵safety in

26、jection pump安全壳containment钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力钢筋混凝土 prestressedreinforced concrete英制压力单位psi = pounds per squareinch英制压力单位(表压)psig = pounds per（十六）主蒸汽、给水与凝汽系统汽轮发电机turbine generator汽动给水泵turbine drivenfeedwater pump蒸汽排放steam dump汽水分离再热器 Moisture SeperatorReheater (MSR)密封蒸汽系统 gland steam system限流

27、器 flow restrictor主蒸汽隔离阀 main steam isolation valve机组unit负荷load主蒸汽集管main steam header给水联箱feedwater header给水回热循环regenerative feedheating cycle磨损wear污垢，结垢fouling装量inventory蒸汽（旁路）排放steam dump冷凝器排放condenser steam dump大气排放atmospheric steam dump除氧器排放deoxidizer steam dump电缆electric cable辅助给水系统auxiliary feed

28、watersystem压差differentialpressure,pressure differential, pressure difference增压泵booster pump增压boost pressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser凝汽器热阱condenser hotwell给水流量调节阀feed regulating valve给水调节旁通阀feed regulating bypassvalve疏水 drain阶跃变化step change线性（斜坡）变化 ramp change溢流阀overflow valve工艺汽processsteam紧急停堆trip; sc

29、ram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手动地manually自动地automatically质量流率 mass flow rate关断阀shutoff valve（美国）联邦管理法规 CFR = Code ofFederal Regulations凝结液condensate水头，压头head汽机脱扣（甩负荷） turbine trip（十七）核电厂运行工艺热processheat公用电网utilitygrid基础负荷运行baseloadoperation退役的outofservice运行因子operationfactor负荷因子loadfactor使用因子，运行因子service

30、factor可利用因子availability技术规范technicalspecification稳压器汽空间建立drawapressuresteambubble未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransientWithoutScram（ATWS）未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransientWithoutTrip（ATWT）失电lossofpower失流lossofflow辅助喷淋auxiliaryspray采样sampling（美国）核管会NuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC）负荷跟踪loadfollowing屏蔽shielding核辐射nuclear radiation发射，发出 emit剂量 dose剂量率dose rate（十八）辐射危害与屏蔽保健物理healthphysics天然本底辐射naturalbackgroundradiation轰击bombardment地壳theearthscrust（放射性）坠尘fallout吸入inhalation职业照射occupationalexpo